电导滴定增量法测定水中SO4^2—

本文报道直接在水介质中,用电导滴定增量法测定SO_4~(2-)的含量.可测到5.00×10~5mol·1~(-1),相对误差为6.9‰,相对标准偏差为4.6‰.此方法简单、准确、快速.     

黑锰矿催化氧化Fe(Ⅱ)生成铁氧化物过程及影响因素

自然界中的锰氧化物常与铁氧化物交结伴生,其形成和转化过程相互影响. Mn(Ⅳ)氧化物与Fe(Ⅱ)反应过程已有较多研究,然而有氧环境中低价锰氧化物氧化Fe(Ⅱ)生成铁氧化物的过程尚缺乏系统研究.本工作以黑锰矿为例,研究了开放体系中Fe(Ⅱ)在低价氧化锰矿物表面的氧化行为,分析了Fe(Ⅱ)浓度、溶解氧以及pH对Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物形成的影响.结果表明,黑锰矿在氧化Fe(Ⅱ)形成针铁矿和纤铁矿的同时,自身被部分还原释放Mn(Ⅱ).当反应体系pH值为3.0时,溶解氧氧化Fe(Ⅱ)作用弱,主要为黑锰矿氧化Fe(Ⅱ)并在其表面生成针铁矿.当反应体系pH值升高至5.0,黑锰矿催化加速了溶解氧对低浓度(<5.0 mmol·L^-1)Fe(Ⅱ)的氧化并生成水铁矿,随后转化成纤铁矿和针铁矿;Fe(Ⅱ)浓度升高(>5.0 mmol·L^-1),反应初期Fe(Ⅱ)直接被黑锰矿氧化,形成了以针铁矿和少量纤铁矿组成的包覆层,并导致氧化速率减弱,而溶解氧在Fe(Ⅱ)后期氧化过程中发挥了主导作用.这些结果丰富了表生环境铁锰氧化物的形成与共生机理,为土壤矿物形成演化提供了...     

稀土-过渡金属复合氧化物催化剂用于汽车尾气净化研究

以不含贵金属的稀土 过渡族金属四元复合氧化物为催化剂 ,模拟汽车尾气的组成含量 ,运用连续流动式反应器 ,研究了四元复合氧化物La0 5Sr0 5Ni1 -xCuxO3系列 (x =0—1 0 )对CO和NOx 的催化氧化还原消除活性及其在消除反应条件的抗硫中毒能力 .实验结果表明 ,钙钛矿型四元复合氧化物催化剂La0 5Sr0 5Ni0 5Cu0 5O3对CO和NOx 的氧化还原消除都具有较高的活性 ;脉冲中毒实验指出 ,当反应温度≥ 3 0 0℃ ,SO2 在催化剂中的脉冲积累含量为 1 2 2× 1 0 - 2 mmol时 ,该复合氧化物仍表现出良好的抗硫毒性能 ,它对CO的氧化消除活性并未因体系中SO2 的存在而受到影响     

铁、铝氧化物和土壤对苄嘧磺隆的吸附

用平衡吸附法研究了苄嘧磺隆在两种土壤(广州赤红壤、湖南红壤)和两种人工合成氧化物(针铁矿、铝氧化物)中的吸附,以及pH对吸附的影响.结果表明:(1)用Langmuir,Freundlich和Temkin等温方程描述供试样品对苄嘧磺隆的吸附,其中Freundlich吸附等温方程拟合的结果较佳.在苄嘧磺隆的实验浓度范围内和一定的pH条件下,吸附苄嘧磺隆的量随其浓度的升高而增加,其顺序为:铝氧化物＞湖南红壤＞针铁矿＞广州赤红壤.(2)苄嘧磺隆在供试样品中的吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而减小.     

水合二氧化锰界面特性及其除污染效能

研究了水合二氧化锰(δMnO2)的界面特性及其吸附性能.考察了δMnO2的比表面积、粒径分布、表面官能团及ζ电位;探讨了δMnO2对水中亚砷酸盐及腐殖酸的吸附去除效能.结果表明:δMnO2的比表面积为117.4m2·g-1,体积平均粒径为0.11μm;δMnO2表面具有丰富的表面羟基(Mn-OH);随着pH值由1.9升高至10.7,δMnO2的ζ电位由 22.7mV降低至53.5mV,其零电荷点在pH3.0附近.δMnO2对亚砷酸盐(As(III))及腐殖酸(HA)均表现出优良的吸附去除效能,其单位δMnO2质量的最大吸附量分别为137μgAs(III)·mg-1δMnO2和1.01mgTOC·mg-1δMnO2.亚砷酸盐与腐殖酸共存时,腐殖酸的存在使得亚砷酸盐的去除率下降10%—28%;而亚砷酸盐对腐殖酸的去除无明显影响.     

锰氧化物-阳离子交换树脂复合材料的制备及其对水中重金属的吸附性能

采用原位沉淀-空气氧化法将锰氧化物负载于大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂D001上,制备出一种新型锰氧化物-阳离子交换树脂复合材料Mn-D001,并对该材料吸附水中Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+的性能进行了深入研究.TEM、XRD以及XPS的分析结果表明,负载的锰氧化物以MnO2的形态存在.基于单一金属离子静态吸附的一元体系实验表明,Mn-D001比D001对Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+具有更高的吸附选择性,在高浓度竞争离子Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+共存的情况下,仍能保持较高的重金属去除率;Mn-D001对Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+的吸附行为符合准一级动力学模型(R2>0.99)和Langmuir吸附等温线模型(R2>0.99).在温度为303 K时,Mn-D001对3种重金属的饱和吸附容量可分别达到476.19 mg.g-1、243.90 mg.g-1及196.08 mg.g-1,优于原有树脂D001.基于复合重金属离子竞争吸附的二元、三元体系的实验表明,Mn-D001对3种重金属的吸附能力顺序为Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+,吸附能力由原有树脂D001以及负载的锰氧化物的性质共同决定.     

锆铁复合氧化物颗粒对As（Ⅴ）的去除研究

系统研究了锆铁氧化物颗粒吸附剂（GZI）对As（Ⅴ）的去除性能,考察了反应时间、溶液pH、初始As（Ⅴ）浓度、共存离子等反应条件的影响.同时评价了吸附后材料的脱附性能及动态处理后材料的安全性.实验结果显示,初始浓度低于20 m.gL^-1时,5 h后As（Ⅴ）在GZI吸附剂上达到平衡,初始浓度为50 m.gL^-1时,...     

Simultaneous removal of arsenate and fluoride from water by AI-Fe （hydr）oxides

A1-Fe （hydr）oxides with different A1/Fe molar ratios （4：1, 1：1, 1：4, 0：1） were prepared using a co- precipitation method and were then employed for simultaneous removal of arsenate and fluoride. The 4A1 ： Fe was superior to other adsorbents for removal of arsenate and fluoride in the pH range of 5.0-9.0. The adsorption capacity of the A1-Fe （hydr）oxides for arsenate and fluoride at pH 6.50.3 increased with increasing A1 content in the adsorbents. The linear relationship between the amount of OH released from the adsorbent and the amount of arsenate or fluoride adsorbent by 4A1 ： Fe indicated that the adsorption of arsenate and fluoride by A1- Fe （hydr）oxides was realized primarily through quantita- tive ligand exchange. Moreover, there was a very good correlation between the surface hydroxyl group densities of A1-Fe （hydr）oxides and their adsorption capacities for arsenate or fluoride. The highest adsorption capacity for arsenate and fluoride by 4A1 ： Fe is mainly ascribed to its highest surface hydroxyl group density besides its largest pHpzc. The dosage of adsorbent necessary to remove arsenate and fluoride to meet the drinking water standard was mainly determined by the presence of fluoride since fluoride was generally present in groundwater at much higher concentration than arsenate.     

自然水体生物膜各组分吸附铅和镉时共存铅、镉的相互影响

研究了自然水体生物膜及其主要组分吸附铅和镉时共存铅、镉间的相互影响,结果发现共存的镉对生物膜各组分吸附铅的能力影响很小,而共存的铅使各组分吸附镉的能力明显下降,且不同组分受影响的程度比较接近.     

碱金属氧化物对V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂脱硝性能的影响

在V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂上负载碱金属氧化物（K2O,Na2O）,通过BET,XRD和SEM等方法对微观结构进行表征,研究不同含量碱金属氧化物对催化剂脱硝活性、N2O生成率和SO2氧化率的影响.结果发现,较大含量的碱金属对催化剂微观结构有一定影响.碱金属氧化物与催化剂表面V物种的结合生成部分碱金属盐（如KVO3）,改变了催化剂的表面结构,使催化剂中有效活性位的数量大大降低,从而导致催化剂活性降低.两种碱金属氧化物对催化剂的毒性顺序为K2O〉Na2O.     

土壤固相不同组分对镉,锌吸持的研究

本文选用三种不同类型的土壤，用连续提取法依次去除土壤固相中碳酸盐（石灰性土壤）、锰、有机质、无定型氧化铁和晶型氧化铁组分，制得分离某一组分或某几个组分后的土壤钙饱和的样品，藉此研究土壤固相各组分对重金属Ｃｄ和Ｚｎ吸持的影响，研究结果表明，不同土壤去除某一组分或多个组分后对Ｃｄ和Ｚｎ吸持的影响是不同的，土壤固相中组分的相互作用可能是其主要原因。     

Ag—Mn,Ag—Co和Ag—Ce复合氧化物上CO,丙酮和吡啶的催化燃烧

本文考察了Ａｎ－Ｍｎ，Ａｇ－Ｃｏ和Ａｇ－Ｃｅ复合氧化物上ＣＯ，丙酮和吡啶的催化氧化性能，结果表明，双组分Ａｇ－Ｍｎ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ａｇ－Ｃｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的氧化活性均高于单组分Ａｇ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３．在Ａｇ－Ｃｅ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，ＣＯ氧化反应的速率言程可用ｒ＝ｋＰｏ２＾ｍＰＣＯ来表示，随着催化剂中氧化铈含量的增加，对氧的反应级数明显下降。     

土壤中锰氧化物的形态及其化学提取方法综述

土壤中锰元素主要来自于成土母质,风化后的锰主要以锰氧化物形式存在于土壤中.锰氧化物因具有比表面积大、表面电荷低、对金属的亲合力强、氧化还原电位高等特性,对土壤中痕量金属的环境行为存在重要影响.化学提取方法是研究土壤中不同固相组分的重要手段.本文首先从土壤中锰的来源及主要存在形态出发,介绍了不同价态锰(+2、+3、+4)...     

Annual production and molecular weight as an influential factor for environmental distribution of chemicals — a case study in Japan

The changes promoted by treatment of a highly polluted soil with sulphuric acid or calcium hydroxide for changing its pH value are studied by controlling physical properties (particle size, TGA and DTA curves), evolution of metal species (exchangeable, as carbonates, related to Fe‐Mn oxides, linked to organic matter and residual) and metal uptake by plant cultures. Metal contents were determined, after wet digestion with HF—HNO₃—HC1O₄ when necessary, by AAS (Ca, Mg, Cu, Pb, Mn, Fe, Zn) or emission (Na, K). The treatment of soil with successive amounts of sulphuric leads to changes in particle size, hydration properties and exothermic peak for organic matter combustion. Very small changes were, however, detected in the alkaline treatment of soil. Soil treatments do not have practical influence on speciation of some metals (Na, K, Mg, Pb, Mn, Fe), but the intensity of the acid treatment leads to both an increase in the Cu extraction and a decrease in the Ca solubilization, probably through gypsum formation. In the case of zinc a maximum solubility in the middle of the range of acid treatment was observed. The comparison among extractants shows solubilities high for two pollutants (Pb, Cu), associated mainly to Fe—Mn oxides and organic matter, and low for two macrocomponents (Fe, K). The rest of metals, basically present in soil as carbonates or oxides, have intermediate extractions. Pot cultures weights depended mainly on both the treatment of soil (poor development in the more acid sample and drainage difficulties in the rest of acid treatments) and the situation (very low weights in laboratory runs as compared with outside), but the irrigation with water or a diluted sulphuric acid solution (at pH = 4.0) did not produce significant weight changes. Tendencies to increase plant pollution were observed for smaller soil pH, acid irrigation and probably for outside cultures, due to uptake by leaves.     

Chemical fractionation of metals in core sediments of Orogodo River,southern Nigeria

Sequential chemical extraction of metals (Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr, and Zn) from core sediments of the Orogodo River was carried out with a view of providing information on the phase distribution of these metals with respect to depths and seasons. The results indicate that copper was speciated into organic matter/sulfide, Fe–Mn oxides, and residual forms at 0–5?cm depth while at deeper sections copper was predominantly in the residual form. Nickel was speciated mainly into Fe–Mn oxides and residual forms. The average of lead in various particulate phases of the sediment are 0–100% for residual; 0–8% for carbonate; 0–16.2% for exchangeable; 0–10% for organic matter/sulfide form and 22–56% for Fe–Mn oxides bound metals. Manganese was speciated into exchangeable (10–36%) and Fe–Mn oxides bound (10–48%) at the surface layers of 0–20?cm depths and predominantly in the residual form in deeper sections implying partitioning into trioctahydral clay and/or well-defined crystalline oxides. Iron was predominantly in the Fe–Mn oxides and residual fractions, less than 8% in the organic fraction, and 24.4–37.3% in the exchangeable and carbonates fractions at the surface. The percentage contributions of iron in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions decreased to 3.2% at 55–60?cm depth. The amount of chromium in the exchangeable fraction ranged from 0% to 7% for exchangeable; 0–26.5% for organic matter/sulfide bound; 3.8–17.9% for Fe–Mn oxides; and 46.8–100% for residual fraction. The mobility factors of the metals indicated that these metals were relatively mobile at top sections as compared with deeper sections. The overall picture of metal mobility and availability indicates potential contamination risk by Fe, Zn, Mn, and Pb in the Orogodo River sediment system.     

紫外光作用下氯酚的矿化程度比较

有关氯酚污染物光化学降解的研究,已有报道。ＨｕａｎｇＣＰ的工作较有系统性,他研究了四类深度化学氧化过程,检测指标是氯酚浓度。本文研究了在紫外光以及其它因素作用下,氯酚混合溶液的矿化程度,以溶液总有机磷浓度ＴＯＣ作为指标。所得结论,对于含有氯酚废水的治理,具有指导意义;对于难降解     

二氧化氯对水中无机污染物的去除效果研究

本文通过模拟水厂混凝沉淀－过滤工艺，研究了ＣｌＯ２抽量和投加点对水中Ｆｅ＾２＋，Ｍｎ＾２＋，Ｓ＾２－ＣＮ＾－污染物的去除效果，并与液氯进行了对比，结果表明，随ＣｌＯ２投量增大，去除率也增加，且ＣｌＯ２效果优于液氯；后投ＣｌＯ２的去除效果好于中间投和预投ＣｌＯ２，且可省药，这为ＣｌＯ２在饮用水中的应用提供了科学依据。