健康发展中的—广州市垃圾产业化

据《粤港信息日报》报道广州市的垃圾产业化正在健康发展,预计２０１０年前广州城市生活垃圾收运、处理将全面走向市场化、产业化。长期以来,垃圾的收运处理都是政府行为,是社会福利保障事业。广州市每年要支出１．９７亿元人民币来处理垃圾,国家包办到底,政府背负着沉重的包袱。如果垃圾收运走向产业化、市场化,这种局面将会有所改变。据悉,目前广州的垃圾产业的产业结构已形成二种形式。第一种是政府投资经营的垃圾产业。广州市大坦沙垃圾焚烧发电厂,由政府投资５－７亿元人民币,已于１９９６年１１月８日奠基兴建,工程设计规模…     

垃圾分类,从我做起——广东省广州市番禺区石碁镇前锋小学生态文明教育纪实

正广东省广州市番禺区石碁镇前锋小学近几年致力打造"全国生态文明"教育特色学校,逐渐形成了学校的制度文化;开展多元活动,催发师生生命成长,形成学校的活动文化;促进师生人文素养、道德品质的全面和谐发展,形成学校办学特色。UA行动1:垃圾分类,融入校园作为广州市垃圾分类标杆学校,广州市STEM课程试点学校,石碁镇前锋小学以实际行动守护这份荣誉。2010学年开始,学校把垃圾分类工作纳入德育部,由校长主管,     

环境新闻

<正>广州市荔湾区宣布:全区进行生活垃圾强制分类9月28日,广州荔湾区在西村街道举行荔湾区全面实施生活垃圾强制分类工作推进试点动员大会。荔湾区在会上宣布全区都要进行生活垃圾强制分类,这是广州目前唯一一个试点全区参与强制分类的行政区。广州垃圾分类推行多年,各区仍在摸索中,荔湾为何和其他区限定强制范围不同,要在全区进行生活垃圾强制分类呢?与会的广州市城管部门相关负责人称,荔湾区流动     

广东生活环境无害化处理中心

广东生活环境无害化处理中心(以下简称“处理中心”)是由省人民政府拨款扶持兴办的治理环境污染的全民所有制专业机构,成立于1996年2月。“处理中心”的主要任务是协助政府及有关职能部门治理污染,保护人体健康。在省、市人民政府及有关职能部门的大力支持下,于1998年2月建成了广东医疗污染处理站,负责对全广州地区各医疗单位(含中央、部队和省属在穗医院)产生的医疗废物进行集中无害化处理,被称之为全国医疗废物集中无害化处理的“先行者”。1999年10月,广州市卫生部门、广州市环保部门联合下发了《关于我市医疗垃圾集中处置的通知》(穗卫…     

垃圾的好氧生物处理

本文着重说明了用生物学方法处理固体有机垃圾 ,并介绍了生物垃圾堆放形式和处理设备     

环境教育绿校园——记广州市第四十七中学汇景实验学校和校长欧韶生

正广州市第四十七中学汇景实验学校创办于2004年9月,是一所九年一贯制公立学校,位于华南理工大学、华南农业大学、华南师范大学等高校和科研机构云集的科技文化中心区域,占地5.2万平方米,是天河区绿色学校,广州市绿色学校,天河区创建国家卫生城市先进单位,广州市垃圾分类示范基地,国际生态学校垃圾减量子项目学校。开办十年来,其出色的办学质量得到了上级领导的充分肯定,赢得了广大家长的充分信任和社会的普遍认可。特别是欧韶生自2006年担任该校校长一职以来,把环境教育、环境保护、创节约型校园作为了学校工作的重中之重。     

国内外电子垃圾回收处理利用进展概述

概述了国内外电子垃圾回收处理利用进展状况,简介了电子垃圾回收利用的几项典型技术,指出为应对发达国家将电子垃圾污染向发展中国家转移的现实,制定电子垃圾循环利用的国际统一标准刻不容缓。     

广州垃圾分类情况及对策研究

为了明晰广州生活垃圾处理中存在的问题,探求部分问题解决的方案,通过对广州市生活垃圾分类及处理现状的调研,借鉴国内外垃圾分类实施的经验,对垃圾分类理念、监督管理、基础设施配备、流程设计、视觉服务等方面问题进行阐述,提出源头管理、流程设计、视觉引导等工作的思路,以推动广州垃圾分类工作持续有效开展。     

德国垃圾处理的现状及政策

垃圾在德国可主要分成以下几大类：（1）家庭生活垃圾及与之相类似的其它垃圾；（2）有毒有害废弃物．又称特殊垃圾（如有毒有害的化学品．化工厂废弃物，固体沥青、焦油废渣，废酸、碱等）；（3）建筑工地垃圾。一、家庭生活垃圾的处理和综合利用1990年西德共有垃圾约3亿吨。其中生活垃圾及与生活垃圾相似的其它垃圾约占总量的11％。根据联邦环保局调查，西德1979到198O年间，纯粹的家庭生活垃圾中约含金属4％、玻璃12％、塑料制品6％、纸张19％以及含绿色植物26％。这充分表明在家庭生活垃圾中有相当一部分是可以回收、利用的物质。由于…     

乌鲁木齐城市垃圾处理现状及发展策略探讨

对乌鲁木齐市生活垃圾的处理现状及垃圾产出特点、产生量等进行了分析描述,指出了存在问题。并就乌鲁木齐市的生活垃圾处理提出了对策,建议采取“无害化、减量化、资源化”的方式处理生活垃圾。     

基于共词分析的城市生活垃圾治理公共政策变迁量化分析

以1979—2020年我国中央政府颁发的411份城市生活垃圾治理政策文本作为研究对象,运用共词与聚类分析方法研究了我国不同时期城市生活垃圾治理公共政策焦点的演变规律。结果发现:纵观我国城市生活垃圾治理公共政策焦点的演变轨迹,在"技术路线"、"垃圾属性"、"管理手段"、"治理结构"和"保障机制"方面发生了显著的政策主题变迁,呈现出垃圾治理朝更加绿色、更加经济方向发展的趋势。未来,应从监管体系、资源评估、财政补贴、空间布局4个方面保障生活垃圾零污染、高价值资源化治理。     

The impact of the European landfill directive on waste management in the United Kingdom

The European Union Landfill Directive calls on member states to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal solid waste disposed of to landfill. In addition, national waste strategies will require the constituent parts of the United Kingdom to achieve increased household waste recycling and recovery rates. Both these measures will require the development of the infrastructure to support national high-intensity recycling and composting schemes and the construction of at least 35 new municipal waste to energy incinerators. Before plans can be developed for meeting the targets several areas relating to municipal solid waste need to be clarified. Depending on the definition of municipal solid waste, its composition and likely future growth rates the number of incinerators required could be up to 170.     

城市生活垃圾处理的现状与管理研究

城市生活垃圾的处理与资源化是环保领域的一个难点,在管理上我国也缺乏相关的法律依据。本文介绍了城市生活垃圾处理的现状,同时针对构建我国城市生活垃圾管理体系提出了建议。     

北京市垃圾填埋场地下水中砷、汞含量分析

生活垃圾的处置一直以填埋为主,垃圾填埋承载着巨大的环境压力,尤其是垃圾填埋产生的渗滤液会对地下水造成砷、汞污染。为了解北京市生活垃圾填埋场地下水砷、汞污染水平,在北京市5座生活垃圾填埋场布设采样点,采集36个地下水样品,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光法,分析了地下水砷、汞含量特征。结果表明,36个地下水样品砷浓度范围0.41~4.82μg/L,汞浓度范围0.024~0.121μg/L,北京市典型垃圾填埋场地下水样品不存在砷、汞污染问题。     

Euro-trash: searching Europe for a more sustainable approach to waste management

How an economically affordable, environmentally effective and socially acceptable municipal solid waste management system can be developed is currently unclear. Considerable research has been carried out on the practical aspects of municipal waste management (i.e. transport, treatment and disposal) and how citizens feel about source separation, recycling, incineration and landfill but the perspective of the waste manager within the context of long term planning is often ignored. In this study, waste managers from 11 different leading-edge European municipal solid waste programs in nine different countries were interviewed. The economic, social, political, environmental, legal and technical factors of their specific programs were explored and analyzed. The transition of municipal solid waste management to urban resources management was observed and key ‘system drivers’ for more sustainable waste management practices were identified. Programs visited were: Brescia (I), Copenhagen (DK), Hampshire (UK), Helsinki (FI), Lahn-Dill-Kreis (D), Malmö (SE), Pamplona (E), Prato (I), Saarbrücken (D), Vienna (A), and Zürich (CH).     

Analysis of products from the pyrolysis and liquefaction of single plastics and waste plastic mixtures

Waste plastics in the form of two examples of real world municipal solid waste plastics and a simulated mixture of municipal waste plastics were pyrolysed and liquefied under moderate temperature and pressure in a batch autoclave reactor. In addition, the five main polymers which constitute the majority of plastics occurring in European municipal solid waste comprising, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride were also reacted. The plastics were reacted under both a nitrogen (pyrolysis) and hydrogen pressure (liquefaction) and the yield and composition of products are reported. The hydrocarbon gases produced were mainly methane, ethane, propane and lower concentrations of alkene gases. A mainly oil product was produced with the mixed plastic waste with significant concentrations of aromatic compounds, including single ring aromatic compounds. The composition of the oils and gases suggested that there was significant interaction of the plastics when they were pyrolysed and liquefied as a mixture compared to the results expected from reactions of the single plastics.     

Environmental Management of Quarries as Waste Disposal Facilities

Problems associated with the disposal of municipal solid waste have become a source of public concern worldwide as awareness of potential adverse environmental impacts and health threats from solid waste has increased. Communities are concerned about the generation and management of solid waste to the extent of refusing to allow new disposal facilities near their homes, often after witnessing the legacy of existing facilities. Under these conditions, the development of national policies for the management of solid waste becomes highly political, all while requiring appropriate technical solutions that ensure environmental protection and proper management plans that support an acceptable solution for the disposal of municipal solid waste. In some locations, the conversion of old quarries into well-engineered and controlled landfills appears as a promising solution to a continuously increasing problem, at least for many decades to come. This paper describes the environmental impacts associated with solid waste disposal in a converted quarry site and the mitigation measures that can be adopted to alleviate potential adverse impacts. Environmental management and monitoring plans are also discussed in the context of ensuring adequate environmental protection during and after the conversion process.     

城市生活垃圾处理若干问题的探讨

本文根据四川实际,对垃圾处理工程规划布局、工艺选择、堆肥工艺中的问题、垃圾处理厂运行体制和垃圾处理的政策措施进行了探讨,提出了对策。     

A new system for groundwater contamination hazard rating of landfills

In developing countries, several unregulated landfills exist adjacent to large cities, releasing harmful contaminants to the underlying aquifer. Normally, landfills are constructed to hold three types of waste, namely hazardous waste, municipal solid waste, and construction and demolition waste. Hazardous waste and municipal solid waste landfills are of greater importance as these pose greater hazard to groundwater, in comparison with landfills holding waste from construction and demolition. The polluting landfills need to be prioritized to undertake necessary control and remedial measures. This paper assesses existing site hazard rating systems and presents a new groundwater contamination hazard rating system for landfills, which can be used for site prioritization. The proposed system is based on source-pathway-receptor relationships and evaluates different sites relative to one another. The system parameters have been selected based on literature. The Delphi technique is used to derive the relative importance weights of the system parameters. The proposed system is compared with nine existing systems. The comparison shows that the site hazard scores produced by the existing systems for hazardous waste, municipal solid waste, and construction and demolition waste landfills are of the same order of magnitude and tend to overlap each other but the scores produced by the proposed system for the three types of landfills vary almost by an order of magnitude, which shows that the proposed system is more sensitive to the type of waste. The comparison further shows that the proposed system exhibits greater sensitivity also to varied site conditions. The application of different systems to six old municipal solid waste landfills shows that whereas the existing systems produce clustered scores, the proposed system produces significantly differing scores for all the six landfills, which improves decision making in site ranking. This demonstrates that the proposed system makes a better tool for prioritization of landfills for adopting control measures and remediation.     

Assessment of public vs private MSW management: a case study

Public-private partnerships in urban environmental services have witnessed increased interest in recent years primarily to reform the weak performance of the public sector, reduce cost, improve efficiency, and ensure environmental protection. In this context, successful public-private partnerships require a thorough analysis of opportunities, a deliberate attention to process details, and a continuous examination of services to determine whether they are more effectively performed by the private sector. A comparative assessment of municipal solid waste collection services in the two largest cities in Lebanon where until recently municipal solid waste collection is private in one and public in the other is conducted. While quality of municipal solid waste collection improved, due to private sector participation, the corresponding cost did not, due to monopoly and an inadequate organizational plan defining a proper division of responsibilities between the private and the public sector.