46例上消化道出血患者的临床护理分析

目的:总结46例上消化道出血患者的临床护理,探讨消化道出血患者的有效临床护理方法.方法:对上消化道出血患者在出血期间进行临床观察,实施急救护理、一般护理,输血期间护理、饮食护理、心理护理。结果:抢救成功44例,成功率为96%,44例患者匀取得良好的护理和治疗效果.结论:做好出血期观察与护理,注意出院的健康指导,密切配合医生积极进行抢救,能够明显提高护理质量及抢救成功率.参6.     

循证护理在手术室的应用

为解决手术过程遇到的护理问题,利用进行循征和实施护理干预,通过与未实施循证护理同期比较,护理问题发生率明显下降或消除,得出循证护理能有效解决手术中的护理问题,提高护理质量的结论.     

合作学习理论在高职护理医用化学实验的应用

为培养高职护理学生综合素质,采用合作学习理论的4个模式即小组效率模式、小组教学模式、表现判断模式、明确态度模式,对高职护理学生医用化学实验进行训练.结果表时:合作学习方法是一次民主室用灵活的学习,培养和提高了高职护理专业学生和老师的素质,教学相长;促进理论与实践相结合.合作学习是通过小组学习形式,帮助高职护理学生学习各类专科知识,提高技能、明确学习态度,是一项民主、实用、灵活的学习.     

糖尿病肾病患者维持性血液透析的护理探讨

目的探讨糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN))血液透析患者的护理措施,以减少并发症的发生.方法回顾性分析2007年4月-2009年10月我科63例DN维持性血液透析患者的并发症.结果透析中发生低血糖12例,低血压24例,16例发生高血压,9例发生不同程度的出血现象,2例穿刺处轻度感染,经过积极的对症治疗护理后,患者病情好转.结论良好的饮食护理、心理护理、皮肤护理、用药护理及病情观察有助于减少DN血液透析患者的并发症发生,延长患者的生命,提高患者的生活质量.参9.     

社区中、老年血压血脂及其认知情况调查分析

目的了解城市社区中、老年人群血压、血脂及他们对血压、血脂的认识情况,为社区慢性病管理提供依据.方法选取社区36岁以上（含36岁）人群为调查对象,采用问卷调查和体格检查共同获得资料的方式.结果城市社区中、老年人群高血压、高血脂情况不容乐观,高血压的患病率达18.89%,高血脂的患病率也达到了43.69%,远远高于我国公布的发病标准.社区卫生服务所面临的工作压力巨大,慢性病管理和护理干预是社区护理当务之急需要解决的问题.表2,参7.     

78例上消化道大出血患者的护理体会

目的:通过总结78例上消化道出血患者的临床观察,为抢救上消化道上消化道出血患者护理提供参考.方法:回顾2010年6月至2013年3月在南华大学附属南华医院消化内科78例上消化道出血临床观察及护理.结果:59例治愈,15例好转出院.结论:上消化道出血患者起病急,变化快,如通过积极有效的治疗和护理,提高抢救的成功率和预后.参4.     

综合护理干预对慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗临床观察及效果评价

目的分析探讨护理干预对慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的临床效果.方法选取84例慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组42例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组通过饮食卫生、用药护理、情绪护理、健康教育护理等,比较两组患者用药依从性、患者的满意度、健康教育达标率.结果观察组在患者的用药依从性、住院的满意度、健康教育达标率等方面优于对照组.结论对抗病毒治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者实施饮食、心理护理、健康教育可以有效消除或缓解患者焦虑情绪,提高患者满意度和用药依从性,使患者有效配合抗病毒治疗.     

综合护理干预对消化性溃疡患者的效果评价

目的评价综合护理干预对消化性溃疡患者临床治疗效果.方法选取南华大学附属南华医院收治的168例消化性溃疡患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为干预组和对照组,每组84例,干预组在对照组基础上,结合心理干预、认知干预、饮食干预、用药干预、健康教育等综合护理干预措施,对照组患者仅仅给予常规治疗与护理,比较两组临床疗效的差异.结果干预组总有效率90.5%,对照组总有效率76.2%,干预组明显优于对照组,经统计学处理差异有显著性(P0.05).结论对消化性溃疡患者实施积极地心理干预等综合护理干预措施,能够提高患者对疾病的认知水平,有效提高治疗效果.     

对围手术期患者访视的实践与体会

以探讨对围手术期患者访视,围手术期患者的心理护理,提高手术室护理质量为目的.通过对1 860例大中型手术患者进行术前术后访视,随机调查其中276例,以了解访视效果的方法得到术中配合满意及能配合253例,术后精神状态、体温、伤口愈合、皮肤等良好,未发现体位性损伤、泌尿系感染及其他并发症.患者及家属对手术前后访视满意率为98%的结果.从而得出术前术后访视可以减轻患者对手术的恐惧,减轻焦虑心理,加强护患关系,提高手术室的护理质量,使病人以最佳的身心状态对待手术结论.表2,参3.     

颅内动脉瘤夹闭术围手术期的护理

目的:探讨颅内动脉瘤夹闭术围手术期的护理要点.方法:对我科2011年1月～2012年5月收治的100例动脉瘤夹闭术患者进行细致的围手术期护理,严密观察病情,术前预防动脉瘤再破裂出血,积极做好术前准备,术后做好引流管、并发症及康复等护理.结果:100例动脉瘤夹闭术患者,80例无任何并发症治愈出院,15例出现一侧肢体偏瘫,经术后康复治疗,随访3～6个月均恢复,5例死亡.结论:精心细致的围手术期护理,可有效提高手术成功率及治愈率,改善患者术后生活质量.     

浅析我国青少年犯罪的原因及对策

进入新世纪后,我国青少年犯罪出现许多新情况,表现出许多新的特点,究其原因不外乎两个方面:一是客观原因,二是主观原因,因此为了减少和遏止青少年犯罪,必须采取对策进行有效的预防和治理.     

Impacts of the deforestation driven by agribusiness on urban population and economic activity in the Dry Chaco of Argentina

Agriculture expansion oriented to global market has changed the relation between population and deforestation in South America. Actually, the population dynamic in an agricultural frontier turned into a consequence of deforestation (rather than the cause). For Dry Chaco of Argentina during the period 1991–2001, we explore the impacts of deforestation over urban population and employment dynamics in small- and medium-size urban centers. We used deforestation maps from remote sensing data and demographic information from the national census. We found a positive relation between population growth and deforestation. Additionally, urban centers in a context of new and active deforestation stages generate more jobs than in a context of advanced stages. Based on our results, we suggest a boom and bust pattern. Agriculture expansion and deforestation generate transient jobs and benefits, but in a long-run perspective, positive impacts are uncertain.     

试论企业文化建设在我国旅游企业中的现状与作用

随着社会的进步和生产力的发展，企业文化作为一种新的管理理念逐渐被人们所接受并越来越受到许多企业家的青睐，本文首先从企业文化中的概念入手，简单阐述企业文化的核心和根本，然后重点分析企业文化在我国旅游企业中的现状和建设过程中存在的问题、原因以及加强企业文化建设的若干对策，最后总结出企业文化的作用．     

Estimating an homogeneous series of a population abundance indicator despite changes in data collection procedure: A hierarchical Bayesian modelling approach

Abundance indicators are required both to assess and to manage wild populations. As new techniques are developed and teams in charge of gathering the data change, data collection procedures (DCPs) can evolve in space and time. How to estimate an homogeneous series of abundance indicator despite changes in DCP? To tackle this question a hierarchical Bayesian modelling (HBM) approach is proposed. It integrates multiple DCPs in order to derive a single abundance indicator that can be compared over space and time irrespective of the DCP used. Compared to single DCP models, it takes further advantage for abundance estimation of the joint treatment of a larger set of spatio-temporal units. After presenting the general formulation of our HBM approach, it is applied to the juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) population of the River Nivelle (France). Posterior model checking, using χ² discrepancy measure, do not reveal any inadequacy between the model and the data. Despite a change in the DCP used (successive removals to catch-per-unit of effort), a unique abundance indicator for the 425 spatio-temporal units (site × year) sampled over twenty-four years (1985-2008) is estimated. The HBM approach allows the assessment of precision of the abundance estimates and shows variation between DCPs: a reduction in precision is observed during the most recent years (2005-2008) when only the catch-per-unit of effort DCP was used. The merits and generality of our HBM approach are discussed. We contend it extends previous single DCP models or inter-calibration of two DCPs, and it could be applied to a wide range of specific situations (taxon and DCPs).     

Jobs Versus the Environment: An Industry-Level Perspective

The possibility that workers could be adversely affected by increasingly stringent environmental policies has led to claims of a “jobs versus the environment” trade-off by both business and labor leaders. The present research examines this claim at the industry level for four heavily polluting industries: pulp and paper mills, plastic manufacturers, petroleum refiners, and iron and steel mills. Combining a unique plant-level data set with industry-level demand information, we find that increased environmental spending generally does not cause a significant change in employment. Our average across all four industries is a net gain of 1.5 jobs per $1 million in additional environmental spending, with a standard error of 2.2 jobs—an economically and statistically insignificant effect. There are statistically significant and positive effects in two industries, but total number of affected jobs remains quite small. These small positive effects can be linked to labor-using factor shifts and relatively inelastic estimated demand.     

Dual function of allopreening in the cooperatively breeding green woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus

Allopreening is a widespread but little-studied phenomenon in birds and is particularly prevalent in species where individuals are forced into close proximity. Such a situation facilitates the transfer of ectoparasites between individuals and allopreening has therefore been proposed to serve a hygienic function. In addition, allopreening might theoretically play a role in social communication. Green woodhoopoes (Phoeniculus purpureus) are cooperatively breeding birds that roost communally every night in a tree cavity and are thus susceptible to high ectoparasite loads. Our results suggest that allopreening of the head and neck (“head”), which cannot be efficiently self-preened, serves a primarily hygienic function: all individuals, irrespective of sex, dominance status, and group size, donated and received similar rates of head allopreening and terminated a similar proportion of bouts in which they were involved. Furthermore, there was a high occurrence of reciprocation and head allopreening occurred at a constant rate throughout the year. In contrast, allopreening of the rest of the body, which is accessible to the recipient itself, is likely to serve a primarily social function: body allopreening rates were higher in larger groups; dominant individuals received more body allopreening and terminated a significantly higher proportion of bouts than subordinates; and subordinates donated body allopreening at a higher rate than dominants. Moreover, bouts initiated by dominants were more likely to be reciprocated than those initiated by subordinates and body allopreening rates varied seasonally. Allopreening in the green woodhoopoe is therefore likely to serve a dual function, depending on the part of the body involved.     

安全管理与危机干预探讨

对职校安全管理的概念、范畴、分类以及现状与困惑进行了展开讨论。分析了职校学生安全防范意识及10种主要危机现象。提出了活动干预、观念干预、心理干预、教育干预、行政干预、社会干预、司法干预等8个危机干预策略．     

Pathogen-associated self-medication behavior in the honeybee Apis mellifera

Honeybees, Apis mellifera, have several prophylactic disease defense strategies, including the foraging of antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral compounds of plant products. Hence, honey and pollen contain many compounds that prevent fungal and bacterial growth and inhibit viral replication. Since these compounds are also fed to the larvae by nurse bees, they play a central role for colony health inside the hive. Here, we show that honeybee nurse bees, infected with the microsporidian gut parasite Nosema ceranae, show different preferences for various types of honeys in a simultaneous choice test. Infected workers preferred honeys with a higher antibiotic activity that reduced the microsporidian infection after the consumption of the honey. Since nurse bees feed not only the larvae but also other colony members, this behavior might be a highly adaptive form of therapeutic medication at both the individual and the colony level.     

树立全局观念充分发挥环境监测中心的中心作用

本文结合天津环境监测工作实际，在改革开放强化管理的新形势下，环境监测工作面临着新的机遇和挑战。本文从转变思想，树立全局观念出发，着重论述了制定规章，明确职责，提高监测水平，加强自身建设等方面的问题，充分发挥监测中心的中心作用。