红球菌酰胺酶降解阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的亲和力分析

为探究酰胺酶降解阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）的微观机理，采用分子对接分别模拟了阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）或聚丙烯酸酯（PAA）结构模型与Rhodococcus sp. N-771酰胺酶（Rh Amidase）的结合，根据-CDOCKER＿Energy score值最高的原则，对获得最佳结合构象进行分析.基于亲和力虚拟突变进行丙氨酸（ALA）扫描.亲和力分析表明，Rh Amidase对HPAM-2的亲和力最高、最稳定，而Rh Amidase于PAA-2相互作用最小、结合最好.同时，该酶更倾向于降解短链的聚合物.相互作用分析表明，疏水相互作用是Rh Amidase-HPAM-2比Rh Amidase-PAA-2更稳定的主要原因.通过ALA扫描进一步得知，PHE146、ILE450、LYS96和GLY193是Rh Amidase降解HPAM-2的关键氨基酸残基.其中GLY193与HPAM-2形成的1个氢键对Rh Amidase-HPAM-2的亲和力影响最大.突变体ASP191ALA可以提高Rh Amidase对HPAM-2的酶活性，这些数据可为设计更高活性的Rh Amidase突变体提...     

环球扫描

壳牌计划每年投资10亿美元开发中国页岩气资源 中国被认为是世界上拥有最多非常规天然气的国家,贮藏在古代页岩中的天然气可用水力压裂法进行开采,这一技术近年在北美已发展得相当成熟。     

便携式GC/MS对空气中苯系物的定量分析方法研究

文章采用简单快速的采气袋配气方式,以苯系物为例,研究了便携式GC/MS对大气中痕量有机污染物的快速定量测定方法。分别在Full scan和建立的SIM扫描方式下对苯系物标准样品进行了测定。对比实验结果表明,Full scan和SIM两种扫描方式下苯系物测定结果的相对标准偏差分别在5.1%~28.4%和13%~19%之间,回收率范围分别为46%~186%和60%~110%,方法检出限范围分别为2.504~10.63μg/m3和0.494~2.399μg/m3。总体而言,SIM方式在测定结果的精密度与准确度上均优于Full scan方式。室内外空气样品的测试结果映证了SIM方式在对痕量有机污染物测定的优势。     

生物柴油的碳烟形貌及影响因素分析

使用热场发射扫描电子显微镜拍摄了5种生物柴油和0号柴油在常温常压状态下燃烧产生的碳烟照片,分析了碳烟粒子的形貌及影响形貌和生成量的因素。研究表明,碳烟粒子多呈球状,平均直径在35～75nm之间,粒径分布符合高斯分布,总体排列呈现链状或者块状;碳烟形貌及生成量与火焰温度、燃料的氧含量、芳香烃含量、硫含量以及十六烷值等因素有关,与柴油相比,生物柴油燃烧火焰温度高、含氧量高、芳香烃和硫含量少,十六烷值高,使生物柴油的碳烟粒径普遍较小,整体排列更紧密,粘结程度更强。     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

Biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in drip irrigation emitters distributing reclaimed wastewater

Using reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation is a practical alternative to discharge wastewater treatment plant effluents into surface waters.However,biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems distributing reclaimed wastewater.Little is known about the biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in the drip emitter flow path.This study was first to investigate the microbial characteristics of mature biofilms present in the emitters and the effect of flow path structures on the biofilm microbial communities.The analysis of biofilm matrix structure using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that particles in the matrix of the biofilm coupled extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and formed sediment in the emitter flow path.Analysis of biofilm mass including protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) showed that emitter flow path style influenced biofilm community structure and diversity.The correlations of biofilm biomass and discharge reduction after 360 h irrigation were computed and suggest that PFLAs provide the best correlation coefficient.Comparatively,the emitter with the unsymmetrical dentate structure and shorter flow path (Emitter C) had the best anti-clogging capability.By optimizing the dentate structure,the internal flow pattern within the flow path could be enhanced as an important method to control the biofilm within emitter flow path.This study established electron microscope techniques and biochemical microbial analysis methods that may provide a framework for future emitter biofilm studies.     

环球扫描

柴达木盆地将建成中国最大的并网太阳能电站;城市的清洁模式;中美能否在气候与能源问题上联手协作？;白宫环保到底有几多？;什么食物有助于环保？。     

环球扫描

大气中的烟尘幽灵;耐克低调推行环保;奥巴马够环保吗？中国多城市酝酿上调水价;绿领经济分级制度。     

全景扫描：循环经济在中国

发展循环经济是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径。自2005年以来,中国开展了循环经济示范试点工作,并在2009年组织了＂循环经济专家行＂活动,以期通过总结试点工作经验,提高循环经济技术和管理水平。