浅谈公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查工作中存在的问题及对策

根据公路建设项目特点,分析了公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查中存在的问题,从环境监测、环境管理和环境保护措施的执行情况等方面提出了相应的对策和建议。     

江苏省举办建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测人员培训班

为强化建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测管理,规范江苏省建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测,2002年12月,江苏省环境监测中心在南京市举办了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测人员培训班。此次培训班对象主要为江苏省环境监测中心、江苏省辐射监测管理站及省辖市建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测人员。江苏省举办建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测人员培训班~~     

建设项目竣工验收现场监测的问题探讨

对建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测现场中存在的问题进行了阐述分析,并就验收监测中现场勘察、生产负荷、公众意见调查等环节进行了探讨和改进,以全面提高建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作的质量。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收现状及建议

简述了当前建设项目竣工环境保护验收的现状,指出竣工环境保护验收存在权责不明、事中监管缺失、事后监管落地难、监测数据"失真"等问题,提出应落实建设单位的主体责任,规范建设项目竣工环境保护企业自行验收,加强事中、事后监管,整合建设单位监测数据,使验收监测数据发挥实效。     

浅论新时期建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作

简述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作的发展历程,指出,《建设项目环境保护管理条例》(中华人民共和国国务院第682号令)的修订,对验收责任主体、验收行政许可、验收期限、验收监测单位及人员资质和验收信息公开等方面做出了新要求。提出,应以《建设项目竣工环境保护验收技术指南污染影响类》为依据,做好验收监测方案编制、工况记录和报告编写等方面的工作,确保验收报告内容全面、准确,为项目验收提供有力的技术支撑和保障。     

环境保护验收监测方案审核关注点

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测（以下简称“验收监测”）是建设项目环境管理的一项重要内容和基础工作，为建设项目竣工验收提供了科学依据。验收监测技术水平和管理水平的高低，直接影响环保行政主管部门在建设项目竣工验收时的客观与公正，也影响企业自身环境管理的可靠性与长效性。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测中的问题及对策

对竣工的建设项目进行环境保护验收监测(以下简称验收监测)是贯彻执行国家环保总局关于《建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法》(13号令)的重要技术手段,是落实“三同时”环境管理制度的必要措施。验收监测在环保工作中发挥了重要作用,但也存在一些问题。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测

阐述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的目的、内容、条件和依据，提出了验收监测程序。     

浅谈煤矿建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查

着重阐述了煤矿建设项目的主要环境问题及调查重点和调查内容、方法,分析了煤矿建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查中常存在的一些问题,并提出了几点对策和建议.     

内河港口建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查方法研究

内河港口工程是生态影响类建设项目,根据其建设项目的特点,以江苏长江某石油公司码头竣工环境保护验收调查项目为例,提出关于内河港口建设项目竣工环保验收调查的方法,论述验收调查的主要内容及注意事项,针对在验收调查中存在的问题提出对策。     

锅炉烟尘测试中锅炉负荷率的计算方法探讨

GB5468 -91规定 ,锅炉烟尘测试时 ,必须对锅炉的运行负荷进行测试 ,而实际监测过程中 ,许多锅炉房不具备测试的计量条件 ,为了解决这一问题 ,文章提出利用烟气量和空气过剩系数计算锅炉负荷率。在实际监测工作中 ,该方法方便、易于操作 ,所得结果和标准规定方法所得结果有很好的一致性     

城市空气质量周报效用分析

介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施，阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法，指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定，分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识，加大了治理污染的力度，转变了环境监测的职能，促进了环境监测事业的发展     

水中总硬度测量不确定度的评定

采用EDTA滴定法测定水质总硬度的测量不确定度评定。充分考虑测量重复性、标准溶液的配制、滴定等过程对测量的影响,计算水中总硬度的测量相对合成标准不确定度为1·81×10-3。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施GB/T15481-2000 idt ISO/IEC17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》的过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节,提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法,对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

“湖泛”恶臭物质分析及来源浅析

介绍了中国南方"湖泛"中的恶臭物质及检测情况,采用常规分析和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对"湖泛"水样进行检测,认为"湖泛"恶臭物主要是氨和硫醚类物质。根据"湖泛"发生的时间及频次,结合南方地区农业水稻秧田的农药使用情况,推断氨基甲酸酯类农药的使用可能是"湖泛"发生的诱因。     

贵州黔东南州三板溪水库春季拟多甲藻水华特征

2011年3月13日对贵州省黔东南州三板溪水库进行春季浮游植物调查的结果表明,三板溪水库Ⅱ号采样点(下革东)发生以佩纳形拟多甲藻为优势种的拟多甲藻水华,细胞密度高达1.15×10⁷cell/L;板溪水库总氮的最低值为2.09 mg/L,总磷的最低值为0.95 mg/L,三板溪水库的总氮、总磷含量较丰富,不存在总氮或总磷是限制性因子;通过SPSS16.0统计软件分别进行Pearson 积距相关系数分析表明,氮磷比是三板溪水库发生拟多甲藻水华的主要影响原因。     

Environmental Assessment of the Impact of Ozone to the Neuston of the Sea-Surface Microlayer of the Gulf of Mexico

Substantial amounts of NOx (146 000 t/y) and total hydrocarbons (294 000 t/y) are released to the marine atmosphere by the large number of oil and gas operations over Federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Under appropriate meteorological conditions these emissions react to form ozone (0–54 g/m3 over-water) which can affect the marine environment. Using a dry deposition model, this work examines the amount of ozone derived from oil and gas offshore operations and deposited in the sea surface of the Gulf of Mexico, and assesses its impact on the neuston of the sea-surface microlayer. Surface integrated estimates of ozone deposited from oil and gas operations over the sea surface ranges from 400 kg to 1800 kg which results in sea surface concentrations of 15 g/m3. This estimate and the actual toxic ozone levels suggest no acute, toxic impacts to the neuston. However, indirect effects may occur through changes to the pelagic foodwebs and organic carbon pathways. Another potential pathway for ozone impacting the environment is through the production of bromate. Based on the concentrations and time scales (11–139 days) only sublethal effects appear to occur, but uncertainties associated with this assessment need to be further studied. From an ecological perspective, the environmental impacts and risks of NOx and VOC discharges from offshore platforms need to be assessed for neuston and other components of the marine ecosystem.     

Fractionation of heavy metals and assessment of contamination of the sediments of Lake Titicaca

Chemical weathering is one of the major geochemical processes that control the mobilization of heavy metals. The present study provides the first report on heavy metal fractionation in sediments (8–156 m) of Lake Titicaca (3,820 m a.s.l.), which is shared by the Republic of Peru and the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Both contents of total Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Zn and also the fractionation of these heavy metals associated with four different fractions have been determined following the BCR scheme. The principal component analysis suggests that Co, Ni, and Cd can be attributed to natural sources related to the mineralized geological formations. Moreover, the sources of Cu, Fe, and Mn are effluents and wastes generated from mining activities, while Pb and Zn also suggest that their common source is associated to mining activities. According to the Risk Assessment Code, there is a moderate to high risk related to Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Co, and Ni mobilization and/or remobilization from the bottom sediment to the water column. Furthermore, the Geoaccumulation Index and the Enrichment Factor reveal that Zn, Pb, and Cd are enriched in the sediments. The results suggest that the effluents from various traditional mining waste sites in both countries are the main source of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Lake Titicaca.     

Evaluation of method of preparation of passive diffusion tubes for measurement of ambient nitrogen dioxide

This study was carried out in response to suggestions that the measurement of NO(2) by Palmes-type passive diffusion tubes (PDT) is affected by the method of preparation of the triethanolamine (TEA) absorbent coating on the grids. The following combinations of factors were investigated: TEA solvent (acetone or water), volume composition of TEA in solvent (50% or 20%), and grid coating method (dipping in solution prior to assembly or pipetting solution on after assembly). Duplicate PDTs prepared by each of the 8 methods were exposed in parallel, in urban air, for a total of 80 separate 1 week exposures. NO(2) concentrations derived from PDTs prepared by pipetting methods were significantly less precise than concentrations from dipping methods, with mean RSDs for duplicate measurements of 13.8% and 8.5%, respectively (n= 316 each category). Pipetting methods using solutions of 50% TEA composition were particularly imprecise (mean RSD 17.2%). Data from PDTs prepared by pipetting methods were systematically more poorly correlated with each other and with data from co-located chemiluminescence analysers, than corresponding data from PDTs prepared by dipping methods, indicating that more consistent accuracy was also obtained by the latter PDTs. The statistical evidence suggested that PDTs prepared by pipetting 50% TEA in water generally gave lower NO(2) concentrations. Although this is in agreement with a previous study, it is also possible that such an observation here may be a statistical artefact given the demonstrably poorer precision of this method. The general tendency of PDTs to show positive bias in NO(2) measurement in urban air in 1 week exposures was again evident in this study (mean biases at roadside and urban centre locations of +35% (n= 475) and +18% (n= 112), respectively) consistent with augmentation of within-tube NO(2) flux by chemical reaction between co-diffusing NO and O(3). Overall, it is recommended that the pipetting method of PDT grid preparation is avoided, or at least investigated further, because of the apparent degradation in precision and accuracy of NO(2) measurement. Potential reasons for the effect are discussed.     

Monitoring of the functioning of ecosystems

The theoretical basis, the content and the possible applications of the program Monitoring of ecosystems are considered. A functional definition of ecosystem is proposed, and some features of ecosystems are defined on this basis. The program Monitoring of ecosystems is visualized as a large-scale program of simple measurements of the rates of the main ecosystem processes. The expected results can be utilized in two ways: (1) a comparative knowledge of ecosystem functioning provides the fundamentals of geography of ecosystems, and (2) the constant, repeatable evaluation of a given ecosystem function provides a basis for its rational management.