重点实用技术推广项目

低热值高炉煤气燃气－ 蒸汽联合循环发电装置 　　该装置由重庆钢铁设计研究院开发、重庆市环保局推荐，适用于大型冶金联合企业和大型石化企业的各种低热值尾气回收利用，并可用于煤气化燃气－蒸汽联合循环发电装置工程。 主要技术内容 　　一、基本原理 　　燃气－蒸汽联合循环发电装置是燃气循环机组与蒸汽循环机组的联合体，且蒸汽循环的热量主要在燃气循环的等压排气过程中获得。 　　在联合循环的 T－ S(温熵图 )中， 1－ 2－ 3－ 4－ 1为燃气循环； A－ B－ C－ D－ E－ A为蒸汽循环。在余热锅炉产生蒸汽的循环中，水的加热、蒸…     

低热值高炉煤气燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电装置

该装置由重庆钢铁设计研究院开发、重庆市环保局推荐,适用于大型冶金联合企业和大型石化企业的各种低热值尾气回收利用,并可用于煤气化燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电装置工程.     

宝钢专烧高炉煤气的燃气、蒸汽联合循环机组——节能减污效果明显

宝钢在日本川崎重工业和瑞士ＡＢＢ共同协作下 ,于１９９７年１１月建成投运的专烧高炉煤气的１５万千瓦燃气蒸汽联合循环发电供热机组（简称ＣＣＰＰ）运行良好 ,使宝钢的高炉煤气放散率由１９９７年的１３ ４７ %下降到１９９８年的５ ４７ %和１９９９年１—１１月的１ ４７ % ,将来有可能降到１ %以下 ,发挥了巨大的节能、环保效果。宝钢专烧高炉煤气的燃气、蒸汽联合循环机组——节能减污效果明显     

余热锅炉在绿色油田建设中的应用

余热锅炉的运用使得不同品级的能源可以得到充分合理的利用。中国石油塔里木油田公司在生产实践中,采用燃气发电机组—余热锅炉联合循环技术,用不能再发电的燃气尾气生产蒸汽,对天然气中蕴含的能量进行分级利用,实现了发电、供热双重效益,也降低了对周边环境的热污染。文章对该热电联合循环的工艺流程进行介绍,通过对燃气发电机组尾气的能量传递进行计算,用热力学原理进行分析,以期实现对使用余热锅炉后的热电联产经济性进行综合评价的目的。     

西峰油田伴生气循环回收利用技术应用实践

西峰油田原始气油比高,伴生气量大,为高效回收利用伴生气资源,开发出了井口定压集气、油气混输、油气分输、三相分离、原油稳定、大罐抽气等伴生气回收技术,实现了从井口至联合站的全过程密闭集输,充分回收伴生气资源,并通过轻烃回收、燃气发电、余热利用等技术的实施,实现了伴生气资源的高效利用。     

日本垃圾发电新技术

通常的垃圾发电技术是将垃圾投入焚烧炉中燃烧，由垃圾燃烧产生的热制造蒸汽，驱动蒸汽轮机发电。垃圾中含有大量的盐分和氯乙烯等物质，燃烧后会产生一种含有氯元素的气体，这种气体在温度达到300℃时会严重腐蚀锅炉及管道，所以发电用蒸汽的温度只能控制在250℃左右。蒸汽的温度越低，发电效率就越低。通常的垃圾发电技术的发电效率只能达到10％－15％，普通火力发电的发电效率则在40％左右，因而这样的垃圾发电技术难以普及和实用化。日本的“超级垃圾发电技术”就是要提高蒸汽温度，提高发电效率。这项技术的特点是采用蒸汽轮机的同时，…     

循环流化床锅炉掺烧高炉煤气的应用

介绍了高炉煤气的主要燃烧特性，分析了高炉煤气在循环流化床锅炉中掺烧时对炉膛换热、过热蒸汽温度、锅炉负荷、热效率、分离装置以及环境的影响，并提出了消除不良影响的相应措施。     

高效燃料电池

高效燃料电池日本大阪气体公司和富士电机公司共同开发输出功宰５００ＫＷ磷酸型的高效燃料电池。已在西岛制造所正式运转。该电池发电效率４０％，并附设废热回收蒸汽（约１６０℃）和温水（约５５℃）二个系统。能量输出包括废热回收的综合效率可达８０％，是一理想的清...     

长庆油田伴生气回收及综合利用

根据原油生产过程中伴生气的性质和特点,归纳出目前长庆油田伴生气回收技术及其适应性。通过应用"燃料加热"、"轻烃回收"、"燃气发电"三种方式,达到节能减排的目的。针对长庆油田伴生气回收及利用提出了下一步展望:完善混输工艺,优化集气管网,合理调配气量,从而消除伴生气排放污染,达到环保要求。     

废旧电脑拆解工艺与资源化案例研究

以某再生资源公司的废旧电脑拆解为案例进行研究,介绍了工艺技术、拆解回收各种资源的数据。研究结果表明,我国废旧电脑人工拆解-破碎-冶炼相结合的工艺,是电子废弃物循环利用、资源高效回收、减少环境风险的较好工艺技术,符合固废处理的3R(替代、减少、优化)原则。     

电力工业与环境的协调发展

电力系统的发电、输电和用电三部分受自然环境的作用，同时又对环境产生影响,是个相互作用的体系。本文分别从电力系统和环境角度论述了二者的相互作用关系，总结了电力工业面临的各种环境技术问题，并对电力工业的清洁化发展技术做了展望。     

碳税政策对我国电力系统碳减排的影响分析

碳税通常被认为是成本有效的碳减排政策工具。本文利用综合资源规划评价模型,对我国电力系统在碳税征收情景下的碳减排影响进行了分析。研究显示,碳税政策不仅实现了二氧化碳排放量减少的政策目标,同时还促进了电力系统技术和燃料结构的低碳化发展。     

A CLOSED WATER REUSE SYSTEM FOR POWER PLANT COOLING AND DIGESTER HEATING1

ABSTRACT: A model consisting of closed water reuse and productive use of various types of wastes for energy generation is presented. The sewage after treatment would be used as the cooling water for power plants, and the condenser discharge therefrom be used as heating water for sludge digesters. The water is then purified for municipal water supply for continuous use. The advantages of this system are that water resources and energy are conserved while various types of wastes including waste heat are controlled. With a preliminary system analysis, it appears that the design for power plant based on the total heating value of wastes and digester capacity based on sewage sludge generation is feasible in terms of acquisition and full utilization of various types of wastes as generated in a single metropolitan area. The system as shown in this design is in balance among various factors such as the generation rate of municipal refuse, municipal sewage, waste heat in the condenser discharge, and raw sewage sludge.     

POTENTIALS FOR REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS1

ABSTRACT There are several possible ways in which wastewater from municipalities may be reclaimed and reused so as to minimize the need for imported water in North Central Texas. The rationale for reuse is enhanced by the fact that new water quality requirements in the Trinity River system will necessitate a very high degree of treatment at municipal sewage plants, just for discharge to surface streams. The largest potential market for municipal effluent is the steam-electric power industry. Within the next decade the generating capacity for electric power in North Central Texas will have to be more than doubled to meet increasing demand. Adequate supplies of condenser cooling water for such expansion will be difficult to obtain and assure. New large power stations might advantageously be located adjacent to municipal wastewater treatment plants, to utilize effluent as make-up water for cooling towers. Experience elsewhere has shown that well-treated wastewater can be used for cooling tower make-up with a minimum of trouble, with a considerable saving in overall cost, and with conservation of pristine water for other uses.     

Impact of Coal Ash from Electric Power Production on Changes in Water Quality1

ABSTRACT: Since 1972 the use of coal in the U.S. has increased much more rapidly than predicted, with much of this increased use by electric power generating plants. Residue after combustion consists primarily of inorganic materials, with the majority of chemical elements concentrated in fly ash as is sulfate. The concentration of sulfate in this ash fraction most affects the chemical and physical state of other elements when fly ash comes in contact with water by lowering the pH. In a properly constructed and operated ash settling basin, however, major water quality parameters of effluent may be improved as compared to source water. It is necessary, however, to consider the solubility or deposition in sediment of potentially toxic chemical elements from fly ash as these may affect reuse of this water, or as they may impact other parts of the aquatic environment.     

Assessing determinants of industrial waste reuse: The case of coal ash in the United States

Devising effective strategies to facilitate waste reuse depends on the solid understanding of reuse behaviors. However, previous studies of reuse behavior have been limited in scope, focusing mostly on household recycling behaviors or very limited types of industrial wastes. To gain a better understanding of the business reuse behaviors, this study examined the impact of various factors in technical, economic, regulatory, and behavioral categories in the case of coal ash generated in the United States. The results of fixed effect models for fly ash and bottom ash particularly showed the significance role of the behavioral factor. In both models, a proxy variable, which represents knowledge sharing among the power plants or the utility's decision-making, turned out to be statistically significant and had the largest coefficient estimates among a group of variables. This finding may imply that the characteristics of waste reuse behavior are determined more by business decision-making behaviors than by market or institutional factors. However, the role of the behavioral variable was stronger in the bottom ash models than in the fly ash models. While the reuse of bottom ash was determined primarily by the behavioral variable, fly ash reuse was determined by more diverse factors including economic and regulatory variables. This could be explained by material characteristics in relation to competing resources and the nature of reuse applications.     

TDB高效电袋组合除尘器在CFB锅炉的应用

通过分析TDB高效电袋组合除尘器在鄂尔多斯某热电生产中心3×440t／h循环流化床（CFB）锅炉安装运行后的显著除尘效果,介绍了除尘器选型的依据和过程,以及除尘设备的结构和特点、关键技术、运行状况等,为大型流化床锅炉选用除尘器提供了借鉴。     

The role of satellite and decentralized strategies in water resources management

Existing and projected water shortages and related factors have helped focus attention on the need for water reuse. With recent technological advances in wastewater treatment, it is now possible to produce reclaimed water of any quality. Thus, the use of reclaimed water will depend on the reuse opportunities and the cost of the required infrastructure. Historically, centralized wastewater treatment facilities have served the needs of organized societies since the mid 1800s. However, as there are limited options for expansion of most existing centralized facilities, the use of satellite and decentralized wastewater management systems offers significant advantages including being close both to the source of wastewater generation and to potential water reuse applications. The comparative advantages of satellite and decentralized wastewater management systems for a number of water reuse applications are presented and discussed in this paper. Selected case studies are presented to demonstrate the utility of satellite and decentralized wastewater management. Specific issues associated with the application of such systems in existing and in new developments are examined and discussed.     

Numerical modeling and optimization of a power augmented S-type vertical axis wind turbine

An axial symmetry augmented vertical axis wind turbine, which is suitable for arbitrary wind directions, is proposed in this paper. In order to improve the power generation ability of the S-type vertical axis wind turbine, a set of so-called “collection-shield boards” are installed symmetrically around the rotating S-type rotor. The flow fields around this type of wind turbine are numerically simulated with the aid of CFD method. The optimized design of geometrical parameters of the rotor and collection-shield boards is conducted by using the orthogonal design method. The obtained results suggest that the power output of the optimized augmented wind turbine can reach nearly three times higher than that of the conventional S-type vertical axis wind turbine.     

Investigations on Blade Tip Tilting for Hawt Rotor Blades Using CFD

The main purpose of this paper is to study the aerodynamic effects of blade tip tilting on power production of horizontal-axis wind turbines by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). For validation and as a baseline rotor, the NREL Phase VI wind turbine rotor blade is used. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Equations are solved and different turbulence models including the Spalart–Allmaras, Standard k-?, k-? Yang–Shih and SST k–ω models are used and tested. The results are shown in terms of power generation at different wind speeds and the pressure distribution at different sections of the blade, and the comparisons are made with the available experimental data. For tip tilting analysis, 16 different geometries belonging to four different configurations are studied. The geometries are generated based on changing the twist and the cant angles of the winglet. The four different configurations are obtained from tilting the blade tip toward pressure side, suction side, leading edge, and trailing edge. The effect of the different configurations on the flow characteristics and hence on the power production of the wind turbine is investigated.