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Introduction: More than 800 pedestrians die annually in crashes on interstates and other freeways in the United States, but few studies have examined their characteristics. Method: Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System on pedestrians fatally injured during 2015–2017 were analyzed. Chi-square tests compared characteristics of pedestrians killed on interstates and other freeways with those that died on other roads, and across crash types among freeway deaths. Land use characteristics of locations where pedestrians were killed while crossing freeways in a large state (California) were identified using Google Earth. Results: A larger proportion of pedestrians killed on freeways died on dark and unlit roads (48% vs. 32%), were male (78% vs. 68%), or were ages 20–44 (55% vs. 32%) compared with pedestrians killed on other roads. Crossing (42%) was the most common crash type among pedestrian deaths on freeways, followed by disabled-vehicle-related crashes (18%). Pedestrians who died while crossing more often had blood alcohol concentrations ≥ 0.08 g/dL (40%) than those in disabled-vehicle-related (22%) or other crashes (34%). Deaths in crossing crashes were more likely than other freeway deaths to occur on urban roads (81%), at speed limits ≤50 mph (13%), or between 18:00 and 23:59 (49%), and 58% of crossing crashes analyzed for land use were located between residential and other (e.g., commercial, recreational) uses. Over a third (37%) of deaths in disabled-vehicle-related crashes occurred at speed limits ≥70 mph. Conclusions: A surprising proportion of pedestrian deaths occur on controlled-access roads not designed for walking. Countermeasures for these crashes need to be implemented to see meaningful reductions in pedestrian fatalities overall. Practical applications: Improving roadway and vehicle lighting, requiring reflective warning devices for marking disabled vehicles, constructing pedestrian overpasses and underpasses in areas frequently crossed, and promoting alternative means of traveling between residential and commercial areas could help. 相似文献
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文章基于蒲河水生态功能三级分区建设目标,对蒲河流域水生态特征和受控因素进行了解析,探讨了具有北方地域特征河流的水生态修复对策和途径,总结了河道污染控制与水质改善实用技术的研发方向和应用的前景,为突破城市河流水生态修复的瓶颈问题提供了依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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细河污染特征与整治对策的探讨 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
细河是伴随沈阳市铁西区老工业基地的发展而形成一条排污河流,2002年前污染非常严重,2002年后通过综合整治及仙女河污水处理厂和西部污水处理厂相继建成并投入使用,使大部分细河污水得到处理,但细河的污染问题仍不容乐观,本文通过细河纳污总量的核定、细河源头水的保护与利用、底质的清理与无害化处置、新污染控制与防范等措施使细河水质得到一个可持续的、良好的改善。 相似文献
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城市重污染河流污染特征与生态修复技术的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国城市和乡镇的快速发展以及污染控制基础设施建设的相对滞后,往往导致相关水系的严重污染和水生态修复所面临巨大的压力。针对具有代表性的城市重污染河流,对其污染特征、污染物迁移转化规律、河流自净功能改善与受控等进行了分析研究,结合"十一五"相关技术研发和示范工程建设成果,总结了城市重污染河流生态修复的有效途径。 相似文献