210m钢筋混凝土烟囱控制爆破拆除数值模拟研究

通过采用LS-DYNA动力学有限元程序,模拟210 m钢筋混凝土烟囱的控制爆破拆除倒塌过程。采用数值模拟方法,不仅可以对控制爆破拆除工程中构筑物倾倒、破坏的重要影响因素进行分析,对有关理论研究结果的正确性和有效性进行验证,还能优化爆破拆除方案、预测实际爆破拆除效果,提高爆破拆除设计与施工的经济性、可靠性和安全性。     

Effects of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) on the Production of Poly(β-Hydroxybutyrate) by Azotobacter vinelandii UWD

Azotobacter vinelandii UWD, ATCC 53799, an engineered strain derived from Azotobacter vinelandii UW was used in the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modulated synthesis of poly(mg src="/content/m02g770820837260/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on modulating the production of PHB by amending the fermentation broth with PEG using A. vinelandii UWD. It was determined that A. vinelandii UWD is prone to back-mutation to the parent strain; hence fermentation experiments require the use of the antibiotic rifampicin. Diethylene glycol (DEG) and PEGs with molecular weights of 400, 2000, and 3400 Da and pentaerythritol ethoxylate (PEE) were used in the modulated fermentation experiments in a concentration of 2% (w/v). The molecular weight of the resulting polymers was reduced by up to 78%. No impact on the productivity of the strain was observed. Spectroscopic evidence showed that PEG-modulated synthesis resulted in the covalent attachment of the ethylene glycol moiety only when a small molecule, DEG, was used. PEGs had the same effects on the polymer formation in terms of molecular weight reduction as DEG, but no spectroscopic evidence was found for the formation of a covalent linkage between PHB and higher molecular weight PEGs.     

Synthesis and biodegradation of poly(γ-butyrolactone-co-l-lactide)

Biodegradable polyesters were synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of mg src="/content/q485p683m4k77564/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-butyrolactone (BL) and its derivatives withmall>lmall>-lactide (LLA). Although tetraphenyl tin was the main catalyst used, other organometallic catalysts were used as well.¹H and¹³C NMR spectra showed that poly(BL-co-LLA)s were statistical and that their number-average molecular weights were as high as 7×10⁴. The maximum BL content obtained from copolymerization BL/LLA was around 17%. TheT _m andT _g values of the copolymers showed a gradual depression with an increase in BL content. NoT _m was obtained for the copolymers containing more than 13 mol% BL. The biodegradability of the copolyesters was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis and nonenzymatic hydrolysis tests. The enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 37°C for 24 h using lipases fromRhizopus arrhizus andR. delemar. Hydrolyses by both lipases showed that an increase in BL content of the copolymer resulted in enhanced biodegradability. Nonenzymatic accelerated hydrolysis of copolymers at 70°C was found to increase proportionally to their exposure time. The hydrolysis rate of these copolymers was considerably faster than that of PLLA. The higher hydrolyzability was recorded for the BL-rich copolymers. The copolymerization of mg src="/content/q485p683m4k77564/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-methyl-mg src="/content/q485p683m4k77564/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-butyrolactone (MBL) or mg src="/content/q485p683m4k77564/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-ethyl-mg src="/content/q485p683m4k77564/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-butyrolactone (EBL) with LLA resulted in relatively LA-rich copolymers.     

有机污水磁处理实验研究

本文选择城镇生活污水与造纸废水、印染废水、橡胶业废水等几种典型工业废水以及医院污水为对象进行磁处理实验研究。结果表明有机污废水经磁处理以后，其ＣＯＤ指标都有不同程度的降低，由于成分不同，ＣＯＤ降幅不同，同时ＣＯＤ最大降幅所处的最佳磁强也不同。     

Soil Lead at Elementary Public Schools: Comparison Between School Properties and Residential Neighbourhoods of New Orleans

Soil studies, conducted in Maryland, Minnesota and Louisiana, have described the urban pattern of lead contamination. They have shown that the highest amounts of lead cluster within the interior of the largest cities. The results of the New Orleans urban patterns of distribution of soil lead provided the basis for further study. The hypothesis was tested that elementary school properties have the same pattern of soil lead contamination as their neighbouring residential communities. Thirty New Orleans Public Elementary Schools were selected for this study. Surface samples (2.5mg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8201.gif" alt="thinsp" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">cm or 1 inch depth) were collected from playgrounds and next to entrances of each school. Results showed that soil lead on school properties follows the same relative contamination patterns (pmg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">valuemg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8201.gif" alt="thinsp" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8804.gif" alt="le" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8201.gif" alt="thinsp" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">10^{–5}) as soil lead on residential properties of neighbouring communities. Schools however, have significantly lower lead contamination than the neighbouring residential properties. Innermg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">city school properties present a higher risk of soil lead exposure than mid and outermg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">city schools. Soils next to innermg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">city school entrances showed the highest lead, with 18.5% having concentrations over 400mg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8201.gif" alt="thinsp" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">gmg src="/content/m204x50p225654k7/xxlarge8201.gif" alt="thinsp" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">g^{–1}. Systematic landscaping around the school entrances would significantly reduce the hazard from lead dust contaminated soils.     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解水中微量溶解性间二甲苯

以高压汞灯为光源 ,采用浸涂 -烧结法制备的负载型纳米TiO2 作为光催化剂 ,通过对水中微量溶解性间二甲苯的光催化氧化过程的研究表明 ,初始浓度在 6 .6 8— 17.36mg/L的范围内 ,间二甲苯的光催化反应遵循表观一级反应动力学规律 ,反应的表观速率常数随溶液初始浓度的增大而减小 ,半衰期则随初始浓度的增大而增加 ,经 1.5h反应后 ,溶液中间二甲苯的去除率从 17.36mg/L的 5 4 .4 4 %增加到 6 .6 8mg/L的 75 .90 %。     

广州地区大气棕色碳气溶胶光吸收特性

2014年冬季在广州番禺站利用校正后的7波段黑碳仪数据,计算棕色碳(BrC)在不同波长的光吸收特性,并结合气溶胶及气体成分在线监测仪(MARGA)和在线OCEC分析仪同步观测数据,分析了BrC的来源.结果表明:BrC在370、470、520、590和660 nm处对光吸收的贡献随波长增大而变小,不同波段的贡献分别为25. 9%、19. 7%、14. 1%、11. 6%和7. 7%; BrC光吸收系数、水溶性钾离子(K~+)和有机碳(OC)浓度大致呈现日间低,夜间高的趋势,说明生物质燃烧产物对BrC的光吸收系数贡献很大,傍晚附近农村地区逐渐活跃的秸秆燃烧活动和夜间稳定的边界层也有利于污染物累积; BrC光吸收系数与OC的比值在午后出现低值,说明二次有机气溶胶和老化的气溶胶的吸光能力较弱.相关性分析表明,BrC光吸收系数与K+离子和OC浓度的相关性最高,BrC光吸收系数与硝酸根(NO_3~-)和铵根(NH_4~+)离子也具有较高的相关性.     

地壳元素铁的吸光贡献对黑碳吸光增强估算的影响——以武汉为例

传统方法使用固定的波长吸收指数来估算地壳元素或棕碳吸光,但该方法只能处理仅存在两种组分的情形(黑碳/棕碳,或黑碳/地壳元素)的吸光贡献,存在较大不确定性.为此,本文提出一种新的方法,利用武汉在线观测数据(2021年2、3、8、9月),采用铁作为地壳元素的示踪物,利用最小相关系数法(MRS)得出地壳元素的吸光贡献,在扣除地壳元素吸光之后,再得到黑碳吸光增强系数(E_abs).结果显示观测期间370nm波段地壳元素吸光贡献均值为12.3%,月均值范围5.7%~15.5%,且波长吸收指数与铁的浓度正相关,表明地壳元素吸光贡献不可忽视.地壳元素吸光贡献呈现出显著的季节特征,呈现出冬季低,春季高的特点.地壳元素吸光的分离前后计算的E_abs存在一定的差异,受到了黑碳和铁的相关性的影响.观测期间扣除地壳元素吸光后,E_abs均值为1.43±0.53,在季节性上呈现春夏高,秋冬低的特性,春季较高E_abs值与春季黑碳较高的老化程度有关.E_abs对无机盐和有机物的含量存在正的依赖关系,证明了这些包裹物质对吸光增强的影响.     

用溴化容量法测定间甲酚的含量

探讨了间甲酚含量的容量分析方法。通过试验确定了利用溴化容量法测定间甲酚含量的最佳分析条件：反应温度为18～30℃、溴化反应时间为8～10min、溴化反应的酸度为1．0～1．5mol／L、溴过量50％～100％。此法简便快速,精密度好,准确度高,对高浓度和低浓度的试样均能获得满意的结果,检出下限为0.5％(5mg／L)。     

Degradation of poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) and polyolefin blends in a municipal wastewater treatment facility

Six types of plastics and plastic blends, the latter composed at least partially of biodegradable material, were exposed to aerobically treated wastewater (activated sludge) to ascertain their biodegradability. In one study, duplicate samples of 6% starch in polypropylene, 12% starch in linear low-density polyethylene, 30% polycaprolactone in linear low-density polyethylene, and poly(mg src="/content/t04q6v5n0m722170/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/V), a microbially produced polyester, were exposed to activated sludge for 5 months, and changes in mass, molecular weight average, and tensile properties were measured. None of the blended material showed any sign of degradation. PHB/V, however, showed a considerable loss of mass and a significant loss of tensile strength. In a second study, PHB/V degraded rapidly, but another type of microbial polymer which forms a thermoplastic elastomer, poly(mg src="/content/t04q6v5n0m722170/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-hydroxyoctanoate), did not degrade. These results illustrate the potential for disposal and degradation of PHB/V in municipal wastewater.