改性粉煤灰处理黑化集团焦化含酚废水的研究

焦化废水是一种典型的含有难降解有机污染物的工业废水,除含有酚类化合物外,还含有多种芳香烃和杂环类有机污染物,成分复杂,水量大,对环境污染严重。因此,焦化废水处理技术越来越受到环保部门的重视。本文摸索了改性粉煤灰处理焦化含酚废水的试验工艺条件,确定了反应条件,反应时间和反应温度。     

胡敏酸改性膨润土钝化污染土壤Pb&Cd及机理

通过盆栽试验,探讨了胡敏酸改性膨润土对重金属铅、镉污染土壤的钝化效果及机理。结果表明,铅、镉污染土壤中施加胡敏酸改性膨润土能显著降低小白菜中Pb、Cd的含量,在添加Cd(3 mg/kg)/Pb(250 mg/kg)污染土壤和Cd(1 0 mg/kg)/Pb(5 00 mg/kg)污染土壤上小白菜地上部分Pb含量分别比对照降低19.08%和47.91%,Cd含量分别比对照降低9.79%和14.89%。土壤本身对添加的重金属Pb/Cd有一定的耐受力和自我净化能力,在添加重金属后,添加的Pb/Cd元素大部分直接转化为较为稳定的碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化结合态。相关性分析显示小白菜的鲜重与小白菜Pb/Cd含量极显著负相关,进一步说明胡敏酸改性膨润土是通过提高小白菜的生物量,从而降低Pb/Cd在小白菜中的含量。     

Application of CFD on the sensitivity analyses of some parameters of the modified Hartmann tube

The aim of this work is to determine the influence of operating parameters such as the dispersion pressure, the ignition delay and height on the dust flammability. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, based on an Euler–Lagrange approach, was developed with Ansys Fluent™ and validated experimentally. Such analysis will facilitate the choice of the most conservative conditions for a flammability test. This paper is focused on a case study performed on wheat starch with the modified Hartmann tube. The dispersion process of the powder was studied with granulometric analyses performed in situ and high speed videos. Tests were performed with injections at gas pressure ranging from 3 to 6 bars and the evolution of the particle size distribution (PSD) was recorded at different ignition heights (5, 10 and 15 cm over the dispersion nozzle). The observations highlighted the presence of agglomeration/deagglomeration processes and dust segregation. Besides, a CFD simulation analysis was aimed at evaluating the impact of a set of parameters on the PSD and the local turbulence, which are closely linked to some flammability parameters. For this computational analysis, the CFD simulation was coupled with a collision treatment based on a Discrete Element Method (DEM) in order to consider the cohesive behavior of the combustible dust. Thus the results suggest performing the injection of the gases at approximately 5 bars for the flammability tests of wheat starch in order to obtain the finest PSD at a given ignition height. It is also shown that the finest PSD are obtained at 5 cm over the dispersion nozzle. However, the local instabilities and turbulence levels are so high during the first stages of the dispersion that the flame growth can be disturbed for short ignition delays. Moreover, the stabilization of the bulk of the dust cloud requires longer periods of time when the ignition sources are located at 15 cm. As a result, the recommended height to perform a flammability test is 10 cm in this case. Finally, this study proposes some tools that might improve the procedure of dust flammability testing.     

Mercury adsorption characteristics of HBr-modified fly ash in an entrained-flow reactor

In this study, the mercury adsorption characteristics of HBr-modified fly ash in an entrained-flow reactor were investigated through thermal decomposition methods. The results show that the mercury adsorption performance of the HBr-modified fly ash was enhanced significantly. The mercury species adsorbed by unmodified fly ash were HgCl₂, HgS and HgO. The mercury adsorbed by HBr-modified fly ash, in the entrained-flow reactor, existed in two forms, HgBr₂ and HgO, and the HBr was the dominant factor promoting oxidation of elemental mercury in the entrained-flow reactor. In the current study, the concentration of HgBr₂ and HgO in ash from the fine ash vessel was 4.6 times greater than for ash from the coarse ash vessel. The fine ash had better mercury adsorption performance than coarse ash, which is most likely due to the higher specific surface area and longer residence time.     

改性沸石分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定长江水中镉

采用改性沸石分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定长江水中微量镉,优化了富集和洗脱条件,讨论了干扰离子的影响。方法在0μg~4.00μg范围内线性良好,检出限为0.214μg/L,长江水平行测定的RSD为1.8%,加标回收率为99.0%~104%。     

Adsorption of chlorpyrifos,penconazole and metalaxyl from aqueous solution by modified clays

Sorption of three pesticides (chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl and penconazole) has been measured on a commercial clay montmorillonite and on the same mineral modified with either of two cationic-surfactant micelles. Both micelle–clay complexes, commercial names Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 30B, showed a good capacity to sorb all three pesticides from water, whereas their sorption on the natural montmorillonite was not described by an isotherm. Modelling sorption on both micelle–clay complexes showed that the Freundlich sorption constant (K _F) was higher for chlorpyrifos on Cloisite 20A (K _F = 7.76) than on Cloisite 30B (K _F = 5.91), whereas the sorption of metalaxyl was stronger on Cloisite 30B (K _F = 1.07) than on Cloisite 20A (K _F = 0.57). Moreover the micelle–clay complex Cloisite 20A also showed a good affinity for penconazole, the maximum quantity adsorbed (q _m) of 6.33 mg g^?1 being 45% more than that on Cloisite 30B. Single-batch adsorption of each pesticide onto both micelle–clay complexes was studied using the Freundlich isotherm for chlorpyrifos and metalaxyl and the Langmuir isotherm for penconazole. The Cloisite 20A micelle–clay complex was predicted to require 23% less adsorbent to treat certain volumes of wastewater containing 30 mg L^?1 chlorpyrifos, 43% more to treat metalaxyl similarly and 57% less to treat penconazole compared with Cloisite 30B.     

应用Modified Gompertz模型对城市生活垃圾沼气发酵的拟合研究

尽管Modified Gompertz模型与料菌比和发酵浓度之间没有直接的函数和变量关系,但是料菌比和浓度的变化必然导致Modified Gompertz模型参数的改变,因此可以通过Modified Gompertz模型参数的变化特征对料菌比和发酵浓度是否适宜作出合理的评价.据此本研究将采用中温批量发酵,分别设计单因素...     

改性粘土预处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的吸附热力学和动力学研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)对粘土进行改性,通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、热分析技术对改性粘土进行表征,分析作用机理;并将改性粘土用于垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的处理,对处理过程的吸附热力学和动力学性能进行研究。研究表明:粘土经过改性后,改性粘土的层间间距增大了0.754 nm;在303.15 K,313.15 K,333.15 K不同温度下,粘土吸附渗滤液中氨氮的平衡的时间为50 min左右,改性后的粘土吸附效果比原土提高了大约2~3倍;改性粘土对氨氮的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型;吸附过程标准摩尔吉布斯自由能△G~θ在-0.127 kJ/mol^-0.080 kJ/mol范围内,标准摩尔焓变△H~θ<0,吸附反应过程均属自发的放热过程;吸附动力学数据符合准二级动力学方程和粒子内扩散方程。     

Experimental study on the inhibition of methane/air explosion by modified attapulgite powder

In order to explore the influence of attapulgite powder on the methane explosion, a small-size semi-closed visual explosion experiment platform was built, and experiments were carried out. The effect of spraying powder on the whole process of methane explosion was studied when methane concentration was 7%, 8%, 9.5%, 11% and 12%, respectively. When the methane concentration was 11%, the maximum explosion overpressure dropped by modified spraying attapulgite powder was as high as 33.26%, and at the same time, the reduction rate of flame propagation velocity reached the maximum value of 36.65%. Furthermore, when the methane concentration was 9.5%, the experimental results when the powder spraying amount of modified attapulgite was 120 mg, 160 mg, 200 mg, 240 mg and 280 mg showed that when the powder spraying was 240 mg, the maximum explosive overpressure decreased by 33.14%, and the reduction rate of the peak flame propagation velocity reached the maximum value of 33.73%. Through the video images recorded by the high-speed camera, the flame structure, shape, color, etc. Were analyzed. The characterization analysis illustrated that the modified attapulgite powder has a small particle size, relatively large porosity and specific surface area. Also, it has a high weight loss rate. Combined with the results of characterization analysis, the explosion suppression mechanism of modified attapulgite powder was discussed. It was found that the modified attapulgite powder could effectively absorb the active free radicals generated in the explosion, and the modified new chemical components have a better thermal decomposition and endothermic effect and a better suppression of methane explosions.     

新型城市污水脱氮除磷工艺的试验研究与优化设计

提出了一种改进型A2/O脱氮除磷工艺(MAAO),通过工艺试验和活性污泥2D模型对其进行运行和设计优化.结果表明,系统对COD、TN、NH 4-N和TP的平均去除率分别为85.7%、66.8%、97.35%和78.1%;当COD在300mg/L以上时,脱氮除磷效果均较好,可分别达到70%和90%以上.基于试验结果建立的MMAO工艺数学模型仿真效果良好,可对各单元组合进行优化,校核预测不利工况下的工艺运行效果,实现工艺不同工况下的运行参数优化,较好地实现新工艺的机理性优化设计和运行. MMAO稳定运行出水可达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准.由于工艺省去内回流,增加厌氧混合液部分超越提供反硝化碳源,使得运行费用明显降低;系统总停留时间比目前传统的以去除有机污染物为主的生物处理工艺略低,该工艺非常适用于对不具有脱氮除磷功能污水厂的改造.