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基于流域水质改善与水环境管理需求,结合目前流域非点源水污染排放存在的问题,本研究采用SOA-B/S架构,运用MVC6和GIS与环境模型集成关键技术,构建流域非点源水污染排放清单估算系统,并系统梳理了地形数据、污染源环境统计数据、气象数据等基础信息,采用基于输出系数法的非点源水污染负荷估算模型,实现了对全年及年内各分水期非点源水污染排放清单的处理分析和估算。系统通过数据库、GIS平台、模型集成和业务系统建设,实现了对不同时间和空间尺度下不同地区的非点源水污染负荷估算,推进了流域非点源污染排放的信息化、科学化及可视化管理,为决策者制定流域水环境管理措施和方案提供了有力的技术支持。 相似文献
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固体废物管理电子政务系统的构建 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
固体废物管理面临着大量日常工作所必须的业务审批、各类业务数据的上报/接收、更新、查询、统计、分析和种类繁多的报表输出等属性数据的处理和利用任务,需要利用3S(GIS,GPS,RS)技术来快速、大面积获取信息及管理空间数据。我们在研究、开发“广州市固体废物管理GIS信息系统”的过程中,将MIS作为固废管理电子政务重要的组成部分,并与GIS,GPS,RS集成一体化,构建了“4S'’集成一体化固体废物管理电子政务系统,有效地解决了数据共享和实时更新问题,使信息化能够真正全面促进办公管理效率、公众服务水平和科学决策水平的本质提高。文章简要阐述了“4S”集成一体化固体废物管理电子政务系统的组成、实现原理以及实际意义;并指出构建4S(MIS,GIS,GPS,RS)集成一体化的固体废物管理电子政务系统将会成为我国固废管理信息化发展的一个趋势。 相似文献
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随着四川省辐射环境管理监测及应急指挥工作科学化、精细化的不断深入,提出建设以实际需求为导向,以适应未来发展为基本准则的信息平台势在必行。该平台采用SOA面向服务的体系结构,以GIS地理信息系统为支撑,B/S、C/S相结合模式进行开发。实现常规监测、自动监测、在用源监测、应急指挥等全面管理。在实践中逐步完善平台,发挥其重要价值。 相似文献
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本文主要研究GIS在美国源水评估中的应用,介绍了地理信息系统在国内外源水评估中的重要性,详细的论述了美国源水评估地理信息系统(Water Source Appraise GIS-WSA-GIS)的开发过程,主要包括设计数据库、建造数据库、分析数据以及显示结果四个方面,从而为我国建立水源评估的GIS提供参考。 相似文献
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基于GIS的自然保护区管理信息系统建设 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
探讨了GIS在自然保护区建设与管理中的应用,以及利用最新的组件式GIS技术开发适合保护区的管理信息系统.结合GIS的信息管理模式比传统的信息管理更能实时地表现空间数据,提高了自然保护区的科研与工作效率.介绍了自然保护区信息管理系统的设计原则、开发方式、总体构架、数据库及其主要功能. 相似文献
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Armando A. Apan Andrew Le Brocque Geoff Cockfield 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2004,47(6):811-825
To address the limited application of analytical and modelling techniques in prioritizing revegetation sites for dryland salinity (saline land) management, a case study of the Hodgson Creek catchment in Queensland, Australia, was conducted. An analytical framework was developed, incorporating the use of spatial datasets (Landsat 7 image, DEM, soil map, and salinity map), which were processed using digital image processing techniques and a geographic information system (GIS). Revegetation sites were mapped and their priority determined based on recharge area, land use/cover and sub‐catchment salinity. The analytical framework presented here enhances the systematic use of land information, widens the scope for scenario testing, and improves the testing of alternative revegetation options. The spatial patterns of revegetation sites could provide an additional set of information relevant in the design of revegetation strategies. 相似文献
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地理信息系统(GIS)技术现已广泛应用于环境领域。简要介绍了该技术的功能特点,并从大气、水、土壤、噪声四个方面探讨了GIS在环境保护中的应用。研究结果表明,GIS是研究环境子系统协同效应的实用技术。 相似文献
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Hakan Basaiaoclu Ertürk Celenk Miguel A. Mariulo Nurinnisa Usul 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(2):455-464
ABSTRACT: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is used to identify candidate sites for a solid waste disposal facility in the Gölbasi region of Turkey that has suffered from the negative impact of a current but poorly-located open-dump site on the environment. The municipality of Gölbasi has noticed its deleterious effect on the environment, and has thus decided to dismiss this open-dump site and search for new landfill sites. In this study, the procedure followed under a GIS framework rejects the unacceptable sites considering environmental factors exclusively, other than economic and political issues, contained in the form of multiple layers of attribute information to select the candidate sites for landfilling wastes through an overlay analysis performed by GIS software, ARC/INFO V 7.1. For the spatial data requirements of GIS, a number of thematic map layers (ground water, wetlands and swamp areas, surface water, roads, topographic contours, ecological features, settlements, erosion susceptibility zones, and soil type) are prepared in digital form. In this application, GIS is considered as a screening tool in a site selection process to narrow the number of candidate sites, subsequently leading to one or more sites for detailed investigation. Preliminary ranking for a group of potential sites is done on the basis of simple calculations coupled with on-site field studies. 相似文献
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Application of the DPSIR framework to environmental degradation assessment in northern Ghana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In many communities in northern Ghana, the environment has been altered by complex natural and human driven forces with significant impact on the lives of their inhabitants. The need to formulate an improved, holistic and consistent methodological approach to assess the problem is critical for sustainable natural resource management. This paper examines the potential of the DPSIR environmental assessment framework utilizing GIS‐based participatory methodology in the assessment of environmental degradation in northern Ghana. Community truthing tools such as key informant interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation and participatory Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were employed as a means of soliciting societal responses integrated to conventional GIS spatial analysis to measure the indicators of the Driving force–Pressure–State–Impacts–Response (DPSIR) assessment framework. Post classification GIS imagery results show a marked natural vegetation decrease of 634 km2 (42%) of the study area with a corresponding increase of 600 km2 (39%) of grasses and built‐up and barren environment in the period of 14 years from 1990 to 2004. This is attributed to extreme climatic conditions and human driven causes such as poverty, population growth, migration and land tenure system. Poverty reduction strategies, amendment of the Mining and Mineral Law (PNDC law 153), improvement of the existing land tenure system and the control of migrants and Fulani herdsmen from neighbouring Burkina Faso were some of the solutions selected by the research participants, to be emphasized in the National Environmental Action Plan (EPA Act 490). This paper concludes that the DPSIR environmental assessment framework is an effective means of organizing complex environmental information to facilitate policy decision making. 相似文献
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A Knowledge-Based Systems Approach to Design of Spatial Decision Support Systems for Environmental Management 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
/ This paper describes a framework for designing spatial decision support systems for environmental management using a knowledge-based systems approach. An architecture for knowledge-based spatial decision supportsystems (KBSDSS) is presented that integrates knowledge-based systems with geographical information systems (GIS) and other problem-solving techniques. A method based on spatial influence diagrams is developed for representation of environmental problems. The spatial influence diagram provides an interface through which knowledge-based systems techniques can be applied to build capabilities for problem formulation, automated design, and execution of a solution process. In addition to the flexibility and developmental advantages of knowledge-based systems, the KBSDSS incorporates expert knowledge to provide assistance for structuring spatial influence diagrams and executing a solution process that automatically integrates the GIS, data base, knowledge base, and different types of models. The framework is illustrated with a system, known as the Islay Land Use Decision Support System (ILUDSS), designed to assist planners in strategic planning of land use for the development of the island of Islay, off the west coast of Scotland.KEY WORDS: Geographical information systems; Spatial decision support systems; Knowledge-based systems; Spatial influence diagrams; Environmental management 相似文献