纳米级聚合氯化铝处理石化废水絮凝效果研究

采用自制的纳米级聚合氯化铝絮凝荆处理石大科技股份公司胜华炼油厂隔油池出水，以处理后水样的透光率作为混凝沉降效果的评价指标，并对絮凝剂投加量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间等影响混凝效果的因素进行了研究。试验表明，聚合氯化铝对石化废水的处理达到较为理想的效果，聚合氯化铝混凝处理石化废水的最佳条件为：纳米级聚合氯化铝投加量为15mg／L左右，慢速搅拌的搅拌速度为50～60rpm，快速搅拌的搅拌速度为190—225rpm，快速搅拌时间90s。慢速搅时间10min时效果最佳。使用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法及XRD对絮凝荆进行了表征，结果证实样品中Alb含量可达到85％左右。     

垃圾渗滤液组合工艺处理技术

针对垃圾渗滤液氨氮浓度高、COD浓度高、难降解物质含量高的特点,研究了MAP脱氮-生物处理-混凝组合工艺,考察了不同单元的作用及影响处理效果的因素。试验结果表明,高浓度的垃圾渗滤液经该优化组合工艺处理,污染物的去除率为COD97.5%、BOD599.2%、NH4-N87.2%、E26075.3%。除NH4-N外,其余指标均达到了生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准中规定的二级排放标准值。     

城市再生水生产工艺中典型紫外防晒剂的去除

随着紫外防晒剂在个人护理用品中的大量使用,其环境及健康风险效应开始得到人们的关注.采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(SPE-GC-MS)技术对天津某再生水厂不同处理单元中4种典型紫外防晒剂4-甲氧基肉桂酸-2-乙基己基酯(ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate,EHMC),羟苯甲酮(benzophenone-3,BP-3),3-(4-甲苯基亚甲基)-d-1-樟脑(4-methylbenzylidene,4-MBC),2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙酸-(2-乙基)己基酸(octocylene,OC)的分布及去除情况进行了检测.结果表明,污水处理厂二级出水中4种目标化合物的浓度范围在34ng·L-1￣2128ng·L-1之间;4种物质在夏秋季(7月和9月)的浓度普遍高于冬季(2月).污水处理厂二级出水中的这4种紫外防晒剂在经过混凝-絮凝处理、连续膜过滤和臭氧氧化处理后出水中的浓度呈下降趋势,总去除率为28.3%￣43.1%,其中臭氧氧化阶段对目标物的去除率最大(16%￣29%),而连续膜过滤阶段去除率最小(3.6%￣8.5%),混凝-絮凝阶段去除率介于2者之间(8%￣21%).由此可见,紫外防晒剂在再生水处理过程中并未得到完全去除,因此再生水的使用需经周密规划,以免对人体健康和生态环境造成威胁.     

混凝试验搅拌器的研制

影响混凝效果的因素众多,混凝沉淀烧杯试验是进行水的混合、絮凝、沉淀工艺研究、设计和生产指导的最有效方法之一,阐述了智能型混凝试验搅拌器的设计原理和技术性能.     

旋流扰流组合涡混合反应器的应用研究

基于水力旋流器和微涡旋理论而研制开发的旋流扰流组合涡混合反应器,能够提高能耗的有效利用率,增大粒子的碰撞、凝聚速率,降低药剂耗量,实现高效混凝。通过在大庆水厂的应用研究,组合涡混合反应器充分表现出经济技术上的优势,适合于老水厂的传统工艺改造。     

聚合氯化铝与传统混凝剂的凝聚—絮凝行为差异

本文综合阐述无机高分子絮凝剂与传统混凝剂在化学特征和凝聚－絮凝行为机理上的差异。ＰＡＣ的主要成分聚十三铝在预制条件下能大量生成。它们对水解反应有一定的稳定性，直接吸附有颗粒物表面，发挥强烈的电中和及粘结架桥作用，其流动电流，ζ电位，絮凝指数及凝聚－絮凝区域图等，均与传统混凝剂有很大不同，其计算模式应根据表面络合及表面沉淀原理建立。     

聚合铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂的絮凝性能及其吸附特性

为探讨聚合铝与有机高分子在复合絮凝作用过程中的相互作用,选取４种典型有机高分子絮凝剂,研究聚合铝与阳离子型有机高分子和阴离子型有机高分子复合后的凝聚絮凝特征及其吸附特性．结果表明,聚合铝与阳离子型有机高分子复合能够使其絮凝效能相互促进,而聚合铝与阴离子型有机高分子的复合只有在药剂投加量达到一定值时才能对絮凝效能起促进作用．阳离子型有机高分子引入聚合铝后,使聚合铝的吸附量降低,而阴离子型有机高分子的引入使聚合铝的吸附能力大大增强,吸附量显著提高     

聚合硫酸铝铁预处理垃圾渗滤液

采用聚合硫酸铝铁（PAFS）预处理垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度有机物，为后续的吸附环节及生物处理阶段创造良好的水质条件。试验结果表明，在低投加量的条件下，PAFS投加量在200mg／L、pH为8．0、沉淀时间为40min时，混凝效果最佳，CODcr的去除率可达37．5％。     

Flocculation behaviors of a novel papermaking sludge-based flocculant in practical printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

•PSBF performed better than PAC and PAM in CODCr removals. •PSBF was more insensitive to changing pH than PAC and PAM. •PAC could remove humic acid-like pollutants and dye particles. •PSBF was efficient in removing tryptophan-like pollutants from PPDW. •A secondary coagulation-flocculation process (PAC→PSBF) is proposed here. In our previous studies, several papermaking sludge-based flocculants (PSBFs) were synthesized from wood pulp papermaking sludge. The structure-activity relationships of the PSBFs have been investigated in simulated dye wastewater treatment, but their efficiencies in practical printing and dyeing wastewater (PPDW) treatment are unknown. Herein, an PSBF was prepared, and its performance is discussed in comparison to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) in PPDW treatment. The PSBF was used in three ways: as an independent flocculant, as a PAC aid, or used to treat the effluent of the PAC system. The results indicated that adding PSBF alone produced similar color and chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) removals as the PAC system alone, but PSBF performed better than PAC when the pH of PPDW was higher than 7.0. Adding PSBF as a PAC aid improved the color, COD_Cr and turbidity removals, but the elimination efficiencies were slightly lower than those of the PAC+ PAM system. However, when PSBF was used as a flocculant to treat the effluent of the PAC system (PAC→PSBF), the effluent qualities were enhanced. Compared with the PAC system, the color and COD_Cr removals of PAC→PSBF system increased by 16.21% and 13.26%, respectively. The excitation and emission matrix fluorescence results indicated that PSBF removed tryptophan-like pollutants more efficiently than PAC. Considering the pH requirements of the subsequent bioreactor treatment in practice, the PAC→PSBF system were also investigated at the PPDW pH level of 7.0. Its maximum removal efficiencies of color, COD_Cr and turbidity were 90.17%, 32.60% and 82.50%, respectively.     

改性高岭土对水源水的混凝消毒作用的研究

采用天然高岭土为原料 ,加入一定量的 Al2 O3、Si O2 和 Fe2 O3,经与 Na2 CO3、KCl O3混合 ,高温 (75 0～ 85 0℃ )固相反应约 3h后制得改性高岭土。本文研究了改性高岭土的不同 Al/ Si摩尔比、p H值和投加量对水源水的混凝絮凝除浊和杀菌效果的影响。结果表明 :改性高岭土在 p H值在 6 .5～ 8.5 ,对水源水的除浊消毒效果较好 ,Al/ Si摩尔比为 5 .0(Al∶ 10 .5 %、Si∶ 2 .1%、Fe∶ 3.8% ) ,剂量 2 0 0 ppm时 ,净化水的浊度 <2 .5 NTU,细菌菌落数 2 3个 / ml,总大肠菌群 <3个 / L ,均达到国家饮用水标准。 p H为 10 .5以上几乎无除浊效果