我国废铅酸蓄电池污染防治技术及政策探讨

废铅酸蓄电池回收环节产生的废渣、铅酸污泥等属于危险废物,必须按照危险废物进行管理;而废铅酸蓄电池铅回收过程也会产生二次污染,其生产过程和管理不当会产生严重的环境污染。本文在分析我国再生铅生产工艺技术现状、废铅酸蓄电池资源再生过程污染源的基础上,对废铅酸蓄电池资源再生过程污染源治理和污染预防措施以及目前废铅酸蓄电池铅回收相关政策和管理要求进行了较为系统的分析和总结。     

废荧光灯的环境污染对策探讨

废荧光灯管中的有害物质如果处置不当,会对人体健康和环境造成危害。目前国内大部分废荧光灯管未得到无害化处置,主要在指定的法规、有效的政策以及完善的运营机制方面存在很多弊端,应引起社会各界的关注和政府部门的重视。本文结合国内外废荧光灯管回收处置现状,针对存在的问题,提出源头控制、分类收集、多渠道回收、建立资金及资金补贴机制以及技术手段措施,为从根本上解决废旧灯管回收难的问题,并探索社会源危险废物的管理提供对策建议。     

江苏省废无机酸的产生及处置现状

江苏省废无机酸的产生总量大,且逐年增加。废无机酸具有腐蚀性、毒性、不稳定性等危险特性,如不进行合理处置便排入环境中,危害极大。江苏省废无机酸的产量与城市区域分布、产业布局有着密切的关系。废无机酸处置及利用企业与废无机酸的产生情况有较密切的关联。针对不同特性的废无机酸,适合采用不同的处置或利用工艺。废无机酸作为危险废物可采用中和法实现无害化处置或采用浓缩回收法等工艺进行资源化利用。     

危险废物名录变化分析及在我省危废管理中的作用和建议

危险废物名录是危险废物环境管理的技术基础和关键依据，《国家危险废物名录(2021年版)》已发布，新名录的实施对我省危废环境管理工作具有较强的指导意义。     

美国有关危险废物管理的若干法律制度简述

美国关于危险废物管理的法律包括联邦级和地方级（州、市。县和其他地方自治体）的法律、法规。在联邦一级，除《国家环境政策法人《资源保护回收法》（RCRA）、《环境反应、补偿和责任法》（CERCLA）等国会立法外，联邦环境保护局（EPA）还制定了上百个关于固体废物、危险废物的收集、贮存、分离、运输、处理、处置、回收利用的条例、规则、规范、标准、指南等。这些法律、法规中对危险废物管理，规定了若干法律制度。1、危险废物申报登记制度EPA制定的《危险废物鉴别条例》规定，所有危险废物的经营者，包括生产者、运输、处理、贮…     

浅谈危险废物环境管理与污染防治

随着我国经济的迅速发展，工业生产水平和生产量不断提高，危险废物产生量也在不断增长，污染防治任务进一步加重。危险废物不仅对生态环境和人类健康造成污染和危害，而且具有潜在的危害。如何有效控制危险废物对环境的污染和对人类健康的危害，已成为当前面临的一个重大环境问题。     

锤磨热解析技术处理含油钻屑后的危险特性分析

文章介绍了一种热解析技术处理含油钻屑的过程，通过对处理后的含油钻屑进行危险特性的分析，结果表明经锤磨热解析处理技术处理后的含油钻屑样品不具有易燃性、反应性、腐蚀性，对其中重金属和有 机物等毒性指标的检测数据均不超过GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》及GB 5085.6— 2007《危险废物鉴别标准 毒性物质含量鉴别》的要求。对锤磨热解析处理后含油钻屑危险特性的分析，可为该类固废的环境风险管控及资源化回收利用提供依据。     

中国危险废物污染防治技术发展趋势与政策分析

本文对我国危险废物产生及废物流进行了分析,对我国危险废物污染控制原则、目标和处理处置技术现状及发展趋势进行了评价。以此为基础,提出了我国危险废物管理全过程污染防治的技术路线和技术政策。     

废有机溶剂综合利用处理处置技术

由大连东泰产业废弃物处理有限公司开发、大连市环境保护局推荐的废有机溶剂综合利用处理处置技术适用于在工业生产过程中产生的废有机溶剂的减量化、无害化和资源化处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理采用常用的粗蒸、精馏、过滤、吸附、汽提等技术,充分掌握回收废有机溶剂组分参数和相关数据,进行单元组合和回收能力计算,使系统最大限度发挥回收能力,达到再生废溶剂的目的。同时,采取焚烧和安全填埋等工艺,对残液、残渣进行无害化处理。二、技术关键使用较少的单元过程形成一整套废有机溶剂等危险废物再生及处理的社会化、资源化、无害…     

四川省固体废物处置现状及对策探讨

我国《固体废物污染环境防治法》（以下简称《固废法》）自1996年4月1日颁布实施8年来，在实际工作中面临了许多新的问题。因此，立法机关重新修订了《固废法》，并于2004年4月1日起生效。由此可以看出，固废的污染防治越来越得到重视。我省固体废物产生量近年来一直呈上升趋势，但其综合利用率和处置率偏低，造成的污染日趋严重。本文分别对我省一般工业固废、危险废物和生活垃圾处置现状进行分析，提出提高我省固废处置几点建议。     

Future solutions for the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes in China

The current status of the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes in China is summarized on the basis of the results of the Declaring and Registration Project initiated nationally in 1995. A principle framework for the sound management of hazardous wastes is proposed, which includes three levels of technical solutions. Large-scale enterprises are encouraged to recycle, to treat, and to dispose of wastes by means of constructing facilities, and to have their extra capacities available to the public for a reasonable fee. Municipal governments, provincial governments, and the Central Government are to plan and construct centralized facilities to recycle, treat, and dispose of wastes. For a solution at the manufacturing level, recycling is identified as the main approach. Centralized facilities at the municipal level will mainly focus on special wastes that are unsuitable to transport and store, such as hospital waste, and for the technical solution at this level, incineration and recycling are identified as the main approaches. For the technical solution at the provincial and national levels, landfill and incineration are identified as the main approaches. Based on this principle and the current available data on hazardous wastes, a preliminary plan for the spatial distribution of cross-provincial centralized treatment and disposal facilities of hazardous wastes is presented. The construction of approximately nine cross-provincial comprehensive facilities is proposed. A priority list for the construction of these planned facilities is also presented.     

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL IN LAND1

Since the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in 1962 there has been a rapidly growing public concern over widespread contamination of the environment with hazardous wastes. In recent years scientific findings on the ecological effects of various hazardous substances have posed several important questions. What exactly are hazardous wastes? Can these substances be disposed of in a technically feasible, economical, and safe way with assurance that they have been permanently eliminated from the ecosystem? What compositional alterations or movements of the hazardous wastes occur in water, soil, or air systems? What effect will these wastes have on the water, soil, or air systems? What effect will these wastes have on the water, soil, or air properties? Consequently, a University of Louisville study has developed a relevant definition of hazardous wastes for the Environmental Engineering profession together with priority of concern rating systems to delineate the degree of environmental impact imposed on a total ecosystem by a hazardous waste and the feasibility of disposing of hazardous substances at specific landfill sites. It is felt that refinements of the priority of concern rating systems offered here may provide a sound basis from which procedural decisions may be structured to establish future national hazardous waste disposal sites.     

四川省危险废物管理现状分析及评价

随着城市化进程的加快,危险废物的产生量快速增加,数量多、分布广、危害大、潜在利用价值高,管理处理难度大,因此带来了巨大的环境安全隐患。本文利用相关调查统计数据,分析了四川省危险废物产生特性及污染特性,指出危险废物管理过程中出现的问题已成为阻碍四川省循环经济发展及生态省建设的壁垒,针对出现的问题,提出了相关对策和建议。     

Environmental and economic impact assessment of construction and demolition waste disposal using system dynamics

Construction and demolition wastes (CDW) have increasingly serious problems in environmental, social, and economic realms. There is no coherent framework for utilization of these wastes which are disposed both legally and illegally. This harms the environment, contributes to the increase of energy consumption, and depletes finite landfills resources. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of two alternatives for the management of CDW, recycling and disposing. The evaluation is carried out through developing a dynamic model with aid STELLA software by conducting the following steps: (1) quantifying the total cost incurred to mitigate the impacts of CDW landfills and uncollected waste on the environment and human health; (2) quantifying the total avoided emissions and saved energy by recycling waste; (3) estimating total external cost saved by recycling waste and; (4) providing a decision support tool that helps in re-thinking about waste disposal. The proposed evaluation methodology allows activating the stringent regulations that restrict waste disposal and developing incentives to encourage constructors to recycle their wastes. The research findings show that recycling CDW leads to significant reductions in emissions, energy use, global warming potential (GWP), and conserves landfills space when compared to disposal of wastes in landfills. Furthermore, the cost of mitigating the impact of disposal is extremely high. Therefore, it is necessary to recycle construction and demolition wastes.     

成都市危险废物现状调查及污染控制对策研究

本文在对成都市危险废物产生及污染控制状况进行调查分析的基础上,结合国内外危险废物管理经验,提出了成都市危险废物控制的对策及建议。     

基于人工神经网络模型预测2017~2018年成都市危险废物增量研究

危险废物对环境或者人体健康会造成有害影响,有效地预测其产量是优化管理和合理处置的重要依据。以2008~2016年成都市危险废物产生量为基础,通过数据带入和整合及综合各参数因子的影响,利用人工神经网络模型预测方法客观反映并预测成都市危废产量的变化趋势。结果表明该模型预测2017~2018年成都市危险废物年产量分别达到24.46万t和26.88万t,模拟精度偏差低。因此,人工神经网络模型可以作为一种预测危险废物产生量的工具,其预测结果可以为职能部门提供决策参考。     

Critical review of industrial and medical waste practices in Dar es Salaam City

Industrial and medical wastes constitute a larger part on what is known as ‘hazardous wastes’. The production of these wastes is and will continue to be an on going phenomenon as long as human civilization persists. The health impacts of direct and indirect exposure to hazardous wastes include carcinogenic effects, reproductive system damage, respiratory effects, central nervous system effects, and many others. Today, many developed countries have legal provisions with regard to proper management of hazardous wastes. Tanzania, like many developing countries, has little emphasis on the proper handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. There is a serious inadequacy in handling industrial and medical solid wastes in the Dar es Salaam City. Improper waste deposition is increasingly becoming a potential public health risk and an environmental burden. Due to poor control of waste, industrialists and hospital owners are not well checked on how they handle and dispose of the wastes they produce with the result that many hazardous wastes reach the Vingunguti dumpsite without notice. Data on waste generation in Dar es Salaam is also inadequate, making it difficult to plan an efficient solid waste system. Promotion of public awareness, legislation and regulations enforcement and establishment of a proper sanitary landfill are considered to be principal remedial measures to ensure sound environmental maintenance. This paper summarizes the findings of the study on the practices of industrial and medical waste management in Dar es Salaam. The author aims to express the inadequacy in hazardous waste management and suggests possible measures to be applied in order to rectify the situation.     

论对危险废物及副产品的界定和管理

通过厘清固体废物、危险废物、副产物等的概念,分析上述物质及副产品的特性,阐述危险废物和副产品间的转换关系,从适用标准、企业实例两方面入手分析危险废物和副产品该如何界定,着重分析副产品在生产管理过程中的关注点,以期为生产企业及行政管理部门的固废管理工作提供参考。     

危险废物出口管理的虱际经验及对我国的启示

中国危险废物的产生量呈增长态势,危险废物出口的数量也逐年增加。本文重点分析美国、日本等发达国家的危险废物出口管理经验,结合发展中国家马来西亚的管理模式,通过综合研究国际危险废物出口管理政策,对我国危险废物出口管理工作提出了建议。