元素赋存状态的研究及其在矿产资源综合利用中的意义

元素赋存状态的研究是指研究元素在矿石中的存在状态，且尽可能对其进行定量研究的工作。目前元素赋存状态的研究手段很多，不同的矿山和企业可根据实际情况有选择地采用。我国是资源短缺型国家，元素赋存状态的研究是资源合理有效利用的关键，可以避免盲目开采对资源的浪费和经济上的损失。     

我国煤炭资源现状与综合利用途径

我国煤资源丰富,但人均占有量少,勘探程度低,可供建新井的储量不足;煤种齐全,但分布不均。在煤资源利用中应尽快改变煤资源严重浪费的状况。我国煤资源综合利用潜力大,除提高煤炭回采率、入选比、保证炼焦用煤外,还应开采煤的共生、伴生矿产,大力发展煤炭液化、气化、煤化工等深加工及综合利用技术。     

基于工艺过程分析的废旧塑料再生利用污染源研究

在分析废旧塑料再生利用工艺过程的基础上,确定了废塑料综合利用工艺的产污节点,并通过物流平衡和水平衡计算,得出了总的产排污量,为环境保护措施提供重要依据,以实现保护环境和资源合理再生利用。     

本钢（集团）歪头山铁矿矿产资源合理利用及环境保护

介绍歪头山铁矿在生产经营中合理利用矿产资源和环境保护的经验：依靠科技进步和技术创新，促进资源的合理开发和综合利用，使废料资源化，既重视经济效益，又重视环境效益，才是矿山企业可持续发展的必由之路。     

再生资源的回收利用与保护生态环境

再生资源是指社会生产和消费过程中产生的可以利用的各种废旧物资。再生资源的回收利用是资源综合利用的重要组成部分,是合理利用资源、保证资源永续、减少环境污染、提高经济效益的重要手段。商业部门再生资源行业担负着再生资源的回收、加工、生产、经营业务,为国家资源综合利用事业做出了巨大贡献。     

控制煤中SO2排放的技术对策分析

在分析我国煤炭资源状况、煤中硫的赋存状态和燃煤引起的SO2污染状况的基础上，探讨了国内外控制SO2排放的研究现状，研究了燃烧前、燃烧中和燃烧后三大类脱硫方法的可行性与适用范围。研究认为，对洗选脱硫要先对煤中硫的赋存状态进行研究，否则效率难以得到保证；固硫剂脱硫比较适合我国国情，但脱硫效率有待提高。固硫剂脱硫和洗选脱硫可结合使用，以提高脱硫率。     

伊犁地区煤中放射性核素对环境影响及其防治对策的探讨

在对伊梨地区煤中天然放射性核素调查研究的基础上,结合伊梨地区煤中放射性核素分布的特点、规律以及伊梨地区居民的用煤习惯,有的放矢的提出了减量化、资源化、无害化以及全过程管理原则的防治措施,为伊犁地区的经济发展,煤炭资源的合理开发和利用,防止因煤炭的开采利用而造成的污染,建设性的提出了切实可行的方案和途径。     

胱氨酸生产废水综合利用技术研究

综合利用是合理利用资源的有效途径,既可解决环境污染问题,又可以获得可现的经济效益。本文介绍了胱氨酸生产废水综合利用中几种主要产品的回收过程及其价值。     

中药生产中的综合利用途径

综合利用中药资源,开展中药生产中的废料综合利用工作,是保证中药资源永续利用的重要措施和手段。本文概述了中药生产中的综合利用及研究情况,探讨了中药生产中废料资源化技术的开发。     

煤中砷及燃煤固砷技术研究

对煤中砷的含量、分布、赋存状态等地球化学特征进行了综述,分析了煤炭燃烧过程中砷的迁移转化行为与释放特性,指出煤中砷的燃烧释放不仅与砷的物理化学性质有关,更取决于煤中的浓度、赋存状态及燃烧工况等因素。进一步讨论了天然钙基材料燃煤固砷技术及燃煤砷污染控制的研究现状。     

红阳煤田红菱煤矿煤矸石地球化学特征及古环境恢复

通过对红菱煤矿7煤和12煤的顶板、底板和夹层煤矸石的矿物、常量、微量、稀土元素的分析发现,这三个层位的煤矸石有较大的区别。利用考奇法恢复古盐度,7煤显示淡水和咸水沉积,12煤有明显的咸水沉积特征。利用微量元素和稀土元素对物源性质及其构造背景分析,结果表明煤矸石的物质来源和构造背景较复杂,源区为长英质或基性岩石区,源区构造背景为大洋岛弧或被动大陆区。     

Strontium isotope study of coal utilization by-products interacting with environmental waters

Sequential leaching experiments on coal utilization by-products (CUB) were coupled with chemical and strontium (Sr) isotopic analyses to better understand the influence of coal type and combustion processes on CUB properties and the release of elements during interaction with environmental waters during disposal. Class C fly ash tended to release the highest quantity of minor and trace elements-including alkaline earth elements, sodium, chromium, copper, manganese, lead, titanium, and zinc-during sequential extraction, with bottom ash yielding the lowest. Strontium isotope ratios ((87)Sr/(86)Sr) in bulk-CUB samples (total dissolution of CUB) are generally higher in class F ash than in class C ash. Bulk-CUB ratios appear to be controlled by the geologic source of the mineral matter in the feed coal, and by Sr added during desulfurization treatments. Leachates of the CUB generally have Sr isotope ratios that are different than the bulk value, demonstrating that Sr was not isotopically homogenized during combustion. Variations in the Sr isotopic composition of CUB leachates were correlated with mobility of several major and trace elements; the data suggest that arsenic and lead are held in phases that contain the more radiogenic (high-(87)Sr/(86)Sr) component. A changing Sr isotope ratio of CUB-interacting waters in a disposal environment could forecast the release of certain strongly bound elements of environmental concern. This study lays the groundwork for the application of Sr isotopes as an environmental tracer for CUB-water interaction.     

药食保健野菜——苋菜的开发利用

苋菜是一种具有较高利用价值的药食两用蔬菜,对其进行开发利用已成为国内外医疗保健、食品、化工领域的研究热点。介绍了苋菜的识别特征、固有营养价值、保健作用、微量元素与食疗原理,提出了苋菜资源的开发利用方向。     

An investigation of the relationship between raw coal characteristics and effluent quality of Kedla and Rajrappa Washeries, Jharkhand, India

An attempt was made to investigate the relationship between raw coal characteristics and effluent quality in two coking coal washeries of Central Coalfields Limited, Kedla and Rajrappa in Jharkhand State, India. Coal samples-raw coal feed, washed fine clean coal, washed coarse clean coal, middlings and rejects were collected. Similarly, raw water (intake to washery) and effluent samples generated in the washeries, namely, fine coal jig under water, coarse coal jig under water and slurry pond water were also collected over a period of 6 months. Parameters outlined in Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) Schedule VI Indian standards were determined, both in coal samples and water/washery effluent samples. Apart from the parameters listed in the standard, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphate and chloride found to be present in coal were also determined in coal and water samples. The processing results essentially in production of huge quantities of suspended material, which is beyond the stipulated limit of 100mg/l as specified in the Standard. Lowering of pH was observed in both the washeries. The trace/heavy elements were found to be concentrated in the heavier fractions in rejects produced from the washery. The concentrations of major elements in coal-Na, K, Ca, Mg, and minor elements in coal-Mn; F, SO4 and Cl were found to be higher in process water than in raw water indicating that these elements are transferred from coal to the water in washeries. However, only in the case of Mn, the stipulated limit of the effluent standard was exceeded. Trace elements like As, Se, Hg, Cd, though found to be present in coal, were absent in the process water indicating that these elements are not released by coal during washing.     

TRACE ELEMENTS IN NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS STRIP MINE AND LIVESTOCK IMPOUNDMENT WATER1

ABSTRACT: The water from 32 strip mine water impoundments and nine livestock watering ponds in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming were analyzed for trace elements. Because of the high concentrations of trace elements in coal and bentonite clay, the possibility exists for these elements to dissolve or be suspended in the water. Strip mine ponds were not significantly higher in trace element concentrations compared to livestock ponds. All but one of the 41 ponds sampled contained elemental concentrations that would be detrimental for livestock use or aquatic life use. Cadmium and lead were the elements most frequently in excess of water quality crieria. Lead was found in the study ponds about 35 times the median concentration of North American rivers. Manganese concentrations were found to exceed iron in many ponds, which is unusual in natural waters. The potential for detrimental concentrations of trace elements in pond water must be evaluated when designing land use management plans for ponds intended to be used by livestock or aquatic life.     

Bermudagrass management in the southern Piedmont, USA: IX. Trace elements in soil with broiler litter application

An understanding of the long-term cycling of trace elements in soil with broiler litter fertilization under various forage utilization strategies is needed to develop sustainable agricultural production systems. We evaluated differences in Cu, Mn, Zn, and six other trace elements in response to 5 yr of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] management varying in fertilization and harvest strategies on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia. Chicken (Gallus gallus) broiler litter was a significant source of trace elements that led to 3.4 +/- 0.5 times higher Cu, 2.0 +/- 0.3 times higher Mn, and 2.1 +/- 0.2 times higher Zn in the surface 3 cm of soil than when forage was fertilized inorganically. There were variable effects of broiler litter fertilization on other trace elements, depending upon element, depth of sampling, and forage utilization strategy. Concentrations of all trace elements in soil were below levels considered toxic to plants. Soil at a depth of 0 to 3 cm under grazed paddocks had 33 +/- 5% greater Cd, 18 +/- 1% greater Cr, 53 +/- 24% greater Cu, and 24 +/- 7% greater Zn compared with unharvested and hayed management. Trace elements in soil were unaffected whether forage was unharvested or removed as hay. These results suggest that broiler litter is a significant source of several trace elements and that ruminant processing of forage and subsequent deposition of excreta on the paddock allow these trace elements to accumulate more at the soil surface where they might interact with the high concentration of organic matter.     

煤灰渣利用中对人群所产生辐射影响的评价

煤的开发与利用产生了大量的灰，渣等固体废物，占用大量土地，污染土壤和水源，成为四大公害之一，因而对煤灰，渣的治理和综合利用一直受到人们的关注。然而，由于煤灰渣中的天然放射性水平较高，因此，在煤灰渣的综合利用，尤其在用作建筑材料时，不可避免地要受到其放射性核素的危害。本文在对四川省各燃煤电厂排放灰渣中的^238U,^232Th,^220R,^40X并无然放射性核素进行分析和研究的基础上，用UNSCEAR1982年报告所推荐的计算模式估算了各电厂煤灰渣制度建材对公众所产生的附加辐射剂量，评价了煤灰制度建材对环境和人群所产生的辐射影响，并提出了控制煤灰渣在建材中的最大掺合量，为其它作用的使用煤灰渣提出了科学的理论依据。     

煤炭企业环境污染特性模糊评价模型

煤炭企业造成的环境污染是一个多方面、宽领域的问题,正确界定这些企业的环境污染等级能促进环境监管力量的有效使用,这是煤炭企业环境管理工作中的一项重要任务。从5个方面建立了相应的模糊评价模型,并对具体企业进行了实证研究。结果表明,该模型具有一定的可行性,从而为煤炭企业环境监管提供了有效的评估手段。