泔脚与秸杆混合发酵法生产蛋白饲料的新工艺流程

利用多菌种混合发酵同时处理泔脚和秸杆2种废弃物,提出了一种生产高蛋白饲料的新工艺流程,并且对该流程初步进行了经济估算。结果表明,在泔脚和稻草秸杆粉按3:1、温度150℃、高压锅中高温湿热酸处理的条件下,经过初步双菌混合发酵试验所得的饲料产品质量为粗蛋白≥25％,粗纤维≤18％,水分≤ 10％,说明新工艺能很好地同时处理泔脚和秸杆2种废弃物,并且大大地提高了秸秆饲料的蛋白含量。处理新工艺流程简单、技术可行,是一种很好的饲料制备方法。     

宁夏灌溉回归水开发再利用的评价

宁夏灌溉回归水指灌溉农业土壤深层渗滤水、农田尾水、渠道渗漏水、退水及少量的工业废水和城镇生活污水,年排量３０～３５亿ｍ^３。对灌溉回归水２０种物质含量的评价表明,它属无毒有害型淡水。采取与渠水（来自黄河水）掺灌或轮灌对作物生长无不良影响,也不会引起土壤盐碱化,可大胆开发利用。     

略论麦草资源的综合利用

本文简单介绍了麦草的纤维特性与小麦苗营养价值，在此基础上，总结了我国近几年发展的麦草利用途径与评价，最后讨论了麦草综合利用的前景。     

污泥转移SBR工艺处理低浓度生活污水

污泥转移SBR工艺是一种通过内部污泥回流实现污泥在不同SBR隔室间转移,从而增加污泥利用效率,提高系统除污效能的新工艺。以设计规模为240 m3/d、处理低浓度生活污水的工艺系统为对象,研究了新工艺在不同泥转移量(污泥回流比)下的除污性能,并与系统以传统SBR方式运行的情况进行了对比。结果表明,新工艺可以有效提高SBR反应器的容积利用率;采用30%的污泥回流比进行污泥转移,新工艺的处理能力比传统SBR工艺提高近1/2,除磷效率从46%提升至85%。出水各项水质指标均能达到国家排放标准的要求。     

Forced migration, processes of return and livelihood construction among pastoralists in northern Sudan

The Hawaweer, a nomadic, pastoralist group in northern Sudan, were seriously affected by the drought in the Sahel during the mid-1980s. Their experience illustrates the connection between internally displaced people, normal mobility, forced migration, dilemmas and opportunities of return and how new livelihoods can be successfully constructed based on traditional rights, strong local institutions and external resources. Some displaced Hawaweer got the chance to return to their homeland as new livelihood opportunities were established; others did not get this opportunity nor would they have returned if they had been given the chance. In both situations, the processes of displacement and return had an impact on the sense of belonging and identity.     

IRRIGATION WATER AND SURFACE RUNOFF QUALITY AND QUANTITY IN CARSON VALLEY,NEVADA1

ABSTRACT: Best management practices for irrigated agriculture are not restricted to the control of sediments in the return flow. Salts and nutrient loading and oxygen depletion are also of environmental concern. Since knowledge of waste loading returned from agricultural irrigation is limited, specific characterization of irrigatin and runoff water quality should precede corrective measures. In 1974, 1975 and 1976, four study sites with in a 50,000-acre irrigated area were monitored to characterize the quantity and quality of irrigation water and surface return flow. Simple correlatins among constituents showed strong relationships among BOD, TP, PO₄,-P, and No₃-N. Least significant difference tests among seasonal means of change-in-load per irrigation showed that only TDS and PO₄-P were significant.     

IMPROVING IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW QUALITY WITH A WATER RENTAL MARKET1

ABSTRACT: Current policies for correcting the problem of irrigation return flow pollution tend to attack the symptoms of the problem, rather than its cause. The present institutional arrangement for allocating irrigation water is seen as the source of the problem. This paper examines the water quality benefits of altering the institutional arrangement to allow for irrigation water transfers through a rental market. It is conceptualized that by creating a water rental market an opportunity cost would be associated with the use of irrigation water such that profit maximizing farmers would be induced to use his water supply more efficiently and rent the surplus to other irrigators, thus reducing return flow pollution. It is shown that a water rental market could increase water quality in the Yakima River in southcentral Washington by 31 percent as well as increase farm incomes and crop production.     

秸秆腐解剂在秸秆还田中的效果研究初报

在大田、微区和盆栽条件下，研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻生长及产量的影响，同时研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻秸秆腐解速率及对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，稻、麦秸秆还田时施用秸秆腐解剂对提高稻、麦产量具有明显的增产效果，增产的原因是穗数和粒数增加；稻、麦秸秆还田量不同时，还田量大且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较还田量小好；麦秸秆还田方式不同时，麦秸以栽稻前耕翻还田且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较好，上水沤制的效果较差；秸秆腐解剂能促进稻、麦秸秆较快腐解，减轻和防止多量秸秆还田给作物生长带来不利影响，并可稳定和提高土壤养分含量。     

A rate of return analysis for public forestry in Ulster

In this paper a rate of return analysis is carried out on public forestry in Northern Ireland. Analysis is based on the results obtained in two very different locations: a 100-hectare acquisition in the western part of the province where the quality of land is generally poor and a 10-hectare plantation in the east where soil and other conditions are reasonably good. The species in question is Sitka spruce, an evergreen variety which is planted for commercial purposes throughout the UK. Rate of return figures obtained here indicate that even with narrow commercial considerations, forestry in Northern Ireland is a sound venture and should expand rapidly to moderate the timber deficiency which exists in the province as well as in the UK and the EEC.     

岩溶塌陷倾向性等级的KPCA-SVM预测模型

为了快速、有效地预测岩溶塌陷倾向性等级,在统计分析大量观测实例的基础上,选取岩性系数、岩体结构系数、地下水系数、覆盖层系数、地形地貌系数和环境条件系数作为特征指标。利用核主成分分析(KPCA)方法在高维空间提取岩溶塌陷影响因子的主成分,将获取的主成分作为支持向量机(SVM)的特征向量,建立基于KPCA的岩溶塌陷倾向性等级的SVM预测模型。将12组观测数据作为学习样本对模型进行训练。采用回代估计法进行回检,误判率为0。利用训练好的模型对2组待判样本进行预测。结果表明:经KPCA后指标个数减少,相关性降低,SVM运算的复杂度降低。用该模型所得预测结果的准确率为100%。