氧化法处理对氯氰苄废水

针对对氯氰苄生产废水中氰化物浓度较高,提出了次氯酸钠氧化法治理工艺.实践表明,经该工艺处理,废水中COD、氰化物等污染物指标能达到GB8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>一级排放标准要求,除氰效果明显,具有显著的环境和经济效益.     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯对小鼠睾丸能量代谢相关酶的影响

为了从生殖细胞能量代谢角度探讨邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)对雄性小鼠生殖损伤的机制,以昆明系雄性小白鼠为实验对象,研究了BBP对小鼠睾丸组织能量代谢相关酶的影响.实验设0、125、250、500、1000mg·kg-1(质量分数)5组浓度梯度,连续灌胃染毒30d后,采用分光光度法检测小鼠睾丸组织匀浆中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、Ca-Mg-ATPase酶的活性以及睾丸脏器系数.结果发现,1)与对照组相比,高浓度染毒组(500、1000mg·kg-1)LDH、SDH和Ca-Mg-ATPase活性均极显著降低(p<0.01);而低浓度染毒组(125mg·kg-1)3种酶活性均无显著变化(p>0.05);中浓度染毒组(250mg·kg-1)LDH没有显著变化(p>0.05),而SDH、Ca-Mg-ATPase均显著降低(p<0.05,p<0.01).2)染毒30d后,各染毒组睾丸脏器系数略有下降,但与对照组相比,差异均未达到显著水平(p>0.05).以上结果表明,较高水平的BBP不仅可以干扰睾丸组织有氧代谢及无氧代谢的产能过程,还可以干扰生殖细胞对能量的利用,提示能量代谢的障碍可能是BBP对雄性生殖细胞产生损伤的原因之一.     

苯酚水溶液光催化降解的盐效应

实验研究了不同浓度的NaCl, KCl, KBr, CaCl₂和Na₂SO₄等电解质对323K下苯酚水溶液光催化降解速度的影响,采用分光光度法测定了光催化降解的动力学曲线.结果表明,各种电解质对苯酚的光催化降解均有抑制作用,且随电解质浓度的增加而增强;盐效应强弱主要取决于阴离子而不是阳离子;对于所研究的体系,阴离子的盐效应作用顺序为Br->SO₄^2->Cl^-.光催化过程的盐效应可能与阴离子对光催化剂表面光生空穴的俘获和稳定作用以及阳离子的电导作用引起催化剂表面光生电子和空穴之间的短路有关.     

有机砷对固态厌氧消化产甲烷的影响和动力学研究

通过高温(55℃)固态厌氧消化研究,发现添加洛克沙胂(ROX)会抑制固态厌氧消化产甲烷,ROX添加水平为0.5、1.0、1.5mmol/kg时,初始每克挥发性固体(VS)累积产甲烷量依次下降19.19%、94.04%、96.56%;添加3-氨基-4-羟基苯砷酸(HAPA)加快了系统前期产甲烷,最终累积产甲烷量与空白对照组相近,抑制效应不明显。一级动力学模型符合固态厌氧消化系统产甲烷动力学,其基本方程为G=G∞×(1-exp(-kt)),其中:G为试验检测得到的累积产甲烷量,mL;G∞为理想状态下基质完全降解时的累积产甲烷量,mL;k为产气一级反应速率常数,d-1;t为反应时间,d。一级动力学模型预测值与实测值的F检验以及P和r2说明,产甲烷动力学方程与实测数据拟合相关度很高,产甲烷动力学方程的回归是极显著的。     

Susceptibility of Eucalyptus globulus to Mnesampela privata defoliation in relation to a specific foliar wax compound

Summary. Increased abundance of several aliphatic benzyl and phenylethyl alkanoates were previously associated with reduced defoliation of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. by the autumn gum moth (Mnesampela privata Guenée) in two clonally replicated F₂ families. We examine the robustness of this association by comparing the abundance of the implicated foliar wax compounds with defoliation levels in three plantation sites and a genetics trial in northern Tasmania. At all locations, the aliphatic alkanoate, benzyl n-tetracosanoate (C₂₄), was found in significantly higher abundance in the foliar wax of E. globulus trees that had displayed low M. privata damage (designated resistant) compared to trees that had displayed high damage (designated susceptible). Further, when sites were combined, benzyl n-tetracosanoate (C₂₄) accounted for 16 % of variation in field defoliation. Field defoliation was also positively correlated to M. privata oviposition both in the field and on foliage sprigs in a cage. In the cage bioassay, oviposition accounted for 20 % of variation in field defoliation making it a better predictor of tree defoliation in the field than either field oviposition, which accounted for 9 % of variation, or screening foliage for the abundance of benzyl n-tetracosanoate (C₂₄). Despite both benzyl n-tetracosanoate (C₂₄) and oviposition being related to field defoliation, there was no statistically significant relationship between the abundance of benzyl n-tetracosanoate (C₂₄) and oviposition in the field or cage bioassay. Further work is therefore required to determine if increased levels of this compound in the foliar wax operates as a direct deterrent to M. privataoviposition.     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯致神经细胞氧化损伤

为探究邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(butyl benzyl phthalate,BBP)对小鼠神经的毒性作用,进行了小鼠体外毒理学研究。首先用不同浓度的邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯染毒神经模型细胞—N2a神经瘤细胞,通过噻唑蓝比色法(MTT),Hoechst 33258染色实验评价邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯的细胞毒效应;通过对染毒细胞氧自由基(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的检测来探究BBP对小鼠神经瘤细胞的氧化损伤效应。随着BBP浓度的不断增高,细胞的MTT值逐渐变小,当BBP的浓度达到10 g·L-1时,MTT实验结果与对照组出现显著性差异;Hoechst 33258染色结果显示:高浓度的BBP导致细胞核呈现出不规则状态,出现了凋亡小体;随着BBP染毒浓度的升高N2a细胞中的ROS水平和MDA含量逐渐上升,分别在0.16 g·L-1和10 g·L-1开始与对照组相比出现了显著性的差异(p0.05);而GSH系数呈现下降趋势,在0.32 g·L-1时开始出现显著性差异(p0.05)。实验结果表明高浓度的邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯可以导致神经瘤细胞的凋亡,并产生氧化损伤效应。     

邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯在肺匀浆中的体外代谢研究

了解邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)在肺匀浆中是否被代谢以及被代谢的情况,为更深入的肺脏毒性研究提供参考.于肺匀浆液中加入一定量BBP后,在0 min、10 min、20 min、40 min、60 min、80 min不同的温孵时间用乙酸乙酯灭活萃取剩余BBP,处理后用高效液相色谱测定BBP含量,再通过标准曲线计算出测定的BBP含量,得出BBP在肺中被降解的量,计算得到不同时间BBP在肺匀浆液中的降解百分率.研究结果表明,BBP在肺匀浆液中的线性范围为7.2～179 μmol/mL,平均萃取回收率为(97.11±0.98)%.BBP在肺匀浆液中被降解,与时间呈一定线性关系; 代谢上有雌雄差异,雌性在40 min以前降解比雄性快,在雌性肺匀浆中的降解半衰期为93.65 min,在雄性肺匀浆中的降解半衰期为70 min,但是雄性在整个过程中降解较快; 采用乙酸乙酯进行灭活萃取,在本实验条件下没有检测到代谢产物,说明代谢产物极性较大,没有被乙酸乙酯萃取出来.     

氯化十四烷基二甲基苄基铵盐水体系浮选铜

研究发现 ,在水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ )与硫氰酸铵、氯化十四烷基二甲基苄基铵形成不溶于水的三元缔合物 ,在少量氯化钠存在下此三元缔合物沉淀浮于水相上层并与水分成界面清晰的两相 ,分相过程中Cu(Ⅱ )被定量浮选。实现了Cu(Ⅱ )与Fe(Ⅲ )、Ni(Ⅱ )、Mn(Ⅱ )、Al(Ⅲ )等离子的分离 ,是一种无毒且更为简便、经济、快速的分离方法。     

Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzoic acid catalyzed by eco-friendly cobalt thioporphyrazine catalyst supported on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres

A novel magnetically recoverable thioporphyrazine catalyst (CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4) was prepared by immobilization of the cobalt octkis(butylthio) porphyrazine complex (CoPz(S-Bu)8) on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres (SiO2@Fe3O4). The composite CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4 appeared to be an active catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant under Xe-lamp irradiation, with 36.4% conversion of benzyl alcohol, about 99% selectivity for benzoic acid and turnover number (TON) of 61.7 at ambient temperature. The biomimetic catalyst CoPz(S-Bu)8 was supported on the magnetic carrier SiO2@Fe3O4 so as to suspend it in aqueous solution to react with substrates, utilizing its lipophilicity. Meanwhile the CoPz(S-Bu)8 can use its unique advantages to control the selectivity of photocatalytic oxidation without the substrate being subjected to deep oxidation. The influence of various reaction parameters on the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol and selectivity of benzoic acid was investigated in detail. Moreover, photocatalytic oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols was obtained with high conversion and excellent selectivity, specifically conversion close to 70%, selectivity close to 100% and TON of 113.6 for para-position electron-donating groups. The selectivity and eco-friendliness of the biomimetic photocatalyst give it great potential for practical applications.     

用苯甲醇精制残液制备苯甲醛

以苯甲醇精制残液为原料，在HNO3与Zn（NO3）2／硅胶作用下制备苯甲醛。在200mL原料中加入20mL CCl4，反应pH控制在2—3，温度98℃，采用80g 120目硅胶负载50g Zn（NO3）2催化剂，在此条件下苯甲醛的收率可达83．1％。该生产工艺简单，反应条件温和，自制Zn（NO3）2／硅胶催化性能优良。具有环保与经济双重价值。