倒计时表对黄灯启亮后的驾驶行为影响

为检验倒计时表对交叉口安全性的影响,选择黄灯启亮后的驾驶员决策类型和车辆通过停车线时间两个指标,研究倒计时表对驾驶行为的影响.选择道路和交通条件相近的6个交叉口(有无倒计时各3个)对直行车流进行数据采集,经处理获取相关驾驶行为数据.应用二元Logistics回归方法建立了黄灯启亮后的驾驶员决策类型选择模型.结果表明:黄灯启亮后,在相同位置、速度条件下,倒计时交叉口的驾驶员选择停车的优势比(Odd ratio)仅为无倒计时交叉口的0.282.采用非参数检验的Mann-Whitney方法,对黄灯启亮后车辆通过停车线的时间分布(TVC)进行检验.结果表明:安装倒计时表后,车辆通过停车线时间的平均值由1.52 s增大到2.92s;在5%显著性水平下,倒计时交叉口的TVC中位数与无倒计时的差异较大,车辆通过停车线时间跨度延长,对交叉口安全性造成不利影响.     

Efficient degradation of semi-coking wastewater in three-dimensional electro-Fenton by CuFe2O4 heterocatalyst

Semi-coking wastewater contains a rich source of toxic and refractory compounds. Three-dimensional electro-Fenton (3D/EF) process used CuFe₂O₄ as heterocatalyst and activated carbon (AC) as particle electrode was constructed for degrading semi-coking wastewater greenly and efficiently. CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). Factors like dosage of CuFe₂O₄, applied voltage, dosage of AC and pH, which effect COD removal rate of semi-coking waste water were studied. The results showed that COD removal rate reached to 80.9% by 3D/EF process at the optimum condition: 4 V, 0.3 g of CuFe₂O₄, 1 g of AC and pH?=?3. Trapping experiment suggesting that hydroxyl radical (?OH) is the main active radical. The surface composition and chemical states of the fresh and used CuFe₂O₄ were analyzed by XPS indicating that Fe, Cu, and O species are involved into the 3D/EF process. Additionally, anode oxidation and the adsorption and catalysis of AC are also contributed to the bleaching of semi-coking waste water. The possible mechanisms of 3D/EF for degrading semi-coking waste water by CuFe₂O₄ heterocatalyst were proposed.