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借助系统分析的原理,从区域大气环境容量入手,以浓度控制、P值控制与总量控制相结合为基本方法,建立起“三个削减量”和“一个系数”为技术核心的大气污染总量控制模式,并首次将费用函数应用于其中,寻求满足环境、技术、经济约束,且使区域总投资最小的污染物总量控制方案。 相似文献
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结合普洱市实际,通过A-P值法,将普洱市分为城市控制区和城区控制区,计算核定普洱市的理论大气环境容量.该研究成果可作为普洱市合理利用大气环境容量、实现经济建设与环境保护协调发展的技术依据. 相似文献
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利用灰关联分析法对影响大气环境质量的污染因子进行优势分析,判别出主要污染因子,并运用灰色系统理论中的动态建模方法,建立空气质量指数的灰色预测模型,预断评价未来10年城市大气环境质量状况,模型精度较高。 相似文献
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氮氧化物是我国主要大气污染物之一,选择性催化还原( SCR)脱硝技术是目前控制氮氧化物排放的主要技术。对SCR技术的反应机理以及催化剂的研究现状进行了综述,主要介绍了贵金属催化剂、金属氧化物催化剂、分子筛型催化剂以及碳基催化剂的研究进展,并对催化剂应用中存在的主要问题进行了分析,最后对SCR技术未来的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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一、前言随着电力工业的不断发展,排入大气环境的烟尘越来越多。我国环境工作者研究表明,目前我国大气中以尘的污染为主,烟尘是城市大气污染中的主要污染物之一,我国近期环保工作的重点是解决大气中尘的污染。解决这个问题,首先是应了解和研究各地大气中颗粒物(即气溶胶)的浓度和粒度分布规律。在新建、扩建电厂的环境予评价中,须粒物的影响预测也是评价中的主要内容之一。 相似文献
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介绍了国外有关腐蚀性空气环境的分级标准及其检测方法。环境中的腐蚀性气体可对电子元器件及自动控制设备产生腐蚀,影响其性能。根据腐蚀性的严重程度,美国仪器学会标准中将腐蚀性空气环境分为四级。环境腐蚀性置于腐蚀性环境中的铜试条进行检测。 相似文献
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We simulated the long range transport of dust emitted from dust storms that occurred in China by using a global three-dimensional chemical transport model. A modified dust emission flux scheme and a nonlocal diffusion scheme for determining the atmospheric eddy diffusivity in the atmospheric boundary layer were implemented to improve the chemical transport model. We examined the dust transport by comparing the model results with TOMS satellite images. The model calculated monthly total deposition of dust masses were used for comparison with the measurements collected at sampling stations in Japan, and good agreement was found. The model generally reproduced the temporal and spatial variations of dust reasonably well. 相似文献
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Release of Metals from Buildings,Constructions and Products during Atmospheric Exposure in Stockholm
This article presents results from investigations of run-off frommaterials used on buildings and other constructions obtained byshort term exposures of smaller model surfaces and one year exposures of larger materials surfaces on buildings and other constructions. Elevated concentrations of metals in run-off wereobserved for a wide range of different materials used on buildings and other constructions. Sources of metal emission tothe environment includes copper (Cu) surfaces, galvanized steel,impregnated wood, lead (Pb) surfaces, asphalt surfaces, paintedmaterial stainless steel and concrete. Metal emission rates fromsurfaces of copper and galvanized steel were measured from surfaces on buildings during 12 months exposure. The magnitude of metal emission form other surfaces was also estimated and theapplicability of these data for calculations of metal flows inan urban environment is discussed. 相似文献
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结合西安市生态社会经济现状,建立与水环境系统密切相关的承载力指标体系;采用AHP法分析确定评价指标的权重,应用灰色关联度法和模糊综合评判构建水环境承载力评价模型,收集近年数据对西安市水环境承载力进行现状评价。结果表明,西安市水环境承载力从2000年的脆弱到2009年的良好大致呈现连年增强的趋势。但从隶属度矩阵发现,增长的动力来源于经济的良好发展势头,而生态系统已经遭到较严重的破坏,且修复不利,同时科技发展对承载力的贡献也呈现逐年下降趋势。研究表明,解决西安市水环境未来面临的恶化趋势的关键在于加速雨水资源化进程推进。 相似文献
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采用便携式PM2.5采样器和玻璃纤维滤膜对大气粉尘进行采样,以加压液体萃取、超声波辅助提取和微波辅助提取3种方法对多环芳烃类化合物进行提取,以超高效液相色谱和质谱联用方法进行测定。共检测出16种多环芳烃类化合物,分别为:萘、苊、苊烯、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、■、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘和苯并[g,h,i]苝。3种提取方法均可有效提取大气粉尘中的多环芳烃类化合物,加压液体萃取法的提取效率最高、超声波辅助提取法次之、微波辅助提取法最低。超高效液相色谱和质谱连用方法可有效地分析大气粉尘中的多环芳烃类化合物,线性方程的相关系数不低于0.998 3,测定值的相对标准偏差不超过0.80%,检出限不高于0.27 ng/g。 相似文献
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Trends in the Water Chemistry of High Altitude Lakes in Europe 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mosello R. Lami A. Marchetto A. Rogora M. Wathne B. Lien L. Catalan J. Camarero L. Ventura M. Psenner R. Koinig K. Thies H. Sommaruga-Wögrath S. Nickus U. Tait D. Thaler B. Barbieri A. Harriman R. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):75-89
Here we present the chemical trends of seven high altitude lakes, analysed within the AL:PE and MOLAR Projects of the EU (1999) and selected on the basis of the availability of complete and reliable data for the period 1984–1999. The lakes are representative of the Scandinavian Alps, the Cairngorm Mountains in Scotland, the Alps and the Pyrenees. Significant trends were identified for some indicators of acidification, for instance pH and alkalinity, but not all lakes reacted similarly to decreasing depositions of sulphate and base cations. Differences in lake response are discussed in relation to recent variations of atmospheric deposition chemistry and associated changes in climatic conditions. Beside individual variations of the studied lakes, depending, among other things, on altitude and morphology, catchment characteristics and climate trends play a major role for the reaction of high altitude lakes on changes in atmospheric depositions. 相似文献