海南岛玻璃陨石的地球化学特征

海南岛玻璃陨石具有高的SiO2及低的CaO和MgO含量，主量元素的含量以及老石化学的特征与澳大利亚、印支、菲律宾和爪哇的玻璃陨石相近，暗示它们可能具有相似的成因。海南岛玻璃陨石稀土元素分配模式为轻稀土富集型，并具有明显的负Eu异常。它们的Th／Sc比值为1．03～1．17，Th／Sm比值为1．67～2．18、Th／U比值为4．95～87，Rb／Ba比值为0．316～0．364。REE元素与微量元素的特征与北美页岩和东海大陆架沉积物极为相似，揭示了它们可能的源岩为较新的沉积物。     

中国大陆微玻璃陨石的裂变径迹年龄测定

用裂变径迹法对江苏新沂、泗洪等地第四纪下更新世王圩组地层中的微玻璃陨石进行了年龄测定，实验采用外探测器法，年龄计算中对微玻璃陨石和白云母的蚀刻效率进行了校正，两个样品六个颗粒测定的结果分别为：0．64、0．70、0．51、0．65、0．68和0．49Ma，平均（0．61±0．09）Ma。对微玻璃陨石的成因和裂变径迹年龄的意义进行了讨论。     

A three-dimensional prediction system for water qualitypolluction in coastal waters

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＨａｋａｔａＢａｙｉｓａｓｅｍｉ ｅｎｃｌｏｓｅｄｂａｙ(ｆｒｏｍ 33°34′Ｎｔｏ 33°41′Ｎａｎｄｆｒｏｍ 1 30°1 3′Ｅｔｏ 1 30°2 6′Ｅ)ｌｏｃａｔｅｄａｔｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＫｙｕｓｈｕＩｓｌａｎｄ ,Ｊａｐａｎ .ＴｈｅｌｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｗｉｄｔｈｏｆＨａｋａｔａＢａｙｉｓａｂｏｕｔ2 0ｋｍａｎｄ 1 0ｋｍｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ .Ｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅａｒｅａｉｓａｂｏｕｔ 1 33ｋｍ2 ａｎｄｔｈｅｍｅａｎｗａｔｅｒｄｅｐｔｈｉｓａｂｏｕｔ1 0 .5ｍ .Ｔｈｅｂａｙｍｏｕｔ…     

洪泽湖湿地省级自然保护区的建设问题及对策

1　前言2 0 0 1年 11月 14日经江苏省人民政府批准建立了泗洪洪泽湖湿地自然保护区。本文拟通过保护区一年来的管理实践 ,及对所存在问题的分析 ,以便为今后更好地开展保护区建设提出一些有益的建议及对策。2　湿地保护区现状洪泽湖是我国五大淡水湖之一 ,是我国最大的具有防洪、灌溉、调水、水产、水运、水电等功能的综合利用平原型水库 ,也是举世瞩目的南水北调东线输水的重要调蓄水大型湖泊之一。洪泽湖湿地省级自然保护区地处泗洪县境内 ,地理坐标为东经 118°13′9″— 118°2 8′4 2″ ,北纬 33°2 0′2 7″— 33°10′4 0″。总面积 …     

月亮高度及升降时刻与方位的计算

本文编制了计算某地理位置、某一天月亮的出升下降时刻和方位、月亮最高高度和某一时刻月亮高度和方位的计算程序 ,并对程序进行了检验。以防灾技术高等专科学校三楼实训室的地理坐标 (116°4 7 6 31′E ,39°5 7 0 90′N)为例 ,计算了防灾技术高等专科学校 2 0 0 2年 12月 30日 9点 5 4分 30秒的各参数值。     

宇宙尘埃中的须状和小片状辉石——气相生长晶体的证据

<正> 从20km高的大气平流层中收集到的最常见的微陨石样品,是一种富含碳的物质,其性脆,具细粒状。其化学组成类似于CI球粒陨石,但其中<20％属于CP亚群。CP为多孔的微球粒陨石。经扫描电镜和透射电镜观察,发现CP样品中有顽火辉石的须状体和小片状体,其中须状体又分为条带状和杆状两类,它们具有异常的形态,与地球、月球和陨石中产出的     

地面风对瓦里关山大气CO2本底浓度的影响分析

使用 1994年 7月— 2 0 0 0年 7月大气CO2 和地面风现场连续观测资料 ,分析了瓦里关全球大气本底基准站 (36°17′N ,10 0°5 4′E ,海拔 3816m)地面风变化对大气CO2 本底浓度的影响 .结果表明 ,水平风向、风速和垂直风向、风速的变化对大气CO2 观测值的影响在春、夏、秋、冬季有明显不同 .由大量观测事实的统计平均还给出了瓦里关山大气CO2 浓度在不同季节的分布范围和日变化类型 ,并分析了形成原因 .将地面风数据作为大气CO2 本底资料的过滤因子之一 ,提出了适用于不同使用目的和要求的我国内陆高原地区大气CO2 本底数据筛选方法     

对马陵山地震台观测环境的分析

1　台站概况马陵山地震台位于郯城县城东北 2 0千米马陵山主峰西坡 ,地理坐标东经 1 1 8°2 7′2 1″,北纬34°4 2′8″ ,海拔 1 1 0米。台站位于沂沭断裂带内安丘———莒县断裂带东侧。台基岩石为白垩系紫红色砂岩、粉页岩 ,地层倾向东南 ,倾角 6 0°～ 70°。受断裂构造影响 ,台基岩石比较破碎。该台是海城地震后 ,根据国务院 6 9号文件为加强郯庐活动断裂地震监测与研究而设立的。 1 975年 3月建成 ,同年部分仪器投入观测 ,台站大部分仪器放置在部队开挖的备战坑道 ,坑道全长1 51 5米 ,洞内年温差小于 0 3℃ ,从环境上看是比较理想的。…     

北京微熔融石的成因初探

北京发现的微熔融石（microtektite）与月球上的玻璃小球和地球上的玄武岩的化学成分比较结果表明，它们之间的差异很大，彼此之间没有任何必然的联系，排除了北京微熔融石是地球上玄武岩喷发产物的可能性，也排除了是来自月球上陨石冲击溅射物和火山喷发物的可能性。我们认为，北京发现的这些玻璃小球很可能是陨石或慧星撞击地球上高Ca、高Mg、低SiO2的沉积物或土壤时的溅射物。     

海湾水交换的研究——乳山东湾环境容量初步探讨

一、前言 乳山东湾从东乳山至锚葫咀一线以东海域,大约位于121°29′-121°37′E,36°47′-36°51′N的范围内(图1)。湾口与乳山西湾相接,其西湾外与黄海相接。乳山东湾外即西湾主航道南侧,先顶山西北角有一礁石(称为取脚石)阻挡。乳山西湾东南侧有一片沙港呈“┙”形阻挡。西湾口内水深最深处可达15米,而湾口外水深度变浅,可达5-6米。因此,     

马里亚纳海槽玄武岩K-Ar定年及其地质意义

对马里亚纳海槽弧后扩张脊上所采集的玄武岩样品进行了系统的K -Ar定年 ,同时结合研究玄武岩的微量元素以及稀土元素特征后指出 ,马里亚纳海槽的张开及与之伴随发生的玄武岩浆活动自晚中新世以来一直都在进行 ,其主活动期为 2～ 4Ma。海槽玄武岩年龄在空间上具有从南到北逐渐变新的演化规律。据此 ,推断该海槽的扩张演化可能受控于该区内热区的迁移及运动规律     

邯郸市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(1.0)在线监测研究

对2015年3月—2016年2月邯郸市大气中的PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(1.0)进行了在线监测,探讨了其质量浓度的变化特征,并分析了其质量浓度与风速、风向的关系。结果表明:邯郸市颗粒物质量浓度水平较高,β射线吸收法所监测的PM_(10_WET)、PM_(2.5_WET)和PM_(1.0_WET)年均浓度值分别为202.5,114.8,81.1μg/m~3,PM_(2.5_DRY)/PM_(10_WET)和PM_(2.5_WET)/PM_(10_WET)分别为0.58、0.70,PM_(1_DRY)/PM_(2.5_WET)和PM_(1_WET)/PM_(2.5_WET)分别为0.58、0.71,PM_(2.5)为PM_(10)中的主要组成,PM_(1.0)为PM_(2.5)中的主要组成。邯郸市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(1.0)质量浓度冬季最高;PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(1.0)日变化峰值为上午09:00左右,谷值为下午16:00左右,扬沙、降雨,霾和春节不同条件下PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(1.0)差异明显。邯郸市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(1.0)的浓度高值主要分布在风向0°~100°和175°~225°、风速小于1 m/s的情况下。     

南京地区DDTs跨界面迁移与归趋的研究

以DDTs(p, p￠ -DDT, o, p￠ -DDT, p, p￠ -DDD)为研究对象,建立了南京地区DDTs的四级逸度模型,模拟计算了DDTs研究区域环境大气、水体、土壤、沉积物和植物相中的浓度及相间迁移通量.结果表明,以p, p￠ -DDT为例,在水、土壤、沉积物、植物相中的模拟输出浓度分别为9.72×10-9,9.87×10-5,4.61×10-6,8.28×10-6mol/m3.与当地对应环境相中的DDTs实测浓度2.69×10-9,2.41×10-4,8.15×10-6,2.43× 10-5mol/m3在数量级上吻合较好,验证了模型在南京地区的适用性,并预测了2000~2050年间DDTs在各相中浓度的动态变化情况.比较了各城市间多介质环境迁移特征,结果显示,南京地区的DDTs相间迁移过程与杭州地区近似,主要迁移过程依次为:气-土沉降,水-沉积物相沉降,气-水沉降,土-水流失(土壤侵蚀),水-气扩散.但不同于我国北方地区的以气-土沉降,气-水沉降或水-气扩散为主.南京地区早期的农药施用是DDTs的主要来源,占总输入量的97.69%,大气和土壤中的降解则是DDTs的主要消失途径,占总降解量的95.44%~95.96%,其余4.04%~4.56%通过水、沉积物、植物降解和气/水平流输出而消失.今后几十年中,土壤和沉积物成为DDTs的主要储库,占总量的99.28%左右,并且植物相中的浓度已大幅下降.     

太湖附泥藻类时空分布及与环境因子的关系

为探讨太湖附泥藻类时空分析及与N、P等环境因子之间的关系,在不同季节采取太湖不同湖区表层沉积物,采用常规理化分析方法测定环境中的氮、磷含量及其他理化指标,利用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)分析附泥藻类光合色素叶绿素a(Chl.a)、叶绿素b(Chl.b)、岩藻黄素(Fuco)及玉米黄素(Zea)含量。结果表明：太湖水体及表层沉积物N、P浓度空间差异明显,水体中TN、TP及总溶解性磷均表现为梅梁湾>贡湖湾>胥口湾,且空间差异显著(P<0.05),而胥口湾表层沉积物中TP及Fe-P含量显著低于梅梁湾及贡湖湾(P<0.05)。太湖附泥藻类生物量(Chl.a)及3种特征色素含量存在显著的时空差异。从空间上看,Chl.a最高值出现在贡湖湾,其值为(12.79±3.69)μg/g,最低值出现在胥口湾,其值为(2.46±1.14)μg/g。在秋季及夏季,贡湖湾附泥藻类Chl.a及3种特征色素含量高于梅梁湾,梅梁湾又高于胥口湾;在春季,梅梁湾附泥藻类Chl.a高于贡湖湾及胥口湾。从季节上看,附泥藻类Chl.a与特征色素Chl.b变化一致,梅梁湾与胥口湾在春季较高,夏季和秋季相对较...     

An assessment of carbon stock for various land use system in Aravally mountains, Western India

Reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation in developing countries is of the central importance in efforts to combat climate change. A study was conducted to measure carbon stocks in various land-use systems including forms and reliably estimates the impact of land use on carbon (C) stocks in the forest of Rajasthan, western India (23°3′–30°12′N longitude and 69°30′–78°17′E). 22.8% of India is forested and 0.04% is the deforestation rate of India. In Indian forest sector of western India of Aravally mountain range covered large area of deciduous forest and it’s very helpful in carbon sequestration at global level. The carbon stocks of forest, plantation (reforestation) and agricultural land in aboveground, soil organic and fine root within forest were estimated through field data collection. Results revealed that the amount of total carbon stock of forests (533.64?±?37.54 Mg·ha^?1, simplified expression of Mg (carbon) ·ha^?1) was significantly greater (P?<?0.05) than the plantation (324.37?±?15.0 Mg·ha^?1) and the agricultural land (120.50?±?2.17 Mg·ha^?1). Soil organic carbon in the forests (172.84?±?3.78 Mg·ha^?1) was also significantly greater (P?<?0.05) than the plantation (153.20?±?7.48 Mg·ha^?1) and the agricultural land (108.71?±?1.68 Mg·ha^?1). The differences in carbon stocks across land-use types are the primary consequence of variations in the vegetation biomass and the soil organic matter. Fine root carbon was a small fraction of carbon stocks in all land-use types. Most of the soil organic carbon and fine root carbon content was found in the upper 30-cm layer and decreased with soil depth. The aboveground carbon (ABGC): soil organic carbon (SOC): fine root carbon ratios (FRC), was 8:4:1, 4:5:1, and 3:37:1 for the forest, plantation and agricultural land, respectively. These results indicate that a relatively large proportion of the C loss is due to forest conversion to agricultural land.     

镉与天然固体表面络合物的条件稳定常数

本文研究天然固体、伊利土和湘江悬浮沉积物从水中吸附极低浓度(ppb级)的镉时吸附量随pH的变化;同时研究不同pH值时的吸附等温线。根据简单的表面络合模式,利用线性关系及其分配系数,求取不同pH值时的天然固体与镉形成的表面络合物的条件稳定常数。条件稳定常数随pH值的上升,分为两个区域而呈线性增长。据此求得表面络合反应的条件络合常数。镉与伊利土和湘江悬浮沉积物的表面络合物条件稳定常数分别为3.0—1.8×10~2和0.8—2.5×10~2(pH5.0—8.5).低pH区伊利土和湘江悬浮沉积物吸附镉的条件络合常数分别为3.3×10~(-2)和2.8×10~(-2),高pH区二者的络合常数分别为5.6×10~(-5)和8.5×10~(-8)。     

The evaluation of some photochemical smog reaction mechanisms—I. Temperature and initial composition effects

Four popular photochemical reaction mechanisms, Caltech, CB-III, CB-XR and CB-IV, are evaluated using a major, newly available set of outdoor smog chamber data. The smog chamber experiments were carried out under conditions representative of urban air. Sixteen experiments with various temperature and initial HC/NO_x ratios are used to test model performance. In general the four photochemical smog models are found to give results in good agreement with experiment, particularly at moderate temperatures (15–25°C) and HC/NO_x ratios of 7–16 and when the initial organic composition included gasoline vapour, synthetic exhaust and solvents. At higher temperatures (30–45°C) and at lower HC/NO_x ratios (<5) the agreement is not as good. For HC/NO_x = 3.5 the CB-XR and CB-IV mechanisms underestimate the final O₃ concentration by up to 82%. When solvent emissions are omitted from the initial composition the Caltech and CB-III models overestimate the final O₃ concentration by up to 59%.     

Effects of different sediment fractions on sorption of galaxolide

Sorption isotherms of galaxolide (HHCB) of different fractions from two sediments with different mineral and organic carbon contents were determined to compare HHCB sorption behavior and contribution to the total sorption. The HHCB sorption isotherms that used the batch equilibration method were studied on different sediments of different fractions. The sorption isotherms of 600°C heating fractions were detailed using the linear model, while the other fractions were nonlinear and fitted well with the Freundlich model. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removed, NaOH extracted, and 375°C heating fractions showed more nonlinear sorption than the original sediments, which suggested more heterogeneous sorption sites in these fractions. Compared to the original sediments, the 375°C heating fractions had higher carbonnormalized distribution coefficient (K _oc) values, indicating a higher sorption affinity for HHCB. Among the different sediment fractions, the contribution of the 600°C heating fractions to the overall sorption were the lowest (< 20%), while the 375°C heating fractions were the highest (up to 85%).     

水体沉积物中磷释放的影响因素

概述了水体沉积物中磷的存在形态以及磷素释放的影响因素。主要讨论了溶解氧、温度、pH值、水体扰动、沉积物组成、生物作用和光照对沉积物磷释放的影响,并提出了目前存在的问题和未来发展的方向,为水体富营养化的研究提供了科学的理论依据。     

Terpenes in a conifer forest: Detection at sub-parts per billion level without sample preconcentration

In a natural atmosphere free from anthropogenic emissions, terpenes constitute a major part of the biogenic hydrocarbon family. The study of their involvement in chemical reactions with various oxidants in the atmosphere requires continuous and accurate checking of their diurnal concentration variations. In past studies, the ever present sample preconcentration step with large sample volumes is expected to be associated with the problems of sample loss or chemical modifications in addition to their limitations on the measurement frequency. To improve upon these drawbacks, a commercially available microprocessor-based portable gas chromatograph with an ultra-sensitive detector was successfully tested and used for in situ measurements. With a direct sample volume of a few hundred microlitres of ambient air and suitable selection of the column packing material, quick separation of the various components was achieved. Excellent operational features and on-line calibration with pure samples allowed accurate and instant measurements during field studies. The photoionization (PI) detector allowed high S/N ratio even at sub-parts per billion level concentration of the hydrocarbons. Data collected over a one-year period under varying meteorological conditions from a conifer forest situated at Gulmarg (34°03′N, 74°24′E, 2650 m MSL) indicates the suitability of this system for remote field studies and also throws light on the lifecycle of these hydrocarbons in the natural atmosphere. The different hydrocarbons measured in this evaluation study includes isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene.