典型工况下机车牵引电机轴承润滑油失效机理初步分析

从润滑油的基础知识、轴承失效形式及机理等方面入手,重点分析机车牵引电机轴承润滑油在典型工况下的失效机理,找出机车牵引电机轴承润滑油在典型工况下的主要性能指标、检测方法以及各种试验规范,为典型工况下,轴承润滑油的失效分析提供理论和试验依据。     

不同的生产环境对电机核心零部件的绝缘电阻影响分析

通过对电机核心零部件线圈、轴承进行降尘和恒温恒湿试验,比对试验前后产品绝缘电阻的变化规律,分析灰尘、湿度、温度等生产环境对产品绝缘性的影响,给出合理生产环境条件建议。     

国内电工产品可靠性研究动态综述(下)

三、电机的可靠性 1、中小型电机的可靠性 中小型电机是工业生产中故障率最高的一类电工产品。 整台电机的可靠度是绝缘、轴承、炭刷、滑环或换向器、密封等各部件可靠度的连乘积。整机是可修复元件,轴承、炭刷可以在维修时定期更换,而换向器或滑环、密封装置可以修复,只有绝缘结构真正影响到电机的寿命。中小型电机的可靠性主要是绝缘的可靠性。     

基于空心轴探伤耦合剂干扰的动车组轴箱轴承台架试验的研究

针对动车组空心轴探伤过程中少量的探伤耦合剂进入轴箱轴承内是否会对轴箱轴承润滑脂的性能产生影响的问题,开展含有探伤耦合剂的轴箱轴承台架试验研究,通过同条件下新润滑脂和注入探伤耦合剂的新润滑脂对比试验,分析探伤耦合剂对轴箱轴承运行性能的影响,然后在对台架试验后的两套轴承进行拆解,通过轴承检测和润滑脂化验分析,研究探伤耦合剂对轴承本体和润滑脂特性的影响,为指导空心车轴探伤后动车组轴箱轴承的安全运行提供保障。     

基于模糊算法的低速高扭矩电机热管理系统

为了改善大功率伺服电机工作通常处在低速高扭矩的状态、内部铁磁材料磁力下降影响电机性能的情况,研究了大功率伺服电机转定子的内油冷式冷却散热技术,并基于工业物联网平台的管理系统,研发了低速高扭矩电机热管理系统.针对当前大功率伺服电机热管理多采用固定阈值的简单判断方法,存在判断标准单一、判断结果不准确问题,本文采用模糊综合评...     

恶劣工况环境下电机定子清洗技术研究

主要针对运行在恶劣工况条件下的电机定子清洗的方法进行探讨。通过采用恒温浸泡式清洗工艺对定子线圈的油污灰尘进行清洗,有效解决了定子线圈清洗的难题。     

船用电机的四种湿热试验条件严酷程度的验证和探讨(上)

本文通过船用电机在GB2423.4/81,JB839—75.MIL—STD—810C及模拟舰船船舱环境条件的四种湿热试验条件下绝缘性能及外观质量的验证和对比,分析了四种湿热试验条件的严酷程度,並运用数理统计手段,寻求它们之间的相互关系,为修订军、民船用电机标准提供依据。     

PWM变频驱动电机轴电压与轴电流的测试方法

PWM变频器的广泛应用大大改善了电机调速性能,但是,由于PWM变频器共模电压在电机内部耦合电容作用下,形成轴电压和轴电流,会引起轴承早期失效危及系统安全运行。轴电流问题的研究包括对轴电流的分析、预测和抑制。然而这些过程需要轴电压和轴电流的准确测量进行验证和比对分析。设计合理而有效的测量装置和测量方法是非常重要的一环。在分析轴电流产生机理的基础上,对现有的各种轴电流测量方法和轴承阻抗特性测试方法进行介绍,总结对比这几种方法的优缺点,为轴电流的测试平台的新设计提供参考。     

汽车综合耐久试验和强化腐蚀试验腐蚀相关性研究

本文期望通过研究汽车综合耐久试验与强化腐蚀试验工况环境下的腐蚀相关性,找到整车综合耐久试验和整车道路强化腐蚀试验工况环境下的腐蚀当量关系,进而评估综合耐久试验车辆和实际用户车辆的腐蚀相关性,用来指导汽车产品设计验证开发。     

基于工况分析法的DCT换档品质耐久试验方法研究

通过对中国用户使用数据的工况分析,识别出与DCT失效模式相关联的典型工况;通过工况转化和等效技术开发出一定质量目标下的试验场车辆行驶规范。兼顾了中、低扭矩或负荷下的DCT在整车条件下的试验认证。     

一种富勒烯衍生物的合成研究

富勒烯独特的分子结构,使其具有许多优异的物理性质,在光、电、磁、药物化学等方面有着广阔的应用前景.富勒烯研究几乎涉及物理学、化学以及材料科学的各个领域,同时对生物学、医学等也产生了巨大冲击,这使富勒烯家族成为当前科学界研究的热点.本文制备了一种水溶性富勒烯衍生物C60（NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2）m,并对其进行了红外吸收光谱和电喷雾质谱的表征.红外吸收光谱结果表明乙二胺已连接在C60上,电喷雾质谱结果表明C60与乙二胺的加成产物主要有C60 NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2、C60（NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2）2、C60（NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2）3和C60（NH2 CH2CH2 NH2）4.     

Nonlinear control of a wind turbine based on nonlinear estimation techniques for maximum power extraction

This work proposes nonlinear estimators with nonlinear controllers, for variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) considering that either the wind speed measurement is not available or not accurate. The main objective of this work is to maximize the energy capture from the wind and minimizes the transient load on the drive train. Controllers are designed to adjust the generated torque for maximum power output. Estimation of effective wind speed is required to achieve the above objectives. In this work the estimation of effective wind speed is done by using the Modified Newton Rapshon (MNR), Neural Network (NN) trained by different training algorithms and nonlinear time series based estimation. Initially the control strategies applied was the classical ATF (Aerodynamic torque feed forward) and ISC (Indirect speed control), however due their weak performance and unmodeled WT disturbances, nonlinear static and dynamic feedback linearization techniques with the above wind speed estimators are proposed.     

中温厌氧消化垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液的试验研究

采用逐渐提高有机负荷的半连续进料方式,研究中温(35℃左右)条件下,猪粪为接种物,厌氧消化焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液的消化规律。试验以5%为单位,由5%体积负荷渗滤液起开始填料,逐步提高至35%的体积负荷。试验进行的7个负荷,消化系统pH值稳定在7.2~7.8之间,碱度、氨氮浓度较高,分别在7803~17948 mg/L、673~1630 mg/L之间,为系统提供了良好的酸碱缓冲环境。低负荷时,VFA值较低,生物气中甲烷含量稳定在60%左右;高负荷时,随着渗滤液的加入,VFA值波动较大,甲烷含量也随VFA值的变化起伏波动(25%负荷时,甲烷含量出现峰值,高达75.5%)。消化系统共进料2800 mL渗滤液(即197.3 gCODCr),累计产气量83086 mL,平均每gCODCr产沼气约421.1 mL(平均gCODcr产甲烷约273.7 mL)。进水渗滤液CODCr浓度为70472 mg/L,实验结束时,消化液CODCr浓度降至3373 mg/L,CODCr去除率高达95.2%。     

Evaluation of rainfall erosivity in Bheta Gad catchment, Kumaun Hills of Uttar Pradesh, central Himalayas

The importance of the size of raindrop in causing soil detachment and splash has long been recognized, although the total energy expended on erosion by splash may be small. The aggressiveness of rainfall or its capacity to cause detachment can be expressed in terms of drop size, rainfall intensity and kinetic energy or momentum. An attempt has been made to determine the rainfall erosivity (EI) of two gauged stations where continuous rainfall recorders were installed, on the basis of rainfall characteristics. Thus, the relationship between average storm EI₃₀ (rainfall erosivity for 30 minutes interval) values and average depths of rainfall could be developed for the Bheta Gad basin of the Gomati River in the Hindu-Kush Himalayas. The analysis has revealed that if factors other than rainfall remain constant, soil splash erosion from cultivated fields is directly proportional to the rainstorm parameter identified as EI.     

Field investigation of pavement rehabilitation utilizing cold in-place recycling

Despite the widespread field and laboratory research works there are still a lot of unknown aspects about the cold in-place recycling. This paper presents the outcomes of a five year evaluation of a major highway in Iran which had been rehabilitated by cold in-place recycling. Before starting the rehabilitation process, a comprehensive field survey was performed. During the pavement surveying, type, severity and reason of distresses were investigated and PCI parameter was calculated. Furthermore, both destructive and nondestructive tests were carried out to evaluate the pavement condition and estimate the remaining life. On the basis of these investigations studied highway was divided to six design sections. Based on technical analysis four sections were recycled whereas two other sections were rehabilitated with the conventional cold milling and overlay method. Afterwards, the pavement performance was monitored during the next 5 years. After about six months of monitoring, structural failures were detected in about 10% of recycled areas. Based on field surveying, low compaction and load bearing of subgrade materials and lack of high quality unbound pavement layers accompanied by some shortcomings in recycled layer resulted in undesirable results in these areas. Based on obtained results and performed analysis a practical flowchart was presented which could be used as a project selection guideline.     

Development and Application of the 2010 Chesapeake Bay Watershed Total Maximum Daily Load Model

The Phase 5.3 Watershed Model simulates the Chesapeake watershed land use, river flows, and the associated transport and fate of nutrient and sediment loads to the Chesapeake Bay. The Phase 5.3 Model is the most recent of a series of increasingly refined versions of a model that have been operational for more than two decades. The Phase 5.3 Model, in conjunction with models of the Chesapeake airshed and estuary, provides estimates of management actions needed to protect water quality, achieve Chesapeake water quality standards, and restore living resources. The Phase 5.3 Watershed Model tracks nutrient and sediment load estimates of the entire 166,000 km² watershed, including loads from all six watershed states. The creation of software systems, input datasets, and calibration methods were important aspects of the model development process. A community model approach was taken with model development and application, and the model was developed by a broad coalition of model practitioners including environmental engineers, scientists, and environmental managers. Among the users of the Phase 5.3 Model are the Chesapeake watershed states and local governments, consultants, river basin commissions, and universities. Development and application of the model are described, as well as key scenarios ranging from high nutrient and sediment load conditions if no management actions were taken in the watershed, to low load estimates of an all‐forested condition.     

Impact of various blends of Mimusops elengi methyl esters on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

The basic objective of the research work was to study the effect of various blends of Mimusops elangi methyl ester (MEME) on engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection compression ignition engine, running at constant speed. The raw oil was extracted from Mimusops elangi seeds through mechanical crusher. The neat MEME was obtained through transesterification process and mixed with diesel in versatile proportions of 10% of MEME (10% MEME–90% Diesel), 20% of MEME(20% MEME–80% Diesel), 30% of MEME(30% MEME–70% Diesel), 40% of MEME(40% MEME–60% Diesel), and 100% MEME on a volume basis. Their properties were validated based on ASTM standards. Experimental investigation revealed that the 20% blend resulted in 4.18%, 5.12% more prominent performance characteristics of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, and superior emission diminution of 5.26% of HC, 16.6% of CO, 6.2% of smoke when compared with base diesel fuel, despite marginal penalty of 5.26% of carbon dioxide and 4.8% of oxides of nitrogen emission at full load condition. Characteristics of combustion parameters like pressure inside the cylinder and rate of the heat released were superior for 20% blend of MEME at the peak load condition.     

高流量负荷下甲苯废气生物净化过程的动力学模拟研究

以轻质陶块为填料,探讨了生物膜填料塔净化处理高流量负荷下低浓度甲苯废气的生物净化过程,并依据“吸附一生物膜”理论建立相关的动力学模型。经采用实验室数据对影响过程进行模拟,对比验证结果,表明该模型的模拟计算值和实验值之间均有很好的拟合性,从而验证了模型的正确性。     

An investigation of engine and fuel system performance in a diesel engine operating on waste cooking oil

Waste cooking oil (WCO) was experimentally examined to determine whether it can be used as an alternative fuel in a 3-cylinder, 4-stroke, direct injection, 48 kW power tractor engine. The test engine was operated under full load conditions using diesel fuel and waste vegetable oil from the 2400 to 1100 rpm and performance values were recorded. Tests were performed in two stages to evaluate the effect of the waste oils on the engine life cycle. When the test engine was operated with diesel fuel and waste cooking oil; engine torque decreased between at ratio of 0.09 % and 3% according to the engine speed. While no significant difference occurs in the diesel fuel tests at the end of 100 hours of operation, an important reduction was observed in the engine torque of the WCO engine between 4.21% and 14.48% according to the engine speed, and an increase in average smoke opacity ratio was also observed. In accordance with the results obtained from the studies, it was determined that the engine performance values of waste cooking oil show similar properties with diesel fuel, but in long-term usage, performance losses increased. In the SEM analysis performed on the fuel system, there were dark deposits at the nozzle tip and stem. According to an EDX analysis at the nozzle tips, the detected elements point to engine oil ash in the combustion chamber and show coking products (C and O). The other elements (Na, S, Ca, P, Cl, and K) point to used WCO.