电渗析在丙烯酸丁酯废水预处理中的应用

采用电渗析法预处理丙烯酸丁酯生产废水,可将废水中的有机酸盐浓缩回收,同时大大降低废水的污染物浓度.重点研究了淡水浓水初始体积比的影响,同时考察了电渗析过程中水的迁移.实验确定了淡水浓水的最佳初始体积比为5∶1,此时对COD为61 650 mg/L的废水,COD去除率可达99.5%,脱盐率在99.5%以上,同时可将废水的...     

高电压电容吸附法处理模拟含盐废水

针对电容吸附除盐法的缺点，通过对电极进行绝缘处理，开发了一种新型高电压电容吸附除盐技术。实验结果表明：增大外加电压，有利于除盐效率的提高；外加电压为60V时，NaCl去除率可达90%以上；增大废水流速对吸附效果不利；反应温度对处理效果的影响不大；在NaCl质量浓度为80mg/L、外加电压为60V、反应温度为25℃、废水流速为36m/s、反应时间为30min的条件下，经一级处理和二级处理后出水的NaCl质量浓度分别为39mg/L和16mg/L，NaCl去除率分别为51.3%和80.0%。     

石墨-活性炭纤维复合电极电吸附处理含盐废水的研究

高盐废水是目前水处理领域的难点,作为一种新型的除盐技术,电吸附技术具有众多优点.本文研究了一种新型碳基复合材料,石墨-活性炭纤维复合电极,并考察了其应用于电吸附的影响因素和除盐效果.在电压为1.6 V,停留时间为60min,极板间距为1 cm时电吸附装置的除盐效果最优.用其分别对精制棉黑液和叶绿素铜钠废水进行了处理.电极对数为8对时对经酸析处理后的精制棉黑液的电导率和COD的去除率分别达到58.8%和75.6%;电极对数为6~8时对叶绿素铜钠生产废水的电导率的去除率能超过50.0%,COD的去除率约为13.5%.     

炼油污水回用处理RO系统的稳定运行及维护

文章介绍了兰州石化公司炼油污水深度处理反渗透(RO)系统的工艺流程及维护。通过进出水电导率、产水回收率等变化情况,分析了RO系统的运行状况。得知:运用此系统,反渗透系统产水回收率达到65%～70%,系统脱盐率在99%以上,产水可以满足一级除盐水要求,实现了装置稳定运行的目标。     

膜法海水淡化技术在玉环电厂的应用

华能玉环电厂4X1000MW燃煤机组生产用水全部采用经“膜法”海水淡化技术处理的淡化海水，该淡水海水具有较强的腐蚀性，对电厂脱硫系统产生一定影响，探讨了淡化海水对脱硫系统的腐蚀及应对措施。     

火电厂海水淡化工艺的技术经济分析及选择

简述了膜法与低温多效蒸馏法海水淡化原理,对低温多效和多套反渗透海水淡化装置进行了技术经济比较分析,比较分析了其制水综合成本和运行成本。比较结果表明,低温多效法高于反渗透法,反渗透法海水淡化加一级反渗透与低温多效法相当。并且,对八角电厂2种待选海水淡化方案做了经济技术比较,最终确定了八角电厂的海水淡化方案。     

电吸附对水中盐类、氨氮、COD的去除效果分析

电吸附技术作为高效、环境友好型的除盐、除氨氮技术，可应用与水的深度处理领域内。为了使污水回用达到工业用水的水质标准，对电吸附去除水中盐类、氨氮、COD的效果进行分析，结果表明，电吸附设备处理不同氨氮浓度的废水，对中低浓度的氨氮去除效果稳定，当进水氨氮浓度低于20 mg/L时，处理后出水氨氮浓度低于5 mg/L，COD浓度小于25 mg/L，达到回用标准；随着进水盐浓度的增大电吸附处理效果逐渐变差，在电导率低于2 500 μS/cm时除盐率在75%左右，氨氮去除率达到70%左右，COD去除率达到60%左右。经电吸附处理后的低氨氮浓度废水，TDS、氨氮浓度均可达到工业回用水标准。     

SOME CONJUNCTIVE DESALTING STUDIES EN THE UNITED KINGDOM1

ABSTRACT .Operating rule procedures are developed for the optimal use of desalination in conjunction with surface water impoundments. Results obtained from the use of hill-climbing and dynamic programming methods are compared. Benefits to be obtained from the integrated use of desalination are demonstrated through a case study for the Barcelona area of Spain.     

DESIGN OF DESALTING PLANTS FOR CONJUNCTIVE OPERATION1

ABSTRACT The selection of an evaporator design must reflect the balancing of captial cost (primarily in heat exchanger surface and vessels) against operating cost (primarily steam cost) to achieve minimum cost. In a conjunctive plant the tendency is to select a low-capital cost, high-operating cost plant. In addition, it is advantageous to use a high-capacity plant which needs to be operated much less of the time than a plant which is sized just at the needed rate. For example, in the study of a possible system to satisfy a future increase of 450 MGD in water supply to New York Qty, a plant of 750 MGD capacity was selected as optimum. This plant, of the advanced VTE-MSF process type, would have a performance ratio of 9 lb product/1000 Btu as compared to 10-13 normally used for base-loaded plants. Steam would be supplied by a multi-unit dual-purpose nuclear power plant. The most economical type of energy supply would be “interruptible”; the steam would be used by a low pressure turbine to generate electricity during periods of peak electrical demand but would be available to the desalting plant at other times. The low pressure turbine would be available as spinning reserve during desalting plant operation. It is estimated that the desalting plant would have a load factor of 27 per cent over its life.     

THE OPTIMAL TIME TO START THE OPERATION OF A DESALTING PLANT IN ISRAEL1

The study contains the methodology of finding the optimal time to start the operation of a desalting plant or any other non conventional source of water for agricultural use in Israel. The essence of the methodology is the moving equilibrium price and quantity of agricultural products. The market of agricultural products is represented by a single demand curve and a supply curve which is derived from the agricultural sector production function. Both the demand for and the supply of agricultural products functions are shifting over time. The marginal value product of water is the critical value that determines the optimal time of a desalting plant. The study is static in the sense that dynamic aspects per se are not dealt with-e.g. learning by doing of building and operating desalting plants. The empirical results although used for illustrative purposes can be used as reference points for other detailed and more ‘exact’ studies on water desalination.