测定电镀废水中铬(Ⅵ)的新光度法

在硝酸介质中,二甲基黄先显色而后在加热条件下褪色,铬( )能显著阻抑此褪色反应,且阻抑程度与铬( )含量相关,据此建立了测定痕量铬( )的新方法。方法检出限是1.55×10-10g/ml,线性范围0.1～1.2μg/10ml,用于电镀废水中铬( )的测定,结果满意。     

冬季黄渤海DMS、DMSP和CH4的分布及影响因素

于2017年12月~2018年1月现场测定了黄、渤海表层海水中二甲基硫（DMS）、二甲巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）以及溶解甲烷（CH₄）的含量，对DMS、DMSP及CH₄的浓度分布和相互关系进行了研究.通过培养实验探究了DMSP降解对DMS和CH₄生成的影响，并估算了DMS及CH₄的海-气通量.结果表明，表层海水中DMS、DMSPd、DMSPp及CH₄的平均浓度分别为（1.39±1.21），（2.87±1.54），（5.59±4.64），（6.91±2.77）nmol/L.DMS、DMSP与Chl-a水平分布基本一致，均呈现近岸高、远海低的趋势.垂直分布上，DMS、DMSP浓度最大值均出现在浅水层，而CH₄浓度则随深度的增加而增大，至底层达到最大值.相关性分析表明，DMS、DMSPp与Chl-a存在显著的正相关关系，CH₄与DMSPd、DMSPp浓度均存在一定的正相关性（P<0.05）.培养实验结果表明，海水中本底DMSPd的浓度越高，DMS的生产速率越大.冬季黄、渤海DMS和CH₄海-气通量的平均值分别为（2.73±3.18），（8.14±7.68）μmol/（m²·d），表明冬季黄、渤海是大气中DMS、CH₄重要的源.     

二甲基硫醚中试装置工程建设的HSE管理

在二甲基硫醚中试装置工程建设过程中。通过融入先进的HSE管理模式。评估出危害因素。并应用安全技术措施和手段使人、机、环境始终处于安全状态。从而控制人身、设备、职业卫生和污染事故的发生。     

高铁酸钾对水中藻类及其次生嗅味污染物二甲基三硫醚同步去除研究

模拟高藻期碱性水源水,采用高铁酸钾对水中以颤藻和二甲基三硫醚为代表的藻类及微量嗅味污染物进行同步控制研究.在高铁酸钾与聚合氯化铁(PFC)单独混凝对藻类的控制效果对比的基础上,展开了高铁酸钾与高锰酸钾预氧化-PFC联用方法对藻类及嗅味污染物的控制效果对比,探讨了pH、预氧化时间和浊度等条件对控制效果的影响.结果表明,PFC单独混凝除藻率最高为90.6%,以Fe计的等量投加条件下,高铁酸钾控藻效果较PFC混凝好,除藻率可达92.4%.高锰酸钾对PFC具有强化混凝效果,可明显提高除藻率(94.5%).高铁酸钾较高锰酸钾预氧化对二甲基三硫醚的去除效果理想,且氧化时间大大缩短,高铁酸钾氧化时间1 min可去除92.5%二甲基三硫醚,高于高锰酸钾预氧化10 min后达到的去除率(74.6%).     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

Carbonyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfide fluxes in an urban lawn and adjacent bare soil in Guangzhou, China

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) fluxes from an urban Cynodon dactylon lawn and adjacent bare soil were measured during April–July 2005 in Guangzhou, China. Both the lawn and bare soil acted as sinks for COS and sources for DMS. The mean fluxes of COS and DMS in the lawn (–19.27 and 18.16 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively) were significantly higher than those in the bare soil (–9.89 and 9.35 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively). Fluxes of COS and DMS in mowed lawn were also higher than those in bare soils. Both COS and DMS fluxes showed diurnal variation with detectable but much lower values in the nighttime than in the daytime. COS fluxes were related significantly to temperature and the optimal temperature for COS uptake was 29°C. While positive linear correlations were found between DMS fluxes and temperature. COS fluxes increased linearly with ambient COS mixing ratios, and had a compensation point of 336 ppt.     

PAS-PDMDAAC复合混凝剂研究

以Al2（SO）4和PDMDAAC为原料进行了无机-有机复合絮凝剂的复合实验研制,确定其制备工艺条件,并对油田现场采集的钻井废水作絮凝沉降实验,所研制的PAS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂对COD的去除效率可大大提高.     

Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.     

乙酰胺低共熔离子液体吸收SO_2的研究

制备了3种乙酰胺-无机盐类低共熔离子液体,测定了其物理性质并将其应用于SO2气体的吸收。结果表明,这些低共熔离子液体具有和传统离子液体相似的性质,例如熔点低、粘度低、密度高、电导率高以及较宽的液态范围。此类离子液体对SO2气体有较好的吸收能力,而且吸收量和温度的关系满足二次多项式方程。红外光谱结果表明吸收是可逆的,回收的离子液体可高效重复使用至少5次。乙酰胺-硫氰酸钠(3∶1)对SO2的质量分数吸收量为0.554 g/g(20℃,1 atm),具有吸收量高、成本低和易回收的优势,是一个很有前景的SO2吸收剂。     

冬季东海、南黄海中DMS和DMSP浓度分布及影响因素研究

于2011年12月~2012年1月现场测定了东海、南黄海表层海水中二甲基硫(DMS)及其前体物质二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP分为溶解态DMSPd和颗粒态DMSPp)的含量,研究了它们的浓度分布规律及其影响因素,并对DMSPp的粒级分布和DMS的海-气通量进行了探讨.结果表明,表层海水中DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp的浓度分别在0.58~4.14、0.37~7.86和4.29~25.76 nmol·L-1之间,平均值分别为(2.20±0.82)、(2.12±1.66)和(11.98±6.23)nmol·L-1.DMS、DMSPp与叶绿素a(Chl-a)呈现明显的正相关关系,并且它们的周日变化趋势基本一致,说明浮游植物生物量是影响研究海域内DMS和DMSP生产分布的关键因素.另外,DMSPd浓度和总细菌丰度表现出一定的负相关,这可能是在细菌释放的DMSP裂解酶的作用下DMSPd会发生裂解生成DMS.研究发现,5~20μm的微型浮游植物是海区内Chl-a和DMSPp的主要贡献者.此外,冬季东海、南黄海表层海水DMS的海-气通量在0.61~25.52μmol·(m2·d)-1之间,平均值为(8.30±5.92)μmol·(m2·d)-1.