AZ31变形镁合金挤压成形工艺的研究

选择AZ31变形镁合金,设计了实心棒材、矩形和圆形截面薄壁空心型材试样,对坯料加热、模具预热、润滑剂、挤压比、挤压速度及挤压力等工艺问题与工艺参数,进行了系统的试验研究,总结了成形规律和确定工艺参数的方法,对生产应用将起到重要的参考作用。     

AZ31镁合金高温本构方程

分析并建立了具有动态再结晶型金属的本构方程模型,用Gleeble-1500D热/力模拟仪对AZ31镁合金进行圆柱体单向热压缩试验,并根据实验结果分析计算了本构方程模型中的各参数,获得了完整的AZ31镁合金高温本构方程。用本构方程计算了实验条件下的流变应力,计算值与实验值能较好地吻合,误差在8%以内。可为制订AZ31镁合金的热加工工艺提供理论与数据。     

Simulations of isothermal ECAE for magnesium alloy using FEM software and experimental validations

It is important to research the effect of die structures parameters for equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) on the deformation behavior, strain distribution and loads requirement. ECAE is an extrusion process widely researched for its potential to produce ultra-fine grained microstructures in magnesium alloys. In this paper some three-dimensional (3D) geometric models with different corner angles 90° and 135° and with fillets or not in the bottom die were designed by UG software. Some important isothermal process parameters were regarded as basal conditions used in DEFORM?-3D software such as temperatures, the friction coefficient, and extrusion speed. The deformation heterogeneity of ECAE was analyzed from the simulation and experimental results. The deformation homogeneity caused by the EACE die with fillets was improved comparing with the die without fillets. But the cumulative maximum strains decreased. The requirement extrusion force decreased with the fillets and channel angle increase in ECAE die. From the simulation and experimental results the smaller channel angle can obtain the higher cumulative strains and produce tinier subgrains. The loads of top die decrease mainly with fillets. The ECAE die with the channel angle 90° and fillets is good to improve the plasticity and deformation homogeneity of the billets if the extrusion force is enough. It was demonstrated that the simulation results were in good agreement with experimental results and the theoretical calculation.     

Investigation on the changes effected by tool profile on mechanical and tribological properties of friction stir processed AZ31B magnesium alloy

The present study investigates the effect of tool shoulder profile on the mechanical and tribological properties of friction stir processed AZ31B magnesium alloy. The tool rotational speed and feed rate are the chosen process parameters. The experiments were conducted with 3 level 2 factors full factorial design. The recorded responses were tensile strength, wear losses and corrosion rate. The results were analyzed with the help microstructures of the processed samples. The study reveals that, for concave shoulder tool, the strain hardening effect was playing a major role in determining the properties of the processed materials and for the step shoulder tool, the grain size plays a major role in determining the properties of the processed materials.     

上限元法在模拟杯-杆型复合挤压全过程中的应用

此文采用上限单元法(UBET)模拟了杯-杆型复合挤压的不同变形程度组合(ε_∫/ε_b)对挤压力及两端流出量的影响,并与实验结果进行了比较,实验结果与计算结果相符很好,改善了以往的模拟结果,讨论并分析了提高上限单元法的计算精度的方法。     

Numerical simulation of thermal stress in cast billets made of AZ31 magnesium alloy during direct-chill casting

A comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) mathematical model based on the ANSYS software has been developed for the computation of the thermomechanical state of the solidifying strand during direct-chill (DC) casting of abnormity ingots and during subsequent cooling. Stress and the strain formation mechanism had been studied. The boundary and initial conditions used for primary and secondary cooling were based on the heat transfer during the solidification of the billet. The effects of casting parameters on the distribution of temperature and stress were researched, which helped to optimize the casting parameters (casting speed, pouring temperature, length of crystallizer, and so on). The simulation results of thermal stress and strain field gave a better understanding of the formation mechanism of some casting defects, which was very useful for optimizing casting parameters and obtaining high-quality billets.     

可压缩材料挤压过程有限元模拟

利用QFORM通用有限元软件对可压缩材料挤压过程进行了数值模拟 ,研究了初始相对密度对等效应变和挤压力、挤压比对致密速度和挤压力的影响 ,同时 ,通过对平面应变和轴对称各种挤压工况进行模拟分析 ,给出了两种状态单位挤压力间的关系     

微波消解-ICP-OES联合测AZ61镁合金中Zn、Mn、Al的不确定度分析

目的研究AZ61镁合金中合金元素成分分析过程中的不确定度因素,以提高分析结果的准确性。方法采用微波消解仪消解样品,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定AZ61镁合金中锌、锰、铝元素的含量。分析测试过程中产生不确定度的因素,并且进行评定和计算。结果采用微波消解-ICP-OES法测定镁合金中锌、锰、铝元素的含量时,测量不确定度主要由样品溶液稀释、移液枪、标准曲线以及测试的重复性引起,AZ61镁合金主要的合金成分为锌(1.1270%±0.0433%)、锰(0.1797%±0.0064%);铝(6.4468%±0.2029%)。结论对分析过程中产生的不确定度因素进行分析及评定,可以确保分析结果的可靠性以及准确性,从而更好地控制镁合金的性能,提高镁合金的装备环境适应性。     

长期立贮固体发动机药柱变形预估方法研究

目的 研究老化与颠振影响下长期立式贮存固体发动机药柱的蠕变特性,基于广义Kelvin模型,构建一种考虑老化和损伤因素的蠕变本构模型。方法 通过开展温度与应力加速蠕变试验、高温加速老化试验以及往复拉伸损伤试验,获得老化与损伤对蠕变的影响规律,建立蠕变预测模型,获取模型参数,并将其嵌入有限元软件。结果 利用所得蠕变本构模型计算了某型发动机立式贮存15 a后药柱蠕变的应力应变,结果表明,考虑老化因素后,发动机药柱的最大等效应力增大了96.84%,最大等效应变减小了4.07%,在同时考虑老化与损伤因素后,最大等效应力增加了82.77%,最大等效应变减小了3.62%。结论 对比不同条件下的仿真结果,老化和损伤对发动机蠕变状态的影响较大。使用该模型能够较好地体现出固体发动机药柱的老化硬化和损伤软化。     

Scale-up modeling of the twin roll casting process for AZ31 magnesium alloy

In the present study, a 2-D finite-element method (FEM) thermal-fluid-stress model has been developed and validated for the twin roll casting (TRC) of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The model was then used to quantify how the thermo-mechanical history experienced by the strip during TRC would change as the equipment was scaled up from a laboratory size (roll diameter = 355 mm) to a pilot scale (roll diameter = 600 mm) and to an industrial scale (roll diameter = 1150 mm) machine. The model predictions showed that the thermal history and solidification cooling rate experienced by the strip are not affected significantly by caster scale-up. However, the mechanical history experienced by the strip did change remarkably depending on the roll diameters. Casting with bigger rolls led to the development of higher stress levels at the strip surface. The roll separating force/mm width of strip was also predicted to increase significantly when the TRC was scaled to larger sizes. Using the model predicted results, the effect of both casting speed and roll diameter was integrated into an empirical equation to predict the exit temperature and the roll separating force for AZ31. Using this approach, a TRC process map was generated for AZ31 which included roll diameter and casting speed.     

AZ31镁合金的研究现状和发展前景

叙述了AZ31镁合金在组织、性能等方面的特点,介绍了主要合金元素对AZ(Mg Al Zn)系镁合金组织和性能的影响;综述了该合金的研究现状,提出了该合金发展和应用前景。     

分流焊合模成形管材过程的数值模拟研究

采用FEM方法对分流焊合模成形管材的挤压变形过程进行了三维模拟,给出了管材挤压过程中铝合金的应力、应变及流动速度等的分布和变化。     

在污染大气环境中NaCl对镁合金的协同作用

研究了沉积NaC l的AZ91D镁合金在含有SO2和CO2的模拟污染大气环境中初期腐蚀行为。研究了在SO2和CO2协同作用下,表面沉积NaC l的AZ91D镁合金大气初期腐蚀规律。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表面腐蚀形貌,XRD进行腐蚀产物分析。结果表明,由于NaC l的沉积加速了AZ91D镁合金的初期大气腐蚀,SO2、CO2和NaC l多种因素协同作用对AZ91D镁合金的初期大气腐蚀的影响远大于单一SO2、CO2和NaC l因素。     

环氧富锌涂层对AZ91D镁合金的腐蚀防护能力研究

目的研究环氧富锌涂层对AZ91D镁合金的腐蚀防护能力。方法采用机械喷涂法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备一种保护性的环氧富锌涂层。采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究环氧富锌涂层在0.5 mol/L的Na2SO4腐蚀溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为及其对镁合金的腐蚀防护能力。结果浸泡初期,环氧富锌涂层的阻抗谱中只出现一个时间常数,暗示着环氧富锌涂层优异的阻挡层作用;浸泡48 h后,环氧富锌涂层阻抗谱中出现两个时间常数,高频和低频时间常数分别对应环氧富锌涂层中高聚合的介电性质和锌粉的活性溶解;浸泡336 h后,环氧富锌涂层仍具有很高的阻抗模值,表明此时环氧富锌涂层对镁合金仍能提供良好的腐蚀防护。结论环氧富锌涂层在0.5 mol/L Na2SO4腐蚀溶液中能对AZ91D镁合金提供很好的腐蚀防护。     

关于静液挤压过程中挤压压力的数值模拟研究

采用大变形弹塑性有限无理论，用ANSYS5.5软件对不同模具参数下钨合金静液挤压过程进行了数值模拟研究，得出了挤压压力随模具参数的变化规律，并与光刻网格的挤压结果进行了比较，说明有限元法的计算结果和实验结果符合很好。     

镁合金焊丝的成形工艺及组织性能研究

对镁合金焊丝热挤压成形进行了工艺试验研究,确定了其成形工艺参数,分析了镁合金焊丝热挤压成形时挤压力的变化规律和组织性能变化。研究结果表明:在有专门的保温装置保证坯料温度始终保持在恒定的温度范围内、使用合理的润滑剂等条件下,采用热挤压法可以得到高质量的镁合金焊丝。     

环境作用动力学在应力腐蚀断裂中的应用

目的研究材料的应力腐蚀断裂时间。方法应用环境作用动力学理论,求解材料的应力腐蚀断裂时间函数。结果从环境作用动力学理论得到了材料的应力腐蚀断裂时间函数,并对AZ61和AZ80镁合金进行了试验验证。结论环境作用动力学理论可以描述镁合金材料应力腐蚀断裂时间;AZ61镁合金抗应力腐蚀性能优于AZ80镁合金。     

半球形厚壁封头拉深成形壁厚变化规律研究

针对厚壁半球形封头的拉深成形,将板坯分成4个区域,根据每个区域的应力分布特点,对每个区域的壁厚变化规律做了理论上的推导与计算,并将理论计算值同有限元模拟结果比较,得到了很好的效果.     

空间站原子氧环境仿真研究

目的预估空间站在轨期间遭受的原子氧撞击通量。方法通过对空间站构型进行建模,轨道、姿态参数设定,应用Kepler计算方法对空间站在轨20年的原子氧积分通量进行初步的仿真计算和分析。结果得到了航天器各个微元表面的原子氧积分通量数据。结论通过数据分析可知,迎风方向上经受的最大原子氧通量达到5.79×1022atoms/cm2,综合空间站各个不同位置表面的积分通量数据,可为航天器结构设计与材料选择提供技术支持。     

镁合金在模拟污染气体环境中的初期腐蚀规律

研究了在含有SO2和CO2的模拟污染大气环境中AZ91D镁合金大气腐蚀初期行为，讨论了在SO2和CO2协同作用下AZ91D镁合金大气初期腐蚀规律。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察表面腐蚀形貌，XRD进行腐蚀产物分析。结果表明由于SO2和CO2的溶解导致电解液膜酸性增加，进一步加大了表面的反应活性．加速了大气初期腐蚀。