英汉习语的特点及其文化差异

习语是语言的精华,承载着大量的语言信息.英汉习语作为两种不同语言的瑰宝,由于其独特的文化而表现出明显的差异.通过地域文化、习俗文化、宗教文化、历史文化等方面进行对比,阐述了英汉习语的特点以及英汉习语翻译的差异.参4.     

英汉习语的文化差异分析及翻译策略探索

该文就引起英汉习语差异的地理环境、宗教信仰、风俗习惯、历史文化等方面进行分析,提出了采用直译、意译、同义习语套用法、对称增字等方法对习语进行翻译,以期在英汉习语互译中达到最佳效果.参6.     

中文四字格在英汉翻译中的作用

英语中多习惯结构和搭配,而汉语则多用四字格.英文多用头韵,汉语喜工整对仗.将一段文字优美、生动形象的英文译成有相应效果的汉语,适当的使用汉语的四字格是一个行之有效的办法.文章主要谈及了中文四字结构的特点、构成及其在英汉互译中的运用.     

英汉文化差异及其在称谓上的体现

语言是文化的载体,文化影响着语言.从英汉民族各自的文化特色来分析英汉称谓的差异及其产生的原因.     

论英汉色彩词内涵意义之对比

由于历史背景、语言习惯、文化底蕴及传统习俗等方面的差异，英汉两种语言中色彩词的用法有很多不同，对同一色彩词的理解也有很大差异．本文对英汉两种语言中常用色彩词的内涵意义进行了对比，以谋求对色彩词更准确的翻译和欣赏．     

热带林业实验中心森林病虫害防治对策

林病虫害已成为林业发展的一大难题,对中国林科院热带林业实验中心森林病虫害类型、危害特点等进行分析,并提出了具体有效防治措施与方法.参6.     

我国青少年犯罪的原因与预防对策

犯罪是当今世界所共同面临的社会问题.当今我国青少年犯罪呈逐年上升的趋势.如何有效地预防青少年犯罪,已经成为全社会不容忽视的问题.笔者对青少年犯罪现状、特点和原因进行研究,并提出预防和减少青少年犯罪的对策.参7.     

论新形势下护士长的管理工作

护士长担负着病房业务管理,组织管理,护理教学和经济管理等多项任务.在新形势下做好护士长的管理工作,对深化医疗卫生事业的改革有重要意义.本文从新形势护理工作特点,怎样提高护理质量、护士的管理及如何提高管理效果进行论述.     

燃煤烟气中气态Hg0污染物吸附剂的研究进展

对目前燃煤烟气中气态Hg0污染物吸附剂进行了分类研究,重点总结了碳基吸附剂、层状矿物类吸附剂、磁性吸附剂等3类吸附剂的特点,对气态Hg0的吸附效果及吸附机理进行了深入探讨.通过分析比较,提出了研制高效吸附剂的主要途径,并展望了气态Hg0吸附剂的发展趋势.     

不同种源地云南稻核心种质主要形态性状的遗传特征

揭示云南稻核心种质资源特性、遗传变异特点,对资源的合理利用,指导育种工作,具有重要的意义.以541份云南稻核心种质为材料,在昆明地区生态条件下对其11个形态性状的遗传参数进行研究.结果表明:所研究的11个形态性状广义遗传力在65?%之间,穗颈长、实粒数、秕粒数和结实率的遗传力最大,且均表现出较大的遗传变异,选择潜力较大; 同一性状的遗传差异籼粳间不明显,而稻作区间则存在一定差异.利用本群体进行新品种选育时,应考虑各形态性状的表现特点和遗传潜力大小.对穗颈长、实粒数和结实率系统选育时,滇中一季籼稻粳稻区、滇南单双季籼稻区和南部边缘水陆稻区3个稻作区的材料选择效果较好.     

香芋高产、优质栽培技术与产品分级及加工

香芋是多年生宿根草本植物,属天南星科(Araceae)一年生栽培,是我省重要的特种蔬菜之一,随着农业结构调整步伐的加快,香芋的种植面积也在不断扩大,为了提高香芋的产量和品质,达到绿色蔬菜的标准,该文提出了香芋高产、优质栽培技术与产品分级及加工.表3,参5.     

Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agriculture

The food and agriculture sector controls the economic growth of a developing country. The food industries have practices of growing crops, raising livestock and sea foods, food processing and packaging, regulating production and distribution with quality and safety. The process control and monitoring quality are crucial steps. Here we review nanosensors and nanobiosensors as alternative of classical quantification methods. Nanoscale dimensions of metal nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal and carbon quantum dots, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nanocomposites expand the sensitivity by signal amplification and integrate several novel transduction principles such as enhanced electrochemical, optical, Raman, enhanced catalytic activity, and superparamagnetic properties into the nanosensors. The electrochemical nanosensors, optical nanosensors, electronic nose and electronic tongue, nanobarcode technology, and wireless nanosensors have revolutionized the sensing in food and agriculture sectors with multiplex and real-time sensing capabilities. Despite previous success stories of the remunerative health sector, the approaches are transferred subsequently to food and agriculture sector; with potential application in detection of food contaminants such as preservatives, antibiotics, heavy metal ions, toxins, microbial load, and pathogens along with the rapid monitoring of temperature, traceability, humidity, gas, and aroma of the food stuff.     

市场经济与土肥科技

土肥的基础地位是不随社会性质或社会经济类型的变化而变化的，它既具重要性，又具长久性．市场经济是仍然需要土肥科技的．土肥科技的教学、科研和推广的力度必须加大，局面必须改观，且宜快不宜迟．土肥科技工作者一定要将培肥地力作为中心工作．根据广东的实际，增施有机肥是培肥地力的主要措施，因而抓秸秆还田和发展冬绿肥是我们工作的重点．     

基因污染与生态环境安全

论述了基因污染可能对生态环境安全造成的影响。转基因作物有可能污染天然物种的基因库；有可能破坏传统农作物品种的遗传多样性，加速作物种植品种的单一化及基因资源的流失；使抗除草剂作物的基因向野生或半野生植物漂移的可能性加大，有可能创造出“超级杂草”；带有病毒型转基因作物的基因重组，有可能创造出新的植物病毒，导致新的病害；BT转基因抗虫作物分泌的毒素，在食物链中传递，很难加以控制，对非目标生物造成危害，并最终破坏自然生态系统的平衡。文章还从不同角度分析了基因污染的严重性。     

Indoor and outdoor air pollution and lung cancer in New Hampshire and Vermont

Indoor and outdoor air pollution is known to contribute to increased lung cancer incidence. This study is the first to address the contribution of home heating fuel and geographical course particulate matter (PM₁₀) concentrations to lung cancer rates in New Hampshire, USA. First, Pearson correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression were used to investigate spatial relationships between outdoor PM₁₀ and lung cancer rates. While the aforementioned analyses did not indicate a significant contribution of PM₁₀ to lung cancer in the state, there was a trend towards a significant association in the northern and southwestern regions of the state. Second, case-control data were used to estimate the contributions of indoor pollution and secondhand smoke to the risk of lung cancer with adjustment for confounders. Increased risk was found among those who used wood or coal to heat their homes for more than 10 winters before the age of 18, with a significant increase in risk per winter. Resulting data suggest that further investigation of the relationship between heating-related air pollution levels and lung cancer risk is needed.     

Characteristics of dispersions and water-soluble extracts of crude and refined oils and their toxicity to estuarine crustaceans and fish

The quantitative hydrocarbon composition and behavior in seawater of water-soluble fractions (WSF) and oil-in-water dispersions (OWD) of 4 oils was investigated. Two crude oils, South Louisiana crude and Kuwait crude, and two refined oils, No. 2 fuel oil and bunker C residual oil, were used in these investigations. The WSFs of the crude oils had higher total oil-hydrocarbon concentrations and were richer in light aliphatics and single-ring aromatics than were the WSFs of the refined oils. The WSFs of the refined oils contained significantly higher concentrations of naphthalenes than did those of the crudes. The hydrocarbon composition of the aqueous phase of OWDs closely resembled that of the parent oils. Gentle aeration of the OWDs resulted in a loss of 80 to 90% of the aqueous hydrocarbons in 24 h. Alkanes disappeared from the dispersions more rapidly than aromatics. The WSFs and OWDs of the refined oils were considerably more toxic to the 6 test species than were those of the crude oils. The test species can be ranked according to increasing sensitivity to oil as follows: Cyprinodon variegatus, Menidia beryllina, Fundulus similus, Penaeus aztecus postlarvae, Palaemonetes pugio and Mysidopsis almyra. The results of this investigation are discussed in relation to the potential impacts of oil spills on the marine and estuarine environments.     

1株贫营养好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性

从水库底泥样品中,以硝酸盐为唯一氮源进行驯化、分离筛选出1株能在贫营养及好氧条件下进行高效反硝化的菌株PY8,经过电镜形态学观察、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析,并基于16SrDNA序列结果,构建了该菌株的系统发育树,最终确定菌株PY8为根瘤菌Rhizobiumsp.。考察了初始pH值、温度、C/N、初始硝酸钠质量浓度、投菌量对菌株PY8硝酸盐还原活性的影响,以及该菌株的异养硝化性能。结果表明,在pH6.0～10.0,温度25～30℃,C/N1.0～9.0,初始硝酸钠质量浓度0.01～0.50g·L-1,投菌量1%～15%时,菌株PY8培养72h后的硝氮去除率可达到95%以上。另外,该菌株具有同时硝化-反硝化作用,在培养过程中氨氮去除率可达到58%左右。实验结果表明,菌株PY8在微污染水体生物脱氮领域中具有很大的应用潜力。