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11.
期权理论在排污权初始分配中的应用 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
排污权交易是当前总量控制目标下最具潜力的环境政策,它兼有环境质量保障和成本效率优化的特点.在对国内外排污权交易和初始分配充分考察的基础上,提出了在排污权初次分配中引入期权机制的尝试,并对这种方法的理论基础作了分析和讨论. 相似文献
12.
CARMEL L. WITTE§ MICHAEL J. SREDL† REW S. KANE§‡ LAURA L. HUNGERFORD†† 《Conservation biology》2008,22(2):375-383
Abstract: We examined factors that may independently or synergistically contribute to amphibian population declines. We used epidemiologic case–control methodology to sample and analyze a large database developed and maintained by the Arizona Game and Fish Department that describes historical and currently known ranid frog localities in Arizona, U.S.A. Sites with historical documentation of target ranid species ( n = 324) were evaluated to identify locations where frogs had disappeared during the study period (case sites) and locations where frog populations persisted (control sites). Between 1986 and 2003, 117 (36%) of the 324 sites became case sites, of which 105 were used in the analyses. An equal number of control sites were sampled to control for the effects of time. Risk factors, or predictor variables, were defined from environmental data summarized during site surveys and geographic information system data layers. We evaluated risk factors with univariate and multifactorial logistic-regression analyses to derive odds ratios (OR). Odds for local population disappearance were significantly related to 4 factors in the multifactorial model. Disappearance of frog populations increased with increasing elevation (OR = 2.7 for every 500 m, p < 0.01). Sites where disappearances occurred were 4.3 times more likely to have other nearby sites that also experienced disappearances (OR = 4.3, p < 0.01), whereas the odds of disappearance were 6.7 times less (OR = 0.15, p < 0.01) when there was a source population nearby. Sites with disappearances were 2.6 times more likely to have introduced crayfish than were control sites (OR = 2.6, p = 0.04). The identification of factors associated with frog disappearances increases understanding of declines occurring in natural populations and aids in conservation efforts to reestablish and protect native ranids by identifying and prioritizing implicated threats. 相似文献
13.
Xiang Laisheng Guo Yajun Li Zhanfang . School of Management Northeastern University Shenyang Liaoning China . Development Research Center of Liaoning People’s Government Shenyang Liaoning China 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2007,5(2):49-52
In the high technology industry, small and medium sized technology enterprises (SMSTEs) play a pivotal role in advancing the whole industry. To achieve sustainable development, they need to extend their scope of business activities beyond a national view and exploit international market actively to meet international competitions that increase quickly in the form of allocating resources within the scope of the world. However, the SMSTEs are also facing risks associated with themselves during the process of exploiting international market owing to their own restrictions, so what they should do is to consider risk evaluations in exploiting the international market. 相似文献
14.
Li Hongxin Electronic Commerce Institute Dongbei University of Finance & Economics Dalian China 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2004,2(3)
According to the United Nations population projections, the population of the elderly is expected to roughly triple in China from 2000 to 2050, particularly when the generations who were born between the 1950s and 1970s move through the age structure, and also because people are living longer and fertility rates have fallen, population aging is expected to put pressure on government's fiscal balance through higher old-age security benefits and health-care expenditures. This work draws together the broad range of elements involved within a consistent framework, based on a computable dynamic general equilibrium model with an overlapping generation structure. Further analysis using model simulation illustrates that the alternative schemes for the benefit rate, retirement age and technological progress are likely to be beneficial, and that an obvious slow-down in the growth of living standards is likely to be avoided. 相似文献
15.
Cultural heritage is being addressed by a number of charters and conventions and it is clear that its consideration within decision-making processes is progressively becoming a real challenge, both for developers and public authorities. Against this background, this paper reviews the environmental assessment framework developed by the European Community, as this should increasingly influence decision making about cultural heritage in an urban setting. The legislative framework for access to environmental information is also reviewed because of its relevance to the decision-making process.The Directives on Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment both require a consideration of cultural heritage in decision making. This requirement can go some way to addressing the paradox in the European Community's position whereby the community wishes to conserve and enhance its own cultural identity whilst, at the same time, cultural heritage is usually defined at a local level. The present paper suggests that, given their flexibility, the two European Community directives on environmental assessment constitute a promising opportunity to address this seeming paradox, but that there is a significant gap between legal obligations and the methodological tools to meet them. 相似文献
16.
企业开展HSE危害识别及风险评估的现状与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
韩达 《安全.健康和环境》2003,3(7):22-24
结合本单位建立与实施HSE管理体系实际,分析了企业开展危害识别与风险评估中常见的问题,提出了解决问题的初步方法。 相似文献
17.
Russian Journal of Ecology - 相似文献
18.
广州轨道交通三号线高速行驶条件下对安全限界的影响研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
给出了轨道交通车辆横向偏移量的计算方法 ,并应用列车 -线路动力耦合模型 ,分析了广州地铁三号线的安全限界变化问题。确定了当前按 80km/h行车速度设计的建筑限界能满足 13 0km/h行车速度的要求 ,限界尺寸不需改动可保证列车运行安全平稳 相似文献
19.
生态系统服务功能及其价值核算 总被引:20,自引:4,他引:16
生态系统服务功能是指生态系统服务与生态系统功能的综合,指生态系统与生态过程所形成及所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用,生态系统服务功能对于人类生存发展具有重要的价值,应该在社会经济体系中得以体现,本文探讨了生态系统服务功能的类型,价值核算方法与理论及其应用研究在完善国民经济核算体系、促进可持续发展等方面的重要意义,并对今后发展进行了展望。 相似文献
20.
黄河流域水资源价值的计算与分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用经济杠杆的调节作用促使水资源的高效利用,是缓和水资源供需矛盾的有效措施之一。本文以水资源价值理论为基础,从黄河全流域水资源优化配置角度出发,以利用水资源获得最大经济效益为目标,测算了黄河水资源的理论价值,为制定黄河水资源费的征收标准提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献