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苯胺降解菌的分离和特性研究 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:16
从活性污泥中分离到一株细菌AN3,能以苯胺为唯一碳源、氮源和能源生长.经鉴定为食酸丛毛胞菌(Comamonasacidovorans).该菌株可以在高达5000mg/L以上的苯胺中生长.当苯胺浓度为2000mg/L左右时,经3天培养即可全部被降解.该菌株还可以利用乙酰苯胺,但不能利用其他取代类苯胺化合物.AN3菌的生长和降解苯胺的最适温度为30℃和pH为70.9种金属离子对该菌的生长和苯胺的降解均有不同程度抑制作用,尤以Ag+和Hg2+为明显.该菌与苯胺降解代谢有关酶类的测定结果表明,该菌含有的邻苯二酚-2,3加双氧酶是诱导酶. 相似文献
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利用EIA生物测试法快速定量筛选环境样品中的二恶英污染物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将采集的环境样品分作3份,1份用于高色辨色质联用多离子检测测定二恶英的毒性当量浓度TEQ,另2分别用7-乙氧基-异吩恶唑酮-脱乙基酶(REOD)活力诱导法和酶免疫法(Enzyme ImmunoAssay,EIA)进行生物测试。结果表明EIA和REOD这2种生物试验方法均具有较好的准确性和很宽的线性范围,比较Micro-EROD分析结果与化学分析结果以及EIA分析结果与化学分析结果,发现Micro- 相似文献
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在厌气-好气-活性碳三级串联工艺系统中,用7株高效染料脱色降解菌在厌气池中接种,在好气池中用聚乙烯醇降解菌富集培养液接种挂膜处理含PVA和BOD5/CODcr<0.2的印染废水,经日处理17t废水的中试表明,当进水CODcr,BOD5,PVA,洗涤剂和色度含量分别为680ppm,110ppm,134ppm,2.94ppm和65倍时,在厌气池,好气池和活性碳池中的水力负荷分别为3.17,3.0,14 相似文献
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利用CO_2采油的技术、环境和经济分析金光宇Technical,EnvironmentalandEconomicAnalysisonOilExtractionUsingCO_2¥JinGuangyuAbstract:IncreaseofCO2andot... 相似文献
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阴极溶出法测定海洋沉积物中硫化物 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了阴极溶出伏安法测定海洋沉积物中硫化物的实验条件和测定方法。结果表明,沉积物样品经EDTA为配位剂提取后,释放出的硫离子在0.2molNaOH-0.3%EDTA-0.2%抗坏血酸底液中,于-0.8V呈现清晰且灵敏的阴极溶出峰。在硫离子浓度为2~135μg/L范围内,峰电流与硫离子浓度成线性关系。方法的精密度(相对标准偏差6.6%)和准确度(回收率91.6~102%)符合环境监测的要求。 相似文献
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选用已筛选出的以百菌清为唯一碳源的降解菌株Pseudomonas sp. CTN-4作为百菌清降解菌.采用CCD设计试验,以响应面法优化CTN-4降解百菌清的条件,并建立了降解模型.结果表明,CTN-4降解百菌清的最优条件为:百菌清浓度为102.66mg/L,葡萄糖量为0.40%,初始pH值为7.05.在该条件下理论预测百菌清降解率可达93.89%,与在该条件下测定的实际值95.07%基本吻合.实验表明温度, pH值以及百菌清的初始浓度对百菌清的降解过程都有较大影响.百菌清的降解动力学模型与Compertz模型较为相似,可以用修饰过的Compertz模型进行拟合. 相似文献
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毒死蜱降解细菌XZ-3的分离及降解特性研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
从某农药厂排污口的污泥中采样,经驯化富集后筛选到1株能高效降解毒死蜱的细菌XZ-3,经过对其形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA的分析,鉴定该菌株为节杆菌属(Arthrobactersp.).测定了不同碳源、pH、温度及毒死蜱浓度对细菌降解能力和生长量的影响,以培养液在波长400 nm下的光密度值表示细菌生长量,液体介质中毒死蜱的提取采用漩涡振荡提取法,提取溶剂为石油醚,毒死蜱的测定采用紫外分光光度法.结果表明,该菌株24 h内对100 mg·L-1毒死蜱的降解率高达86.8%;在外加碳源浓度为0.3%时降解率最大;细菌的生长量随着外加碳源浓度的升高而增加;pH在偏酸和偏碱性的条件下降解率较大,pH 9.0时达到最大,细菌的生长量在pH 8.0~10.0偏碱性的条件下较大;在毒死蜱浓度为100 mg·L-1时降解率最大,该菌具有较强的抗药性,当毒死蜱浓度达到1?000 mg·L-1时仍能生长,细菌的生长量在800 mg·L-1时达到最大,绝对去除量随毒死蜱浓度的提高而增加;细菌的生长和降解需要适宜的温度,30℃培养时,降解率和生长量最大.本研究提出了细菌XZ-3生长和降解毒死蜱的最佳培养条件,可为农药污染治理及生产污水处理提供理论依据. 相似文献
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2,6-二叔丁基酚降解菌的降解特性研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
从腈纶废水处理构筑物的生物膜中分离、筛选得到1株能降解2,6-二叔丁基酚的菌株,经驯化,其对2,6-二叔丁基酚的降解率提高了26%,具有了较高降解能力.经形态和生理生化鉴定,该菌株属于产碱菌属(Alcaligenes sp.).通过摇瓶试验考察了生长条件对菌株的生长和底物降解的影响,得出该菌株的最适生长条件为温度37℃,初始pH为7.0,接种量为0.1%.在该条件下,对初始底物浓度为100mg/L的降解过程进行了考察,结果表明其11d的降解率达62.4%,而且降解过程符合Eckenfelder动力学模型,半衰期为9.38d.还对不同初始底物浓度对菌株降解性能的影响进行了研究,结果表明最佳初始底物浓度为200mg/L,当小于该值时,初始底物浓度的增加促进该菌株的生长和底物的降解,而当大于这个值时,则起抑制作用. 相似文献
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以乙草胺为唯一碳源,通过摇瓶培养研究了Rhodococcus sp.T3-1对乙草胺的降解特性.结果表明,菌株T3-1降解乙草胺的最适温度为37℃,且其在pH值6~10的范围内对100mg/L乙草胺的降解率均在96%~97%之间.该菌株在接种量为5%条件下,14h内可将200mg/L的乙草胺降解95.5%;乙草胺的降解速率与乙草胺初始浓度呈负相关,与菌株T3-1的初始接种量呈正相关.菌株T3-1还可以降解丁草胺,但不能降解丙草胺、异丙草胺和吡草胺. 相似文献
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研究了有机磷农药降解菌株Arthrobacter sp.scl-2对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷的降解特性,结果表明菌株scl-2可以利用苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷为唯一磷源生长.菌株scl-2降解苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷的最适温度均为30℃,哒嗪硫磷的降解在初始pH8时速度最快,而丙溴磷和苯线磷的最适初始pH均为7,偏酸偏碱均不利于菌株对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷、丙溴磷的降解.利用气相色谱-质谱联机鉴定了苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷、丙溴磷的降解产物,分别为3-甲基-4-甲硫基苯酚、6-羟基-2-苯基-2-氢哒嗪酮和4-溴-2-氯苯酚. 相似文献
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Xingdu Chen Chengjian Yang Weiwei Wang Bizhou Ge Jun Zhang Yucan Liu Yaping Nan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(3):88-98
The biodegradation characteristic and potential metabolic pathway for removal of environmental N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) by Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 was studied. Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 was isolated from the rhizosphere of a pagoda tree and proved capable of utilizing DMAC as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Batch culture studies showed that strain B83 could tolerate up to 25 g/L DMAC and showed distinct growth on possible catabolic intermediates except for acetate. The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that approximately 71% of the initial nitrogen was converted to organic nitrogen. DMAC degradation has led to accumulation of acetate and organic nitrogen, meanwhile traces of nitrate and ammonia was build-up but without nitrite. The growth of strain B83 could be inhibited by adding exogenous acetate. By means of the assay of enzymatic degradation of DMAC, several catabolic intermediates at different intervals were observed and identified. Based on the results obtained from culture solution and enzymatic degradation assay, a detailed pathway is proposed for DMAC biodegradation. 相似文献
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草甘膦废水有机污染物的微生物降解 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
生物处理技术,是从自然界中选育菌株来处理废水的原始形式,即利用废水中的有毒污染物作为唯一碳源,微生物利用其进行生长,从而达到使废水降解的效果。以草甘膦废水为唯一碳源,通过选择性富集培养法、驯化培养法、划线分离和纯化,从湖北宜昌某化工集团污水处理厂排污口活性污泥中分离得到菌株XF150。三次驯化过程中,菌株XF150降解草甘膦废水最高降解率达95.52%。经观察形态特征及培养特征,初步鉴定菌株XF150为青霉菌属(Penicillium sp).。由单因子优化法实验法探讨了温度、pH值、底物浓度对菌株XF150降解草甘膦废水的影响,得出菌株XF150降解草甘膦废水的最适条件:温度为30℃、pH为7.0、底物浓度为600mL/L,在最适条件下菌株对草甘膦废水降解率可达84.18%,其矿化程度较高,为草甘膦废水的生物处理技术提供最佳处理方案。 相似文献
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从长期生产苯醚甲环唑的农药厂污泥中分离到1株能以苯醚甲环唑为唯一碳源生长的细菌,命名为B2.根据其生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将该菌株鉴定为剑菌属(Ensifer sp.).菌株B2在24h内降解100mg/L的苯醚甲环唑的效率达85%以上.该菌株降解苯醚甲环唑的最适pH值为7.0,最适温度为30~35℃,降解速率与初始接种量呈正相关,与初始农药浓度呈负相关.基础盐培养基中,B2对初始浓度>400mg/L的苯醚甲环唑几乎无降解作用. 相似文献
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Biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene in soil by Mucor sp. SF06 and Bacillus sp. SB02 co-immobilized on vermiculite 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene (BaP). The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP. 相似文献