改性纤维素对电镀废水中Cu2＋，Zn2＋，Ni2＋的捕集

制备并研究了改性纤维素对Cu2 、Zn2 、Ni2 3种重金属离子的捕集效果.研究了反应时间、药剂用量、pH值、反应温度对其效果的影响.结果表明,在pH值为中性或碱性,反应温度为25℃时,改性纤维素对重金属离子具有较好的捕集效果.今后可进一步根据物质结构与性能的关系对天然高分子进行改性,并加强应用的研究.     

环保型阻垢剂的研究进展

介绍了近年来循环冷却水系统中环保型阻垢剂的研究进展。重点阐述了价廉无污染的淀粉、单宁、木质素、纤维素、壳聚糖和腐植酸钠等天然高分子环保型阻垢剂,以及目前广泛应用的共聚物类的环保型阻垢剂和聚环氧琥珀酸、聚天冬氨酸、S-羧乙基硫代琥珀酸等新型环保型阻垢剂的阻垢性能和环境降解性能,并对这些阻垢剂的应用现状进行了阐述。而改性和复配是环保型阻垢剂的发展趋势。     

膜的改性及其在环境领域应用研究进展

膜改性由于具有清洁、廉价、节能等特点，近年来得到快速发展，是解决膜污染的有效方法之一。本文综合介绍了膜的基体改性、表面改性这两种改性类型和目前常用的改性方法包括表面涂覆、表面活性剂改性、化学修饰改性、仿生改性等等，并简单介绍了膜改性在环境领域的应用，探讨了膜改性今后的发展。     

PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰预处理油墨废水的研究

本文介绍聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）改性粉煤灰的制备,并用制备的改性粉煤灰处理实际油墨废水。研究改性粉煤灰的投加量、反应时间、废水pH值、水温对废水有机物CODG和色度去除率的影响。研究表明在最佳的试验条件下．油墨废水的脱色率高达94％,CODCr去除率也达到了74％。     

超滤膜污染成因及改性措施研究进展

超滤膜因其优越的性能,广泛应用于生物制品、医药制品和食品工业的分离、浓缩以及纯化环节。然而,膜污染问题一直制约着超滤膜的进一步发展。在膜污染发生之前,可以通过化学改性(等离子改性、表面涂层包覆改性、共混改性)的方法来改善膜的防污性能。文章综合国内外的相关研究成果,介绍了超滤膜的污染形式以及改性方法。     

膨润土的改性及其在废水处理中的应用

简单介绍了膨润土的结构和基本性质，重点探讨了膨润土的改性方法、改性机理及改性膨润土在废水处理中的应用，指出目前膨润土在废水处理中存在的问题，并展望了其应用前景。     

聚苯硫醚（PPS）纤维发展现状与展望

介绍了国内聚苯硫醚纤维生产的发展历程及现状;通过对国内外产品性能对比,指出超细、异形、复合型、改性等产品的开发应用,是高性能聚苯硫醚纤维的发展方向;介绍了几种具有代表性的聚苯硫醚纤维产品。     

凹凸棒土改性方法研究进展

介绍了凹凸土矿物特性、资源概况，综述了凹凸土各种改性方法和研究进展。根据应用凹凸土的不同目的而采用不同的改性方法和改性剂，可相应改善其性能。     

改性天然高分子絮凝剂的研究与应用现状展望

改性天然高分子絮凝剂因具有原料来源广泛、价值低廉、无毒、易于生物降解、无二次污染等优点，受到了国内外众多研究工作者的重视和开发应用。本文扼要的介绍了国内近年来的改性天然高分子絮凝剂方面的研究和应用情况，对其前景进行了展望，并就我国今后在此方面的研究工作提出了一些建议。     

粉煤灰改性吸附材料的研究

本文阐述了粉煤灰的主要化学成份、结构、物理性质，指出粉煤灰改性的物质基础，并结合笔者的研究情况，分析了改性粉煤灰处理废水和废气的机理，介绍了其在处理废水和废气的研究与应用情况，提出了应用改性粉煤灰处理废水和废气中存在的问题及今后研究的重点。     

高效纤维素分解菌复合系的构建及其环境适应性研究

以纤维素培养基和纤维素刚果红培养基为初筛和复筛培养基，从采集的样品中分离得到具有纤维素分解能力的菌株20株。选择其中具有较高纤维素酶活力的12个菌株与2株自生固氮菌和EM菌进行正交实验，得到3个组合表现出协同降解纤维素的作用，对滤纸降解效果为组合12〉组合8〉组合5。选用组合12进行了一系列的环境适应性研究，结果表明，碳源为微晶纤维素＋CMC-Na时CMC酶活最高，最适氮源为蛋白胨＋酵母膏，最适pH6．5，最适培养温度为30℃。培养第6天CMC酶活最高。     

荨麻纤维的研究及其开发技术

荨麻纤维是一种极具开发应用价值的生态纺织纤维。主要介绍了天然纤维素荨麻用于纺织材料的研究和开发技术，重点说明了荨麻纤维的开发和生物质产业之间的联系，以及纤维开发技术和纤维的形态结构、可纺性等。     

长良川水质中溶解氧和化学耗氧量预测模型的建立

文章介绍了GMDH(group method of data handling)方法的基本运算法则，运用改进后的GMDH方法，建立长良川溶解氧和化学耗氧量两个水质项目的长期预到模型，模型相关度可达0．96，基本满足要求，并根据模型对水质变化机理进行分析。     

多孔材料对车用聚丙烯材料VOC问题的改善

通过考察不同类型的多孔材料对白油蒸汽的吸附能力,选择高效的多孔材料作为VOC吸附剂添加到车用聚丙烯材料中,测试经过改性后材料的TVOC含量,结果表明:多孔材料有效地吸附了聚丙烯及加工过程中产生的长链烷烃,并在测试温度下不会解吸附,从而使得材料的TVOC含量达到客户的标准要求。     

Biodegradation and bioconversion of cellulose wastes using bacterial and fungal cells immobilized in radiopolymerized hydrogels

Annually, great amounts of cellulose wastes, which could be measured in many billions of tons, are produced worldwide as residues from agricultural activities and industrial food processing. Consequently, the use of microorganisms in order to remove, reduce or ameliorate these potential polluting materials is a real environmental challenge, which could be solved by a focused research concerning efficient methods applied in biological degradation processes. In this respect, the scope of this chapter is to present the state of the art concerning the biodegradation of redundant cellulose wastes from agriculture and food processing by continuous enzymatic activities of immobilized bacterial and fungal cells as improved biotechnological tools and, also, to report on our recent research concerning cellulose wastes biocomposting to produce natural organic fertilizers and, respectively, cellulose bioconversion into useful products, such as: ‘single-cell protein’ (SCP) or ‘protein-rich feed’ (PRF). In addition, there are shown some new methods to immobilize microorganisms on polymeric hydrogels such as: poly-acrylamide (PAA), collagen-poly-acrylamide (CPAA), elastin-poly-acrylamide (EPAA), gelatin-poly-acrylamide (GPAA), and poly-hydroxy-ethyl-methacrylate (PHEMA), which were achieved by gamma polymerization techniques. Unlike many other biodegradation processes, these methods were performed to preserve the whole viability of fungal and bacterial cells during long term bioprocesses and their efficiency of metabolic activities. The immobilization methods of viable microorganisms were achieved by cellular adherence mechanisms inside hydrogels used as immobilization matrices which control cellular growth by: reticulation size, porosity degree, hydration rate in different colloidal solutions, organic and inorganic compounds, etc. The preparative procedures applied to immobilize bacterial and fungal viable cells in or on radiopolymerized hydrogels and, also, their use in cellulose wastes biodegradation are discussed in detail. In all such performed experiments were used pure cell cultures of the following cellulolytic microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis from bacteria, and Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus florida, and Trichoderma viride from fungi. These species of microorganisms were isolated from natural habitats, then purified by microbiological methods, and finally, tested for their cellulolytic potential. The cellulose biodegradation, induced especially by fungal cultures, used as immobilized cells in continuous systems, was investigated by enzymatic assays and the bioconversion into protein-rich biomass was determined by mycelial protein content, during such long time processes. The specific changes in cellular development of immobilized bacterial and fungal cells in PAA hydrogels emphasize the importance of physical structure and chemical properties of such polymeric matrices used for efficient preservation of their metabolic activity, especially to perform in situ environmental applications involving cellulose biodegradation by using immobilized microorganisms as long-term viable biocatalysts.     

SBR工艺的发展与应用

本文对SBR工艺及其变形工艺ICEAS工艺、CASS工艺、UNITANK工艺、MSBR工艺在我国的研究应用情况进行了介绍,认为具有除磷脱氮功能的新型SBR工艺在我国具有良好的应用前景。     

零价纳米铁在修复受污染地下水中的最新进展

本文针对零价纳米铁(nZVI)在修复受污染地下水中存在的易于团聚、迁移性低及易于老化等问题,详细介绍了近年在这些问题研究上的最新进展,包括材料的改性,改性材料对污染物降解的效果及研究中不同因素的影响等。并就nZVI对难降解复杂有机污染物的降解进行了总结,在此基础上展望了nZVI对一类新兴污染物,药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)的降解。     

Cellulose degrading capabilities of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the intestinal fluids of the silver cricket

Cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated from the intestinal fluid of the silver cricket Lepisma Sp. and a culture was developed anoxigenically in the cellulose degrading medium following standard laboratory techniques. The cellulolytic activity of the microbe was examined in a broth culture using Whatman 42 filter paper as the source of insoluble cellulose. Activity was measured spectrophotometrically (620nm) following Anthrone reaction of the culture filtrate and the sugar produced was quantified as a factor of time. The pH optimum was found to be between 7 and 8. Temperature profile optimum was between 30–37°C.The microbes appeared as white colonies on a solid medium. Morphologically the bacterium is a gram-positive nonspore forming rod which was tentatively identified as a new strain of Cellulomonas sp.     

Rock phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic actinomycete isolates of earthworm casts

Four microbial isolates, OP2, OP3, OP6, and OP7, of earthworm casts ofPontoscolex corethrurus were found to be acid tolerant actinomycetes and efficient rock phosphate (RP) solubilizers that could grow fast on NH₄Cl-enriched or N-free carboxymethyl cellulose or glucose as sole carbon source. CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) induced production of extracellular cellulase enzyme and the production of reducing sugar in all the isolates. RP solubilizing power was observed to be inversely related to glucose consumption. The most efficient RP solubilizer was found to consume the least glucose. Growth was faster on cellulose than on glucose media. N-free CMC induced greater glucose production than NH₄Cl-enriched CMC medium. Both CMC and glucose media were acidified by all the isolates, however, RP solubilizing power decreased with acidification. Solubilization power was greatest with isolate OP7, which also produced the greatest amount of reducing sugar per gram CMC. Both RP solubilizing power and the cellulolytic efficiency varied among isolates. A minimum of 631 μg P/0.1 g RP and a maximum of 951.4 μg P/0.1 g RP was recorded.     

白腐菌降解纤维素和木质素的研究进展

纤维素和木质素是潜在的可再生资源，近年来，利用微生物对它们进行降解已成为研究的热点。虽然纤维素较木质素易降解，但其被木质素包裹，故降解的关键问题就是木质素的降解。本文从木质纤维素的生物可降解性出发，重点讨论白腐菌降解木质素酶系及其作用机理。