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Organophosphate insecticide acephate was tested to investigate effects on hemocyte abundance in a non-target dipteran insect Drosophila melanogaster. For this purpose, third-instar larvae were fed on four graded concentrations (2, 4, 6, or 8 μg/ml) acephate for a period of 12 and 24 hr (acute treatment). Control groups were simultaneously maintained for comparison. Relative proportions of plasmatocytes in hemolymph smear were found to fall with increasing concentrations of the test chemical. Similar decreasing trend in population of lamellocytes was also noted after 12 and 24 hr chemical exposure. In contrast to plasmatocytes and lamellocytes, crystal cell number was found to rise with increasing pesticide concentration. Several factors like oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and mitotic failure might be the cause of reduced plasmatocyte and lamellocyte count. The elevated number of crystal cells in hemolymph smears is directly indicative of high melanin synthesis that assists larvae to combat chemical stress, since melanin is well known for its potential to minimize physical, chemical, and pathogenic stress. 相似文献
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Rajak Chetan Singh Neelu Parashar Poonam 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(35):43582-43598
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Toxicity due to heavy metals (HM), specifically mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) remains a challenge to scientists till date.... 相似文献
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Rajak Jai Kishan Khandelwal Nitin Behera Mahima Prasad Tiwari Ekta Singh Nisha Ganie Zahid Ahmad Darbha Gopala Krishna Abdolahpur Monikh Fazel Schäfer Thorsten 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(31):41760-41771
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chromite ore processing residues (COPR) are real environmental threats, leading to CrO42-, i.e., Cr (VI) leaching into groundwater. It is of serious... 相似文献
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Similar to several environmental monitoring studies, the present study used Drosophila melanogaster as a model nontarget organism to explore the interfering effects of an organophosphate (OP) insecticide acephate on insect life cycle parameters. Acephate, a common OP, is readily available in nature from agricultural sources as an environmental contaminant. Along with target pests, nontarget fruit flies also suffer exposure to such environmental chemical. To evaluate the effects of such exposure, initially, acute LC50 of acephate for third instar larvae was investigated and found to be between 14 and 16 μg/ml. This information yielded the following experimental concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 μg/ml) of test chemical for evaluation of effect, if any, on the insect model. Results showed that mean larval duration of insect significantly decreased on treatment with acephate, whereas the mean pupal duration remained unaffected. Interestingly the decreasing trend was seen to persist in case of mean adult emergence, where treated flies emerged significantly earlier in comparison to controls. Thus, the study demonstrated that acephate-induced shortening of developmental time and early emergence in Drosophila melanogaster. 相似文献
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Madhavi Rajak Khageshwar Singh Patel Nitin Kumar Jaiswal Raj Kishore Patel Elza Bontempi Eduardo Yubero Laurent Matini Sema Yurdakul Pablo Martín-Ramos 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):287-299
Soil quality in urban areas in India is degraded due to multiple anthropogenic activities. The objectives of this work are to determine the concentration variations, toxicity, and sources of carbons, metals, and ions in the surface soil of Raipur, the industrialized capital city of Chhattisgarh state, India. High concentrations of Al, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and elemental carbon (EC) were registered. Relatively lower concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb, organic carbon (OC), and carbonate carbon (CC), as well as ions (viz. F–, Cl–, NO3–, SO42–, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), were also recorded. EC was found to be one of the major pollutants, although enrichment factors pointed to high contamination with SO42–, K+, Mg2+, Cr, Mn, and Pb; and extreme contamination with NO3– and Ca2+. The spatial and temporal variations, enrichment factors, toxicity, and sources of the chemical species detected in the soil are discussed. 相似文献
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