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Nobuo Mimura Kazuya Yasuhara Seiki Kawagoe Hiromune Yokoki So Kazama 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(7):803-818
The Tohoku region, Northeast Japan, was hit by a gigantic earthquake which occurred in the Pacific close to Tohoku, and subsequently
by a giant tsunami. These hazards have caused huge damage on the eastern coast Japan. The earthquake’s magnitude was 9.0,
the strongest ever recorded in Japan. The tsunami was also historical as its run-up height reached over 39 m. As of early
May, 2011, over 24 thousand people were reported as dead or missing. Moreover, serious accidents at the Fukushima Nuclear
Power Plants No.1 were caused by the effects of the tsunami. Therefore, the damage faced by Japanese people can be seen as
a giant composite disaster. Although Japan, and the northeast of Japan in particular, has over a long time period increased
its preparedness against earthquakes and tsunamis, huge damage still occurred. This paper considers why this tragedy occurred,
and what unrecognized factors contributed to the high vulnerability of the area. To assist in answering such questions, this
paper presents a timely report of the features of the earthquake and tsunami, the damage they caused, and the early efforts
for recovery and reconstruction. 相似文献
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Kazuya Yasuhara Hideo Komine Hiromune Yokoki Takeshi Suzuki Nobuo Mimura Makoto Tamura Guangqi Chen 《Sustainability Science》2011,6(2):219-232
Humanity faces an increasing possibility that unusual and extreme natural disasters will increase, compounded with climate
change, including global warming. These compound events are designated as compounded natural hazards in this study. A methodology
must be developed for predicting what events and risks will confront future societies, to propose countermeasures and adaptation
strategies against these events, and to evaluate the influences of compound disasters on infrastructure which is particularly
situated near coasts and rivers. Based on the above-stated background and demands, this study was undertaken with the intention
of upgrading the methodology for estimating effects on infrastructure of compound events such as increased typhoon and rainfall
severity caused by global warming occurring concurrently with a great earthquake in Japan. Such a methodology is expected
to contribute to progress in the fields of natural disaster mitigation and land preservation, particularly benefiting coastal
and river areas in Japan. Additionally in this study, risk and economic loss analyses for the possible occurrence of compound
disasters for coastal infrastructure and foundations are produced for establishing environmental strategies at the governmental
level. The authors further propose adaptation strategies and techniques as countermeasures against these events. 相似文献
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Masafumi Fujita Jumpei Suzuki Daisaku Sato Yuji Kuwahara Hiromune Yokoki Hajime Kayanne 《Sustainability Science》2013,8(3):381-390
Water pollution, evident by negative values of redox potential in waters, occurs at the lagoonal coast located near the densely populated area of Fongafale Islet on Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu, Central Pacific. Sediment microbial quinone analysis revealed that these coastal sediments exhibit 2.7–10.4 times more microbial biomass, significantly different microbial community structure and low microbial diversity, when compared to an undisturbed natural coastal sediment. Thus, the pollution is chronic. By considering the total land use/coverage on the islet, the situation of septic tank installations, temporal changes in water redox potential and Escherichia coli numbers in the coastal waters and the spatial distribution of acid volatile sulfide in the sediments, we conclude that domestic wastewater is the primary source of pollution. This pollution is proposed to occur via the following mechanism: during ebb tides, domestic wastewater leaking from bottomless septic tanks and pit toilets run off into the lagoonal coast. Tide changes control the pollution load of domestic wastewater. 相似文献
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