SPE-HPLC法测定水中硝基苯酚类化合物

建立了以固相萃取为前处理条件,用液相色谱法测定水中10种硝基苯酚类化合物的分析方法。实验使用HLB(6 L/150 g)固相萃取柱富集水样中的目标化合物,二氯甲烷与乙酸乙酯体积比1:2的混合溶剂洗脱,采用Phenyl柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)分离目标化合物,以乙腈(1%甲酸)/水(1%甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测。10种硝基苯酚类物质在0.02~10 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性。方法检出限为0.1~0.3 μg/L,水样加标相对标准偏差为5.19%~18.2%,平均加标回收率为49.8%~124%。该方法适用于水中10种硝基苯酚类化合物的测定。     

Burkholderia sp.FDS-1降解硝基苯酚类化合物的特性研究

从长期受农药污染的土壤中分离到1株高效杀螟硫磷降解菌株Burkholderia sp.FDS^-1,它能以3-甲基-4-硝基苯酚(MNP)为唯一碳源和氮源进行生长.该菌能在9h内将0.6mmol.L-1MNP完全转化成邻甲基对苯二酚(MHQ),并能继续降解MHQ.该菌降解MNP的最适温度和pH分别为30℃和7.0,菌株降解MNP的速率和起始接种量呈正相关.降解MNP的酶为诱导酶.     

纳米TiO2光催化降解硝基酚类污染物动力学及机理的研究

采用纳米TiO₂(P25)粉末作为催化剂,研究了几种典型硝基取代酚在TiO₂/UV悬浮体系下的光催化降解。研究表明，这些化合物的降解过程符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程，其表观速率常数(k_app)的大小为：2-氨基-4硝基酚（2-A,4-NP）＞4-硝基酚（4-NP）＞2-硝基酚（2-NP）＞3-硝基酚（3-NP）＞2,4-二硝基酚（2,4-DNP）＞2,4,6-三硝基酚（2,4,6-TNP），而吸附平衡常数(KL)却与k_app成反比。苯环上取代基的种类和数目对有机物光催化降解活性有很大的影响，硝基的加入降低了光催化活性，并且k_app与Hammett常数（σ）具有较好的线性关系。     

以葡萄糖为共基质硝基酚厌氧生物降解性试验研究

在35℃中温厌氧条件下,以葡萄糖为共基质,采用间歇试验法,通过测定甲烷累积产量,研究了2-硝基酚、4-硝基酚、2,4-二硝基酚和2,6-二硝基酚的厌氧生物降解性,利用相对活性值来判断硝基酚对产甲烷菌的抑制程度.研究结果表明:2-硝基酚浓度小于24mg/L时,对产甲烷菌没有产生抑制作用;4-硝基酚浓度小于20mg/L时,对产甲烷菌没有产生抑制作用,浓度为24mg/L时产生轻度抑制;2,6-二硝基酚浓度小于12mg/L时未产生抑制作用,浓度为16mg/L～24mg/L时产生轻度抑制;2,4-二硝基酚浓度小于4mg/L时没有产生抑制作用,浓度为8mg/L～24mg/L时产生中度抑制.4种物质对产甲烷菌活性的抑制由小到大的排列顺序为:2-硝基酚＜4-硝基酚＜2,6-二硝基酚＜2,4-二硝基酚.     

Direct photolysis of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions

The direct photolysis of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions irradiated by polychromatic light were investigated. Several aromatic intermediates were identified as three nitrophenol isomers, nitrohydroquinone, nitrosobenzene, nitrocatechol, catechol and phenol. Nitrite and nitrate ions were also detected in the irradiated solution indicating direct photolysis of nitrobenzene or nitrophenols. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols and the formation of three nitrophenol isomers were observed to follow zero-order kinetics. The quantum yields for nitrobenzene and nitrophenols removal are about 10^-3 and 10^-3—10^-4 respectively. The mechanism for nitrobenzene degradation was suggested to follow mainly nitro-nitrite intramolecular arrangement.     

Photodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H2O2 process

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions by means of UV/H2 O2 process was studied in the Rayox batch reactors. Three nitrophenol isomers were identified as main photoproducts in the irradiated NB aqueous solutions. The distribution of nitrophenol isomers follows the order p-〉 m-〉 o-nitrophenol. Other intermediates detected include nitrohydroquinone, nitrocatechol, catechol, benzoquinone, phenol, nitrate/nitrite ions, formic acid, glyoxylic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid and some aliphatic ketones and aldehydes. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols at initial stages follows the first-order kinetics and the decay rate constants for nitrobenzene（NB） are around l0^-3-10^-2 s^-1 and for nitrophenols are around 10^-2 s^-1. The decomposition of H2 O2 in the presence of NB and each nitrophenol isomers follows zero-order kinetics. The quantum yields at initial stages for NB decay were estimated around 0.30 to 0.36, and for NPs decay is around 0.31-0.54.     

南京北郊大气细粒子硝基苯酚类化合物污染特征与来源

硝基苯酚类化合物是大气中普遍存在的一类含氮有机物,也是大气吸光性有机物(即棕色碳)的重要组成部分,对气候变化、空气质量和人体健康都具有重要影响.自2019年3月至2020年1月于南京北郊地区采集了共265个大气细粒子(PM2.5)日样品,并利用超高效液相色谱质谱联用仪(UHPLC-MS)定量分析样品中的8种硝基苯酚类化...     

ACUTE TOXICITY OF PICRIC ACID AND PICRAMIC ACID TO RAINBOW TROUT,SALMO GAIRDNERI,AND AMERICAN OYSTER,CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA1

ABSTRACT Picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and picramic acid (2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol) are potential water pollutents due to a variety of industrial and munition uses. The possible impacts of picric and picramic acid to two recreationally and commercially important species, rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and American oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were evaluated. Picramic acid was more toxic than picric acid to both species tested. The 96-h LC50s for picric and picramic acids for rainbow trout were 109.6 and 46.2 mg/1, respectively. The 144-h LC50s for picric and picramic acid for American oysters were 254.9 and 69.8 mg/1, respectively. Sublethal no growth EC50s and shell deposition EC50s for oysters showed that both compounds caused adverse effects at much lower concentrations than indicated by the LC50s. For example, the 144-h shell deposition EC50s were 27.9 mg/1 for picric acid and 5.6 mg/1 for picramic acid. Sediment adsorbtion studies in estuarine water indicated that both compounds are not readily adsorbed which suggests that sediment would not play a major role as a sink in contaminated systems. Oysters, which filter large quantities of particulate matter, would more likely be affected by picric and picramic acids in the water column than by exposure to contaminated sediment.     

以有机酸为共基质硝基酚厌氧生物降解性研究

在中温厌氧消化条件下 ,以有机酸 (乙酸与丙酸的混合酸 )为共基质 ,通过测定甲烷累积产量 ,研究了 2 硝基酚、2 ,4 二硝基酚的厌氧生物降解性。试验条件为 :温度 35℃ ,COD 110 0～ 12 0 0mg/L ,pH 7 0～ 7 5 ,COD/VSS为 0 1,接种污泥未驯化 ,其产甲烷活性CH4/VSS为 195mL/g。研究结果表明 ,在所选的浓度范围内 (≤ 4 4mg/L) ,2 硝基酚对产甲烷过程没有产生抑制作用 ;2 ,4 二硝基酚是抑制性较强的物质 ,浓度为 12～ 2 0mg/L时产生中度抑制 ,大于 2 8mg/L时产生重度抑制     

聚乙烯毗咯烷酮修饰碳糊电极溶出伏安法测定水中硝基酚

提出用聚乙烯毗咯烷酮（ＰＶＰｒ）修饰碳糊电极同时测定水中对硝基酸和２,４－二硝基酚的方法。在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ的酚试液中开路富集,然后在磷酸盐缓冲液介质中溶出．以微分脉冲伏安法恻定,检测限分别为０．５０μｇ／Ｌ和１．８０μｇ／Ｌ。讨论了测定的影响因素以及２种硝基酚在该修饰电极上的反应机理。测定了地面水中对硝基酸和２,４－二硝基酸的含量,回收率分别为９０±６％和８６±５％。