单宁为模板制备纳米二氧化钛 及其对钍的吸附性能

以杨梅单宁(BT)为模板,水热法合成纳米二氧化钛(BT-NTO)。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM和TEM技术对BT-NTO的结构及形貌进行了表征。将BT-NTO用于吸附溶液中的Th~(4+),在溶液pH为3.5、温度为25℃、Th~(4+)初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L的条件下,BT-NTO对Th~(4+)的吸附量为0.905 8 mmol/g;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程;溶液中共存的Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、Yb~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Gd~(3+)、La~(3+)、Cl-、ClO4-离子对Th~(4+)吸附量影响较小;BT-NTO的重复使用性能较好。     

Construction of vesicle CdSe nano-semiconductors photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic activity: Enhanced photo induced carriers separation efficiency and mechanism insight

Visible-light-driven photocatalysis as a green technology has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential applications in environmental remediation. Vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor photocatalyst are successfully prepared by a gas template method and characterized by a variety of methods. The vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductors display enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride, the photodegradation rate of78.824% was achieved by vesicle Cd Se, which exhibited an increase of 31.779% compared to granular Cd Se. Such an exceptional photocatalytic capability can be attributed to the unique structure of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor with enhanced light absorption ability and excellent carrier transport capability. Meanwhile, the large surface area of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor can increase the contact probability between catalyst and target and provide more surface-active centers. The photocatalytic mechanisms are analyzed by active species quenching. It indicates that h+and UO_2~-are the main active species which play a major role in catalyzing environmental toxic pollutants. Simultaneously, the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor had high efficiency and stability.     

Novel eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent fabricated from Pickering middle internal phase emulsions for removal of Pb(II) and Cd (II)

Spherical porous materials prepared from the emulsion template used in the water treat-ment have displayed a vast prospect,as the high surface area,abundant porous structure,convenient operation and excellent adsorption performance.But the tedious fabrication process,high consumption of organic solvent and surfactant limited the application widely.Herein,a facile and eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent (SPA) is fabricated from the green surfactant-free (corn oil)-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (Pick-ering MIPEs) via the convenient ion crosslinking procedure.The Pickering MIPEs synergis-tically stabilized with the semi-coke (SC),which is the natural particle produced from the shale oil distillation,and sodium alginate (SA) has excellent storage and anti-coalescence stability.The as-prepared porous adsorbent possessed the abundant pore structure,which provided favorable conditions for effective mass transfer in adsorption,and could be tuned by varying the SA dosage.The saturation adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) can be achieved with 460.54 and 278.77 mg/g within 45 min at 25℃,respectively.Overall,this study supplied a viable and eco-friendly route for fabricating the spherical porous adsorbent with a tunable porous structure for heavy metal ion wastewater.     

纳米TiO_2纤维的制备及其光催化降解甲醛研究

以胶原纤维为模板制备纳米TiO2纤维用于光助催化降解甲醛气体,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和N2吸附-脱附技术对纳米TiO2纤维进行了表征。结果表明,纳米TiO2纤维的比表面积为11.33 m2/g,晶型为锐钛矿型。在相同催化反应条件下纳米TiO2纤维对甲醛气体的催化降解率与商品纳米TiO(2Degussa P25)催化剂相当。纳米TiO2纤维的用量、甲醛气体初始浓度是影响催化效果的两个因素。当甲醛气体初始浓度为0.270 mg/m3,相对湿度为38%,气体流速0.1 L/min,纳米TiO2纤维用量为1.0 g时,甲醛的降解率达到96%。因此,纳米TiO2纤维可用于室内甲醛气体的催化降解。     

沸石负载介孔TiO_2的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

以人工沸石为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备出了沸石负载介孔改性TiO2光催化剂。以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,研究了不同掺杂金属及介孔薄膜制备方法对纳米TiO2可见光催化性能的影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等手段研究了掺杂改性前后TiO2的变化。研究发现,N-Fe掺杂可使催化剂的光吸收谱带红移。当掺杂Fe的比为0.2%,焙烧温度为500℃时制备的TiO2效果最好,在可见光照射2 h后,亚甲基蓝的去除率可达90%。研究表明经十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为模板剂修饰后的TiO2催化效果有明显提高,通过将经过萃取去除模板剂的共掺TiO2和直接高温焙烧的TiO2对比后发现,前者比后者降解亚甲基蓝的效果要好,原因在于,高温直接焙烧去除模板剂很容易使模板剂形成的骨架塌陷,减小了比表面积,从而影响了其光催化性能。     

三维有序介孔铈钴铜催化剂的制备及其降解邻二甲苯的机制

以PMMA为模板,通过聚乙二醇(PEG400)和柠檬酸辅助的溶胶凝胶法制备三维有序介孔铈钴铜(3DOM 3C)催化剂,应用BET、SEM、XRD和XPS等对不同煅烧温度的3DOM 3C催化剂进行表征分析,研究了催化剂活性及其影响因素,并利用FT-IR和GC-MS对降解产物进行分析,推测出催化降解邻二甲苯的机理.结果表明,煅烧温度500℃时制备的3DOM 3C催化剂表面具有三维介孔结构,且分散均匀,表面的晶体氧化物最少,存在大量的Cu~(2+)、Ce~(3+)和表面氧,催化剂表面存在更多的固溶体、表面活性位点和氧空位,有利于提高催化活性.在邻二甲苯初始浓度600 ppm、空速16000 h~(-1)、50%O_2条件下,煅烧温度500℃时制备的3DOM 3C催化效果最佳,在260℃时,3DOM 3C催化剂对邻二甲苯的转化率达98%,T_(90)为250℃. 3DOM 3C对邻二甲苯的转化率随着初始浓度、空速和相对湿度的升高而呈下降趋势,随着O_2含量的增加而增加.气流中混入150 ppm的乙酸乙酯能够提高邻二甲苯的转化率,提高其低温催化性能.邻二甲苯催化反应后催化剂表面的O—H、■、C—H和金属—氧键都相应的减少,降解中间产物主要有邻甲基苯甲醛和邻甲基苯甲酸.邻二甲苯降解反应涉及Mars Van Krevelen机理(MVK),先被氧化成邻甲基苯甲醛,再进一步氧化成邻甲基苯甲酸,最终生成CO_2和H_2O.     

Synthesis of Molecular Imprinting Polymers Separating Toluic Acid Isomers (II)

Polymers that can separate toluic acid isomers were synthesized by molecular imprinting technique. Molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) for each isomer of toluic acids (TA) were synthesized using styrene and 4-vinylpyridine (4-Vpy). The adsorption characteristics of TA isomers, salicylic acid (SA), and benzoic acid (BA) on each MIP were investigated. The materials used for polymerization of TA isomers MIPs were adsorbed relatively well. This verifies that the MIPs which can adsorb template selectively were synthesized. In addition, the quantities of adsorbed TA isomers on the TA isomers MIPs and on the control polymer polymerized without template were compared and discussed. The variation of adsorption ability for MIPs with repeated use was investigated, showing excellent reproducibility.     

纳米刻蚀法制备氧化锰介孔材料及其降解高含盐废水中罗丹明B

为了有效去除高含盐废水中的有机染料污染物,利用有序介孔硅材料作为模板剂,通过硬模板法制备了新型锰系氧化物（MnO_x）介孔材料作为类Fenton催化剂.催化剂的结构表征结果表明,模板剂在锰前驱物溶液中浸渍和后续煅烧成型过程决定了氧化锰介孔材料的结构.浸渍-煅烧成型重复次数越多,MnO_x介孔材料中孔道结构的有序度和氧化锰的结晶度越好.浸渍-煅烧成型次数过少,MnO_x介孔材料中孔道呈现无序状态,比表面积较大但氧化锰结晶度不足;次数过多则形成更为致密的小孔径的孔道结构,从而使MnO_x介孔材料的比表面积减小.由于对罗丹明B（RhB）良好的选择性吸附能力和较多的Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺对,具有有序规则孔道的氧化锰介孔材料具有优异的类Fenton催化活性,对高含盐废水中RhB的5 h降解去除率最高可达90%左右.     

模板剂十二胺对胺改性HMS吸附CO2的影响

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源、十二胺为模板剂制备中孔硅HMS-1,采用焙烧和乙醇萃取的方法去除其模板剂,所得材料分别为HMS-2与HMS-3,并将四乙烯五胺（TEPA）与二乙醇胺（DEA）混合负载于3种材料上,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外（FTIR）与氮气吸附实验对材料进行表征,研究改性前后的HMS对常压下低浓度CO₂的吸附性能及再生能力.XRD与FTIR结果表明,TEPA与DEA已被成功负载到HMS孔道内.氮气吸附实验表明,保留模板剂和胺基改性后,材料的孔容显著降低.20℃下,初始浓度为10%的CO₂在材料上的吸附量顺序为：MA-HMS-1（3.29mmol/g） > MA-HMS-3（2.7mmol/g） > HMS-1（1.88mmol/g） > MA-HMS-2（1.65mmol/g） > HMS-2（1.33mmol/g）,模板剂的存在,不仅增加了CO₂的吸附位点,还对混合胺改性的HMS吸附CO₂起到了协同作用.在20~75℃范围内,MA-HMS-1与MA-HMS-3受温度影响最明显,65℃时吸附量达最大值;随着温度的升高,HMS-1的吸附量随温度升高持续降低;MA-HMS-2的吸附量基本不变.含胺基的4种材料（HMS-1、MA-HMS-1、MA-HMS-2与MA-HMS-3）在80℃下拥有优良的再生性能,经4次循环再生后,MA-HMS-1的再生率为97.5%,高于MA-HMS-2（83%）和MA-HMS-3（84%）,保留HMS的模板剂对材料的再生性能有明显促进作用.     

液压爬模在泰州大桥南塔施工中的安全控制

液压爬模具备自动爬升、操作简便、作业人员少、施工效率高、外观质量好等优点,其施工工艺和技术也比较成熟,在不少大中型工程建设项目中得到广泛应用。液压爬模的操作平台和爬升系统为一整体,液压驱动装置能实现整体均匀爬升,其安全性能有了明显提高。但液压爬模结构复杂且体积庞大,其安装、调位和脱模以及模板的收分等操作和使用环节的安全风险很大,容易出现模板坍塌、高处坠落、物体打击等事故,是施工中安全控制的重点。泰州大桥南塔工程引进了液压自动爬模系统来进行塔身浇注施工,施工中的安全控制措施取得了良好的效果。本研究将以泰州大桥南塔工程为背景,对液压爬模在塔柱施工过程中的危害因素进行分析并提出相应的控制措施,可供类似工程借鉴。