室内空气高浓度苯系物的蚕豆根尖遗传毒性研究

蚕豆根尖微核(micronucleus,MCN)检测技术是一项检测水环境致突性因素的成熟技术,该研究采用敏感的松滋青皮蚕豆为材料,在密闭容器中模拟室内空气的高浓度苯系物污染,对蚕豆根尖进行染毒,然后用显微镜观察蚕豆根尖细胞中的微核.通过对实验结果进行污染指数(PI)和t检验分析表明:在所有实验浓度下,苯、甲苯和二甲苯都对蚕豆根尖细胞产生了遗传毒害效应;对受试物质量浓度和微核率进行一元线性回归分析后得到线性方程,表明二者间存在线性关系.该实验结果还表明,利用蚕豆根尖微核检测技术检测室内空气中较高浓度的苯系物污染是完全可行的.      

Genotoxicity evaluation of surface waters located in urban area of Xi’an City using Vicia faba bioassays

In this study, micronucleus （MCN） and chromosome aberration （CA） tests in Vicia faba root tip cells were carried out in order to assess the water quality and the comprehensive genotoxic potential of surface waters located in the urban area of Xi＇an City, China. For these evaluations, water samples from different surface waters （four rivers, two lakes, two biological treatment plant effluents） were collected, the ultra-pure water and methyl methanesulfonate solution was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. In our results, highly significant differences in MCN perrnillage （average number of micronuclei per 1000 cells）, CA frequencies and PI （pollution index） values were found among three rivers and two WWTP effluents, the tested samples from two rivers caused the decrease of mitotic index over 22% compared with the negative control. No significant changes were observed in micronuclei and chromosome aberrations frequencies at one river and two lakes during the period of test （wet season）. These results point out a poor state of the water quality and genotoxic activity of the main surface waters in Xi＇an City. It is recommended to establish a monitoring program for the presence of genotoxic agents in these surface waters.     

微核技术在垃圾场周围水环境污染状况监测中的应用

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对成都市长安垃圾场周围水环境进行生态监测,用蚕豆根尖细胞测定各采样点水样的微核率(MCN)及污染指数(IP),并进行F检验.结果显示,各样点的微核率有显著性差异.在9个采样点中有6个的污染指数在2以上,其中属重度污染区有2个,中度污染区有4个,和对照组相比差异非常显著(p＜0.01).表明垃圾场周围水环境受到了不同程度的污染.     

辽河流域水诱发蚕豆根尖细胞遗传损伤的研究

以辽河流域12个不同断面的河水为诱变剂,运用蚕豆根尖微核检测技术和染色体畸变实验方法,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、微核率和染色体畸变率。结果表明:不同断面的河水均能降低蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数,能诱发较高频率的微核和染色体畸变,产生染色体断片、核突起和核碎裂。所有样点微核率和染色体畸变率均高于对照组。根据采样点水质污染指数分析可知,福德店水质属重度污染,东辽河、条子河、红庙子水质属中度污染,招苏台河水质属轻度污染。     

焦化废水对蚕豆毒性的研究

以COD作为主要参照指标，研究了焦化废水在符合《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》（GB13456-92）焦化一级、二级排放标准限值要求时，对蚕豆幼芽、幼根生长和根尖细胞遗传损伤的影响。结果表明，经处理达标后的焦化废水长时间作用于蚕豆时，蚕豆幼芽和幼根质量会受到影响，焦化废水会引起蚕豆细胞的遗传损伤。该废水诱导蚕豆根尖细胞微核率增加，出现核固缩，诱导蚕豆细胞根尖染色体断裂、粘连和染色体桥数量增加，破坏染色体的结构和遗传稳定性。