Characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China

To understand the pollution characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China, total suspended particulate(TSP) and PM10samples were collected in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan from December 2011 to January 2012, and heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Cr, and As were analyzed. It shows that the average TSP concentration in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were(183 ± 73),(201 ± 84) and(190 ± 66) μg/m3respectively, and the average PM10 were(171 ± 82),(178 ± 65) and(179 ± 55) μg/m3respectively. The lowest TSP and PM10concentrations occurred at the background Shaping site of Changsha. The average ratio of ρ(PM10)/ρ(TSP) was 91.9%, ranging from 81.3% to 98.9%. Concerning heavy metals, in TSP samples, the concentration of Cr, As, Cd and Pb were 28.8–56.5, 18.1–76.3, 3.9–26.1 and 148.0–460.9 ng/m3, respectively, while in PM10samples, were 16.4–42.1, 15.5–67.9, 3.3–22.2 and 127.9–389.3 ng/m3, respectively. The enrichment factor of Cd was the highest, followed by Pb and As, while that of Cr was the lowest.     

小城镇产业集群主要污染源筛查与影响分析

以郫县安德镇川菜产业园为研究对象,采用等标污染负荷法对污染影响进行了标准化评价。结果发现:川菜产业园主要的工业污染行业为豆制品加工行业,排污量为2 919.94 t/a,占总排污量的96.46%,等标污染负荷为9.83,占总污染负荷的92.83%,其中有6家企业为主要控制对象。对比分析发现,环境污染受企业规模、末端处理方式、废水排放量等多方面因素共同影响。所有污染因子中,BOD对环境的实质污染影响较大。该研究成果将为优化小城镇产业集群的规划、管理和污染物总量控制提供有价值的参考。     

区域分工与合作视角下区域产业同构问题及优化路径

区域间产业结构的同构与异构取决于在市场调节和宏观调控中生产要素的结构与流动特征,其特征量的相似性导致产业结构的同构,产业同构在一定时空条件下具有合意性。随着区域经济一体化进程的加快,其非合意性愈显突出。区域产业同构优化的本质动力在于生产要素结构及其流动特征量的变化,通过不同层级区域产业规划战略和区域间经济合作实现生产要素的合理组合与流动,以产业集群化之路实现区域产业结构的高级化,使区域产业结构朝着优化、持续方向发展。     

2015~2018年中国代表性城市PM2.5浓度的城乡差异

选取中国6大城市群中的11座代表性城市为研究区域,将监测站点划分为城区、郊区和乡村站,进而分析各城市间PM_2.5浓度的城乡差异规律.结果表明,同一城市群各城市之间,或同一城市的城区、郊区、乡村站间PM_2.5日变化皆较为相似.京津冀和长三角地区的城市城区PM_2.5浓度最高,高于郊区7.8%~9.7%,高于乡村11.3%~16.9%,而粤港澳大湾区和内陆城市群（成渝、长江中游、关中平原城市群）的城市郊区PM_2.5浓度最高,高于城区2.6%~11.2%,高于乡村16.7%~26.5%.各城市间城乡PM_2.5浓度差值的日变化规律不尽相同,可呈单峰（如上海）或双峰（如杭州）变化,极值可出现在白天（如广州）,亦可在夜间（如深圳）.PM_2.5的排放与传输扩散共同对11城市城乡PM_2.5浓度分布产生影响.     

Exploration of Science Parks

1 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE PARKSThe concept of science park originated in the US. Manyterms are used to describe science parks, such as researchpark, technology park, science centre, research centre,innovation centre, and with various combination of these(MacDonald, 1987). The first science park in the worldis Stanford Industrial Park established in 1951. In 1955,only seven companies were located in the park. By 1980there were ninety companies including Hewlett PackardCompany, whic…     

Geographic Analysis of Forest Health Indicators Using Spatial Scan Statistics

Geographically explicit analysis tools are needed to assess forest health indicators that are measured over large regions. Spatial scan statistics can be used to detect spatial or spatiotemporal clusters of forests representing hotspots of extreme indicator values. This paper demonstrates the approach through analyses of forest fragmentation indicators in the southeastern United States and insect and pathogen indicators in the Pacific Northwest United States. The scan statistic detected four spatial clusters of fragmented forest including a hotspot in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain region. Three recurring clusters of insect and pathogen occurrence were found in the Pacific Northwest. Spatial scan statistics are a powerful new tool that can be used to identify potential forest health problems.     

上海都市旅游业与现代服务业互动机制研究

以现代服务业与都市旅游业的相关性做为切入点,以上海为例,结合都市旅游的产品体系,分析了都市旅游业对现代服务业的动力作用,运用迈克尔.波特的“钻石体系”理论和相关产业族群理论,分析了现代服务业对都市旅游业的支援作用,提出了旅游业与现代服务业从产业融合到空间融合作用机理,然后从建立现代服务业集聚区、培育现代服务集团、培养复合型服务人才、加快现代服务业的支持政策等方面提出发挥旅游业与现代服务业互动作用的具体措施与思路。     

Probability of intellectual disability is associated with soil concentrations of arsenic and lead

Background

The association between metals in water and soil and adverse child neurologic outcomes has focused on the singular effect of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As). This study describes the complex association between soil concentrations of As combined with Pb and the probability of intellectual disability (ID) in children.

Methods

We used a retrospective cohort design with 3988 mother child pairs who were insured by Medicaid and lived during pregnancy and early childhood in South Carolina between 1/1/97 and 12/31/02. The children were followed until 6/1/08, using computerized service files, to identify the diagnosis of ID in medical records and verified by either school placement or disability service records. The soil was sampled using a uniform grid and analyzed for eight metals. The metal concentrations were interpolated using Bayesian Kriging to estimate concentration at individual residences.

Results

The probability of ID increased for increasing concentrations of As and Pb in the soil. The Odds Ratio for ID, for one unit change in As was 1.130 (95% confidence interval 1.048-1.218) for Pb was 1.002 (95% confidence interval 1.000-1.004). We identified effect modification for the infants based on their birth weight for gestational age status and only infants who were normal size for their gestational age had increased probability of ID based on the As and Pb soil concentrations (OR for As at normal weight for gestational age = 1.151 (95% CI: 1.061-1.249) and OR for Pb at normal for gestational age = 1.002 (95% CI: 1.002-1.004)). For normal weight for gestational age children when As = 22 mg kg⁻¹ and Pb = 200 mg kg⁻¹ the risk for ID was 11% and when As = 22 mg kg⁻¹and Pb = 400 mg kg⁻¹ the probability of ID was 65%.

Conclusion

The probability of ID is significantly associated with the interaction between Pb and As for normal weight for gestational age infants.     

Exploration of Science Parks

Abstract

Science parks have developed greatly in the world, whereas empirical researches have showed that science parks based on linear model cannot guarantee the creation of innovation. Hi-tech innovation is derived from flow and management of information. The commercial and social interactions between in-parks and off-park firms and research institutions act as the key determinant for innovation. Industrial clustering is the rational choice for further developing Chinese science parks and solving some problems such as the lack of clear major industries and strong innovation sense, etc.     

Fe-Mn-Ni-Si四元合金中辐照缺陷对辐照硬化的贡献

目的 研究Fe-Mn-Ni-Si四元合金在350℃下受到离子辐照后产生的辐照缺陷对于辐照硬化的贡献.方法 对辐照前后样品进行纳米压痕测试,获得硬度增量来衡量辐照硬化;再通过三维原子探针及透射电镜等表征手段,获得样品辐照后产生的团簇的数量密度、体积分数、团簇尺寸、位错环密度、位错环尺寸大小等微观结构信息;结合Disper...