清除废气中VOCs的流向变换催化燃烧技术进展

一、引言 环境恶化严重地威胁人类的生存和社会的可持续发展,是当前全世界共同面临的一个重大问题.作为空气污染的主要来源之一,易挥发有机物(VOCs)不仅是一次污染源而且还可能造成光化学烟雾等二次污染[1].因此,控制大气中挥发性有机物非常重要.美国1990年开始实施的清洁空气法修正案要求在其后的九年内使大气中有毒化学品的排放量减少90%,其中70%为易挥发有机物(VOCs),其他发达国家也都围绕改善生态环境和有效利用资源的战略性要求采取了相应的措施.尤其是投入了大量的人力、物力,致力于控制空气中挥发性有机物含量新技术的研究和开发o     

挥发性有机化合物的污染与防治

挥发性有机化合物（ＶＯＣ）对环境污染及治理是当前国际环保热点之一，本文对ＶＯＣ污染大气及其机制作了论述，并介绍了《ＶＯＣ跨国大气污染议定书》的主要内容。ＶＯＣ的防治对策主要为开发与采用代用品，加强生产管理和使用管理，回收再生，分解等，文中对其效率及经济性进行了比较。     

高架源大气SO2水平扩散参数的遥测研究

应用加拿大ＣＯＳＰＥＶ Ｖ型相关光谱仪遥测高架源烟羽ＳＯ２浓度剖面，测定烟羽高度处的风向，对Ｅｕｌｅｒｉａｎ平均剖面数据处理及计算σｙ进行了探讨，并用以验证Ｂｒｉｇｇｓ模式，为实测大气扩散参数提供了新的科学方法。     

鞍山市大气中挥发性有机物的污染特征研究

对鞍山市不同功能区(工业区、工业区附近、居住区和对照区)的大气进行分季节(夏、冬季)采样,分析该市大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染水平和季节变化特征.结果表明,夏、冬季的大气中的VOCs浓度变化差异显著,总体来说夏季大气中的VOCs浓度高于冬季;夏季大气中苯系物、挥发性卤代烃浓度分别是冬季的1.1～2.7、1.4～...     

大气降尘中水溶性有机物组成与含量的研究

本文为了研究各个地区大气降尘中水溶性有机物的组成与含量,从离地表２０ 米处的电网绝缘子表面采集九个大气降尘样品,对其水溶性部分用有机溶剂进行有机物的分离萃取,求出有机物的含量,采用ＸＲＰＤ 进行物相鉴定,确定有机物的组成可分为有机酸、有机酸钾盐、有机碱·盐酸盐加合物,尿素与尿素·硝酸盐加合物等四类,并对其影响ＣａＳＯ４·２Ｈ２Ｏ 的溶解度进行一系列实验,结果表明这四类有机物对ＣａＳＯ４·２Ｈ２Ｏ 溶解度的提高均有显著影响,可提高４０ ％ － ６０ ％ ,与实际降尘样品中其溶解度平均提高５０ ％ 左右相一致。由于大气降尘中普遍存在来自土壤与燃煤飞灰所排放的ＣａＳＯ４·２Ｈ２Ｏ,研究有机物的组成与含量,这对了解局部地区环境酸化（ 湿沉降） 有其重要性。     

空气喷射处理饱和土壤和地下水中有机污染物

空气喷射 (airsparging)被认为是修复由可挥发性有机物污染的饱和土壤和地下水的一种有效新技术。介绍了空气喷射技术的现场应用与研究现状 ,讨论了空气喷射技术的原理和各种影响因素 ,说明了其对于饱和土壤中有氧生物降解的促进作用 ,分析了空气喷射技术的应用前景。     

车内空气挥发性有机物的检测与限值建议

汽车已经成为现代人类生活的必需品,汽车车内空气质量问题已日益引起关注.检测了50辆汽车车内空气中挥发性有机物的组分与浓度,结果显示,总挥发性有机物质量浓度在690～10 610 μg/m3,均超过<民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范>(GB 50325～2001(2006版))限值(500μg/m3).并对车内空气污染物检测指标及限值提出了建议.     

空气喷射处理饱和土壤和地下水中有机污染物

空气喷射(air sparging)被认为是修复由可挥发性有机物污染的饱和土壤和地下水的一种有效新技术。介绍了空气喷射技术的现场应用与研究现状，讨论了空气喷射技术的原理和各种影响因素，说明了其对于饱和土壤中有氧生物降解的促进作用，分析了空气喷射技术的应用前景。     

台州不同功能区秋季挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析

于2020年秋季对台州不同功能区大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行在线监测，分析了VOCs浓度水平和组成特征；利用O₃生成潜势(OFP)评估了VOCs对O₃污染的影响；运用正定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)解析VOCs的主要来源。结果表明，台州5个监测站点总挥发性有机物(TVOC)体积分数日均值在30.0×10^-9～52.9×10^-9,均以烷烃和含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)为主；VOCs来源主要包括机动车尾气源、工业排放源、燃烧源、油品挥发源、溶剂使用源和植物源，其对VOCs的贡献率分别为27.42%、19.37%、17.36%、17.25%、11.18%、7.41%,其中城区和郊区机动车尾气源的贡献最大，而工业园区则是工业排放源贡献最大；对OFP贡献最大的源类是溶剂使用源(贡献率31.12%),其次是工业排放源、机动车尾气源、油品挥发源、燃烧源，贡献率分别为20.69%、16.37%、15.70%、10.99%,植物源对OFP贡献率最低，仅为5.13%。台州城区和郊区需重点关注溶剂使用源管控，工业园...     

车内空气中挥发性有机物的研究

采用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用法对4辆处于静止状态下的车辆内部空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了研究,共定性检出了48种有机物,其中C6~C9之间的组分较多;并对VOCs的总浓度进行了定量,1#~4#车分别为1846、2289、1104和3146μg/m3;其中BTEX占VOCs总量的20%~30%;车内VOCs浓度与温度及车辆使用年限密切相关。     

超临界水氧化有机废水动力学分析

根据推流式超临界水氧化 (SCWO)反应器处理有机废水的动力学方程式 ,结合近年来超临界水氧化降解各种有机废水的实验研究情况 ,对超临界水氧化有机废水的反应动力学影响因素进行了综合分析 ,同时指出了该技术在有机废水处理中的应用优势和存在问题。     

非定态SO2制酸工艺在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用

介绍了非定态SO2制酸工艺的特点、流程及其在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用效果.该工艺具有良好的社会效益、环境效益和较好的经济效益,具有较高的推广应用价值.     

Economic Study of the Tunable Electron Beam Plasma Reactor for Volatile Organic Compound Treatment

ABSTRACT

A tunable electron beam generated plasma system has been developed for selective cold plasma treatment of dilute concentrations (1-3,000 ppm range) of hazardous compounds in gaseous waste treatment. This system, referred to as the Tunable Hybrid Plasma (THP), has shown a high degree of efficiency and effectiveness in both laboratory and field tests. Decomposition energy requirements are in the 100 eV per molecule range for treatment of carbon tetrachloride and 10 eV for treatment of trichloroethylene.

A cost comparison has been made between the Tunable Hybrid Plasma (THP) technology and three conventional technologies used for emission control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs): granular activated carbon, thermal incineration, and catalytic oxidation. In addition to its environmentally attractive features, THP technology has the potential to be lower cost than other technologies over a range of concentrations and flow rates. Cost projections for the THP system for decomposition of trichloroet-hylene are around 50 cents/lb for initial concentrations in the few hundred ppm range and flow rates of 5,000 cfm or greater and around $1/lb for 1,000 cfm flow rates. Cost projections for carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethane decomposition using the THP technology are several dollars per pound. The costs for THP treatment are generally significantly lower than costs for use of granular activated carbon and are also quite competitive with costs for thermal incineration and catalytic oxidation.     

A study of surface ozone and the relation to complex wind flow in Hong Kong

Ozone measurements made from 5 sites in Hong Kong have been analyzed, including those from one upwind, one downwind, and three urban locales. The data are analyzed in terms of the seasonal and diurnal trends. A subset of data in autumn is further analyzed to study the relationship between the ozone spatial pattern and wind flow as well as other meteorological parameters. The results show that averaged ozone levels at most sites exhibit maxima in autumn, which appears to be a unique feature for eastern Asia. On average the daily maximum 1-h concentrations are found to be higher in the western (normally downwind) site than those on the eastern side and in urban areas. Examination of surface wind patterns and other meteorological parameters suggest that elevated ozone concentrations on the western side occur during the days with intense solar radiation, light winds, and in the presence of a unique wind circulation. The wind reversal in the western parts under the “convergence” flow is believed to be an important cause of the high-ozone events observed there. Such wind flow may re-circulate/transport nearby urban plumes (in this case the Hong Kong–Shenzhen urban complex). Examination of chemical data from the western site has shown that averaged afternoon SO₂ to NO_x ratios on days with wind reversal are larger than those of typical urban Hong Kong and that a significant SO₂ enhancement was clearly indicated on several occasions. The SO₂ enhancement may be interpreted as being the evidence to suggest the contribution of regional sources and/or Hong Kong’s power plants (both containing high SO₂). A case study has shown that when moderately strong northwesterly wind prevails, elevated ozone and SO₂ can be transported to western Hong Kong from the inner Pearl Delta region. This study has also indicated that under the impact of ENE winds the eastern side of Hong Kong is not frequently affected by the re-circulating ozone plumes present in the western side.     

电除尘器气流分布与粉尘沉降规律试验研究

简要介绍了斜气流技术机理,进行了均匀气流和斜气流状态下的粉尘沉降试验.通过试验数据分析,总结出了电除尘器内部两种气流分布状态下的粉尘沉降规律,指出斜气流技术的应用在提高除尘效率方面具有重大意义,并为斜气流技术的应用提出了一些建议.     

固体废弃物轮胎的热解技术

综述了国内外对废轮胎的处理状况，并详细地讨论了废轮胎热解技术的发展、分类以及典型工艺流程。热解技术主要包括油化技术、气化技术和炭化技术三种，并可制得衍生油、燃料气、碳黑等产品。分析了废轮胎热解工艺存在的问题，指出了如何开发环境友好的集成工艺是废轮胎热解工艺的发展方向。     

流体流动状态对超滤效率及膜污染的影响

超滤技术作为膜分离技术的一种,由于具有效率高、能耗低等优点已经被多种行业广泛应用.但是,浓差极化和膜污染却极大降低膜分离效率,成为制约膜分离技术推广应用的重要因素.解决和减轻浓差极化和膜污染的方法有很多,本文着重于流体流动状态对浓差极化和膜污染的影响进行了论述.     

Effect of flow distributors on uniformity of velocity profile in a baghouse

In recent years, the utility industry has turned to baghouses as an alternative technology for particulate emission control from pulverized-coal-fired power plants. One of the more significant issues is to improve poor gas distribution that causes bag failures in baghouse operation. Bag failures during operation are almost impossible to prevent, but proper flow design can help in their prevention. This study investigated vertical velocity profiles below the bags in a baghouse (the hopper region) to determine whether flow could be improved with the installation of flow distributors in the hopper region. Three types of flow distributors were used to improve flow distribution and were compared with the original baghouse without flow distributors. Velocity profiles were measured by a hot-wire anemometer at an inlet velocity of 18 m/sec. Uniformity of flow distribution was calculated by the uniformity value U for the velocity profile of each flow distributor. Experimental results showed that the velocity profile of the empty configuration (without flow distributors) was poor because the uniformity value was 2.048. The uniformity values of type 1 (flow distributor with three vertical vanes), type 2 (flow distributor with one vertical and one inclined vane), and type 3 (flow distributor with two inclined vanes) configurations were reduced to 1.051, 0.617, and 0.526, respectively. These results indicate that the flow distributors designed in this study made significant improvements in the velocity profile of a baghouse, with the type 3 configuration having the best performance.     

In situ bioelectrokinetic remediation of phenol-contaminated soil by use of an electrode matrix and a rotational operation mode

In situ bioremediation is a safe and cost-effective technology for the cleanup of contaminated sites, but its remediation rate is usually very slow. This study attempted to accelerate the process of bioremediation by employing non-uniform electrokinetic transport processes to mix organic pollutants and degrading bacteria in soils under in situ conditions (namely, in situ bioelectrokinetic remediation) by use of an electrode matrix and a rotational operation mode. A bench-scale non-uniform electrokinetic system with periodic polarity-reversal was developed for this purpose, and tested by using a sandy loam spiked with phenol as a model organic pollutant. The results demonstrated that non-uniform electrokinetic processes could enhance the in situ biodegradation of phenol in the soil, the efficiency of which depended upon the operational mode of the electric field. Compared with the unidirectional operation and the bidirectional operation, the rotational operation could effectively stimulate the biodegradation of phenol in the soil if adopting appropriate time intervals of polarity-reversal and electrode matrixes. A reversal interval of 3.0 h and a square-shaped electrode matrix with four electrode couples appeared appropriate for the in situ biodegradation of phenol, at which a maximum phenol removal of 58% was achieved in 10d and the bioremediation rate was increased about five times as compared to that with no electric field applied. The results also showed that adopting a small polarity-reversal interval and an appropriate electrode array could produce a high and uniform removal of phenol from the soil. It is believed that in situ bioelectrokinetic remediation holds the potential for field application.