可持续发展社会的生活理念与模式建立的探索

可持续生活方式是可持续发展社会中的基本生活类型，是实现可持续发展战略目标的社会基础。要使之成为我国社会的一种基本生活方式，关键在于民众普遍接受可持续道德价值观。     

环保运动参与:资源动员论与后物质主义价值观

针对人们参与环保运动的动机,"资源动员理论"认为,人们更多的是出于对自身利益的追求——不要污染我的居住环境,而"后物质主义价值观"则认为,人们参与环保运动是为了提高人类整体的生活质量,是为了减轻和遏制污染对整个人类环境造成的破坏。西方理论界的普遍观点是:20世纪70年代以后,在西方,人们参与环保运动主要是受"后物质主义价值观"的影响。本文通过对厦门PX事件深入调查所获取的数据进行分析,发现:在当代中国,人们参与环保运动的动机更多的是个人利益的算计,而非西方社会认可的全社会已经形成了一种普遍的"后物质主义价值观"。本文并对人们在环保运动参与程度上存在差异的原因进行了分析:①社会发展状况,主要受经济发展水平的影响。②传统文化对我国公众环境意识的影响。③制度原因:自上而下的环境政策造成了公众的政府依赖性;地方行政干预影响了公众环境意识的发展;政策法规的缺位使公众的环境意识难以转化为具体的环境行为。④民间环保组织发展不完善。     

可持续发展下环境伦理与原则

可持续发展理论与实践促进了环境伦理学的发展。环境伦理也从人类中心主义的环境伦理与非人类中心主义的环境伦理的分野走向人类中心主义的环境伦理、非人类中心主义环境伦理和可持续发展的环境伦理的鼎足。可持续发展的环境伦理是合理吸收人类中心主义环境伦理和非人类中心主义环境伦理并着眼于可持续发展的环境伦理 ,它要求人们在对待环境的行为中必须善待自然、关注未来和规范行为     

人与自然关系新认识及环境伦理学发展

随着当代人与自然关系的严重失调，环境伦理学逐渐兴起，它要求人类从道德的意义上来看待人与自然的关系，从而重视环境问题，走可持续发展的道路。     

北京市大学生环境意识调查与分析

1 引言。公众环境意识是反映社会道德水准和现代文明程度的重要标志。提高全民族的环境意识是我国环境保护的一项重要战略措施。自1990年首次进行调查以来，我国的公众环境意识调查工作取得了长足的进步。调查的区域既有全国范围的，又有省市范围的；调查的对象既有一般公众，又有特定社会群体；调查的内容既有较单一的内容结构，又有涉及环境科学知识、忧患意识、环境法律意识、环境道德意识、自觉参与意识等诸多方面的综合的结构；调查的方式既有早期的较单一的征答、问卷调查，又有后期的问卷调查、座谈和访问相结合的综合调查方式。     

论人类文明的演变与演替

本文从整体论视角出发,从讨论文明的概念和表现入手,对"文明"和"社会"的定义进行了新界定。文明是指人群在特定历史时期的生存方式以及居主导地位的主流价值观。文明的实质是人类(社会)对人与自然关系的看法和对待,或者说是认识和行为。在此基础上分析了人类文明演变的历程和今后的走向,剖析了人类的生存方式(人类的生活方式、人类的生产方式和人群的组织方式)在原始文明阶段、农业文明阶段、工业文明阶段的不同样式,提出了当今人类正处于由工业文明时代向新的环境文明时代转折的过渡阶段的论断。正确认识人类文明演变和演替的规律对任何一个国家和民族来说都是至关重要的。要实现中华民族的伟大复兴,就必须清楚地认识到当今人类所处时代的特点,特别是要对当今人类文明的演变与演替有一个正确的认识和把握。     

走出"人类中心主义"与"天人合一"观困难

本文讨论了关于追求人与自然和谐的几种理念，分析了人类中心主义和天人合一观缺陷，认为可持续发展观是走出人类中心主义和天人合一观根本途径。     

自然权利的批判与辩护

环境伦理的突出功能表现在对人与自然关系的调整上。从法学视角切入．以“权利”作为分析文本．论述了人类中心主义与非人类中心主义在“自然权利”上的理论分歧．人类中心主义者从权利的一人性、权利义务的不对等性、主张自然权利的非现实性以及自然权利的不可操作性四个方面对自然的权利提出了批判．而非人类中心主义者指出权利撅念的在不断地扩展．人类中心主义不可能完全解决好人与自然的关系,自然权利存在着转化为在法律上具有可操作性的可能．并且自然权利理论已在法律实践领域拓展．对自然的权利进行了辩护。由此提出了“非人类中心主义”、“自然的权利”的环境伦理定位。     

建议设立“环境权益保护日”

1　环境意识与环境权益环境意识是人们主观上对环境问题的认识水平和为此采取行动的意愿程度的一种表现形式。较高的环境意识不但是社会文明进步的一个标志 ,同时从环境政策角度看 ,还能降低环境政策实施的成本 ,因为环境意识越高 ,环境政策实施中遇到的阻力就越低。事实上 ,作为环境政策实施主体的国家立法机关和各级政府机构 ,一直都非常重视环境意识的作用 ,一再强调要不断提高全社会的环境意识。对于提高环境意识 ,人们一般都会想到“加强环境宣传教育” ,认为环境意识是人们不断接受熏陶和教育的结果。我国一直有“环境保护事业是从宣…     

论信息化在环境社会系统演化过程中的双向功能

信息化在环境社会系统演化过程中具有双向功能。从生产方生活方式和人群组织方式三方面侧面分析信息化对人类生存方式的影响，可以看出，信息化能够对社会可持续发展发挥正向功能。但是如果信息化进程的速度过快，环境社会系统得不到充分演化，也可能对社会可持续发展发挥负向功能，导致潜藏着的各种危机集中爆发。这些危机主要表现在四个方面：加快资源枯竭速度，危及信息安全和社会安全，破坏环境社会系统的反馈节律，过度膨胀人们改造自然的信心。因此，必须适当控制信息化进程的速度，实时关注此过程中出现的危机征兆并及时加以调整，从而保证人类社会的可持续展。     

Education for Sustainable Development: The Johannesburg Summit and Beyond

The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), held in Johannesburg during 26 August and 4 September 2002, was a truly remarkable event, not least because it identified and committed the world community to what has to be done to realise Agenda 21 objectives. Discussion begins with the "means of implementation" of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPI). Education for, and raising awareness of, sustainable development are the key commitments in the "means of implementation". The issues central to these commitments are discussed. The crucial role of moral philosophy in education for sustainable development is then discussed. Defining the "problem" as lack of progress (in fact negative progress between Rio and Johannesburg) towards global sustainable development, a cause–effect relationship of the "problem" is developed based on a systematic and logical analysis. It shows that the "cause" is West's profoundly materialistic, environment-degrading and exploitative attitude and activities to satisfy grossly unsustainable, hedonistic and insatiably avaricious Western life-styles – life-styles that are held up by the West as "ideal" fruits of economic "development" to be aspired by all. The "effects" are pollution of air, water and soil; mounting loss of biodiversity, ecosystems and species; relentlessly widening north–south divide, etc. It is argued that while science and technology can address some of the "effects", they cannot address the "cause". Only moral philosophy can by fundamentally re-orienting moral values genuinely to respect nature and the environment. Based on sound and tested principles of Educational Psychology, a proposal is then made for including moral philosophy in the formal curricula (content and pedagogy) of primary, secondary and higher education for instilling in children and young people genuinely environment-respecting moral values. To this end a generic syllabus for the secondary level is proposed. Finally, it is argued that if the scientific community really believes that science or technology alone can radically change the pervasive environment-degrading moral values to those that genuinely respect the environment, thus paving the way to real global sustainability, then it must demonstrate how this could be done and explain why, despite their abundant science and technology, the developed nations are the biggest polluters and consumers with grossly unsustainable life-styles. Certainly, examples would be much more convincing than rhetoric or tired old clichés about how science and technology alone could deliver global sustainable development.     

The Impact of Development and Privatization on Environmental Protection: An International Perspective

The purpose of this paper is to add to the body of knowledge and understanding of the impact of development and privatization on international environmental protection with the focus on balancing social and economic performance for the affected organizations and communities. More specifically, supported by a database of worldwide, regional, and country studies from 1991 to 2000, it is proposed that the role of development and privatization in environmental administration in the international context has negative as well as positive consequences. Moreover, the negative consequences are often masked or go undetected because the effectiveness of development and privatization is based primarily on economic performance. Thus, to obtain a more accurate and realistic determination of the effectiveness of development and privatization, measures of social as well as economic performance and the overall effect on the natural environment should be considered.     

企业环境信息披露的外部影响因素实证研究

本文以111家重污染行业的A股上市公司为样本,对企业环境信息披露的外部影响因素进行研究,对政府环保投入、公众环保意识、区域经济水平和社会监督水平等因素与企业环境信息披露水平之间的关系进行了理论分析和实证检验.研究结果显示:从整体上来说外部因素与企业环境信息披露水平呈负相关关系,说明现阶段企业环保工作所处的外部环境不容乐观;其中,区域经济发展水平与企业环境信息披露水平显著负相关;政府环保投入与企业环境信息披露水平显著正相关,但其影响程度随着经济发展水平的提高而减小;公众环保意识和社会监督水平对企业环境信息披露水平无显著影响.最后,提出了转变经济发展方式、加强政府宏观调控和完善企韭环境信息披露制度等政策建议.     

Logic of Citizen Participation in Sustainable Development

Abstract

Sustainable development, a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust, has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models. However, the real meaning of what sustainable development is and should include has been an object of debate. On the one hand, differing from traditional economic developmental models, economic progress does not necessitate the practice of ‘sustainable development’. On the other hand, current levels of science and technology are still unable to solve several problems that arise with economic development. Sustainable development has transferred the responsibility of environmental destruction to that of developing countries. Lastly, instead of utilizing the best technology and leadership into formulating excellent environmental- protection policies, it is more important to create widespread awareness to the public on the need to protect the environment and thereby engage their participation in decision-making to actually realize what is truly ‘sustainable development’.     

论可持续发展的环保产业化

本文拟以中国现代环保产业为研究对象 ,采用可持续发展理论、环境经济学、产业经济学等研究方法 ,以可持续发展—环保产业—环保产业化为主线 ,对理论界有关的论点加以综合分析和归纳 ,界定“环保产业化”的概念内涵 ,并论证其运行机制。     

社会资本和环境资本在可持续发展中的作用

本文分析了经济、社会、环境体系中社会资本与环境资本对经济的影响,用可持续发展观点修正了传统的经济增长理论。     

现代语境下"天人合一"思想解读

“天人合一”是中国古代思想家对于天人关系的基本认识,主张遵循自然规律．实现人和自然的和谐发展．这一思想对于生态保护与天人关系的协调发展具有重要意义。经济全球化时代。探寻“天人合一”向“天人和谐”可持续发展观的现代性转化的途径,将有助于我们重瓤认识自然,正确把握环境保护与经济发展的辩证关系,培养人类的道德责任意识及科学实践精神,为现代生态伦理学的建立和可持续发展战略的实施提供帮助。     

Environmental Rights: on the Perspective of Harmonious Development between Human Beings and Nature

The idea of environmental rights was first ascertained as a universal concern in the late 20th century and then became a fundamental part of environmental law along with the growth of serious disasters brought by the frequent occurrence of extreme environmental crisis. Generally speaking, the environmental rights safeguard and defend human rights and ultimately facilitate producing better conditions of life on earth by stretching and expanding the theory of traditional human rights. But there are endless debates since environmental rights appeared and various views of environmental rights, such as anthropocentric doctrine and organism's centre doctrine. Differentiated from the traditional research, this article reviewed environmental rights from the perspective of harmonious development between human beings and nature rather than from the perspective of law. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the relationship between human beings and nature based on the environmental rights and to promote the environmental rights to be embodied in the constitution. This article emphasized the importance of the practical significance of environmental rights, and built a concrete structure within the legal system that could promote the transformation of environmental law from ‘should have’ right to practical right, and promote the further development of environmental rights and their weightiness in the legal system.     

城市自然景区游客环境责任行为影响因素研究

城市自然景区是城市中不可多得的旅游资源和游憩空间,游客旅游行为对城市自然景区的游憩冲击一直是城市旅游管理亟待解决的棘手问题,研究游客的环境责任行为是控制游憩负面冲击,增强城市自然景区可持续发展能力的有效途径。本研究在国内外文献综述和实践观察基础上,将游客社会责任意识引入游客环境冲击感知和环境责任行为的关系研究中,建立了包含生态环境冲击感知、不友善行为感知、游客冲突感知和设施管理冲击感知四个游憩冲击感知变量,自我约束行为和保护促进行为两个环境责任行为变量的"游憩冲击感知—社会责任意识—环境责任行为"理论模型,应用问卷调查和结构方程模型,以长沙岳麓山国家5A级景区为案例,对城市自然景区游客环境责任行为的影响因素及其相互关系展开定量实证研究。研究发现:(1)游客游憩冲击感知对环境责任行为的直接影响作用较小,生态环境冲击感知对环境保护促进行为具有显著正向影响;(2)游客社会责任意识对环境自我约束行为具有显著正向影响,其在游客环境冲击感知、设施管理冲击感知、游客冲突感知与环境责任行为的影响关系中起中介作用;(3)游客冲击感知对社会责任意识的影响主要表现为游客生态环境冲击感知和设施管理冲击感知对游客社会责任意识具有显著的正向影响,而游客冲突感知对游客社会责任意识具有显著的负向影响。根据研究结论,文章最后指出城市自然景区游客环境责任行为若干管理启示。     

中国不同发展阶段地区环境可持续性状态与趋势研究

中国不同地区发展水平存在较大的差异．面临的环境问题和可持续发展的优先领域也不同。因此．可持续发展评价与政策制定需要与区域发晨实际相结合。选取上海、德州和固原三个地区作为中国发达、发展中和欠发达地区的代表．选择可操作和可比性强的指标．基子压力-状态-响应模型．构建了环境可持续性趋势系数．对比不同发展水平地区环境发展的状态、趋势和存在的主要问题。得出以下结论：近20年来．虽然中国总体环境保护能力有了一定的提高．但污染物排放压力持续增长．环境质量普遍恶化的趋势没有得到根本改变;上海、德州和固原环境可持续性趋势系数分别为0．82、0．55和0．45．发达地区环境可持续性最强．发展中地区一般．欠发达地区量差;目前我国环境政策领域往往注重经济发展的“两极”：高度发达地区和欠发达地区,本文的研究结果表明。面积占全国67％、人口占全国40％的发展中地区环境问题最为突出。