环境意识培养与中小学素质教育浅析

环境保护是中国的一项基本国策,在中小学开展环境教育,是贯彻这一基本国策的一项战略任务。文中介绍了环境意识的内涵与特征,阐述了环境意识教育与中小学实施素质教育之间的关系,并对加强中小学环境意识教育,提高学生环境素质,提出了见解。     

环境哲学与历史性转变

所谓环境哲学，就是从哲学角度研究环境与发展这一矛盾的运动规律，并用以指导环境工作实践的一门科学。从哲学角度看，推行历史性转变首在转变那些不适应客观变化的观念、经验和制度，以实践作为检验真理的唯一标准，对受计划经济体制影响的理念和经验进行反思，走出误区，以利转变。环境与经济的“并重”和“同步”是促进环境与发展矛盾转化的根本途径，“综合”是用改革的方法解决发展中的环境问题，是实现前两个转变的基本保障。总之，实施“三个转变”就是发挥人的主观能动作用，积极创造条件，促使环境与发展的矛盾由“两难”向“双赢”转化，将“以牺牲环境换取经济增长”转变为“以保护环境，优化经济增长”，真正走上生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。     

对中小学、幼儿园开展环境教育的思考

从一个环境教育管理工作者的角度出发,阐述了目前对中小学、幼儿园开展环境教育工作所面临的一些误区,并针对这些误区采取的解决办法和途径,提出对中小学、幼儿园开展环境教育,不仅仅是为了让学生掌握丰富的环境科学知识,更重要的是培养孩子们的良好环境情感和环境素养,自觉地形成健康的环境价值观和对环境的态度,增强环保责任感,培养他们理想的环境行为。     

环境建设与环境投资

本文要讨论要很好贯彻经济与环境协调发展的方针，使经济、城乡和环境建设同步进行，必须在环境影响评价报告中列有环境投资。环境投资可按拟建工程对环境影响主要对象、主要影响地区及其可能影响和关键环境问题进行估算。环境措施得以实现，须贯彻“三同时”制度。“三同时”制度能顺利贯彻，须将环境投资列入工程投资总预算中。长江三峡利枢纽工程生态和环境影响评价工作，在环境投资上创造了先例，并列入总预算中。有些措施正超前     

小学环境教育的探索实践

环境保护是中国的一项基本国策,在中小学开展环境教育,是贯彻这一基本国策的一项战略任务。文中介绍了小学环境教育的目的,阐述了如何构建小学环境教育体系,对小学环境教育的实施方法和手段提出了观点。     

城市居民践行低碳生活方式的环境满意度评价及环境优化探讨

在借鉴国内外现有研究基础上,尝试构建城市居民践行低碳生活方式的环境满意度评价指标体系,以西安市各县区居民作为调研对象,科学量化出城市居民对践行低碳生活方式的期望值与现实环境感知值之间的差距状态,发掘城市交通环境、居住环境、消费环境、教育认知环境在鼓励城市居民践行低碳生活方式领域存在的问题与不足之处,并对如何进一步优化低...     

论环境基础素质教育

论述了我国中小学基础环境教育的现状及存在的问题,提出了中小学环境教育的内容、途径以及实施原则.     

基层环境执法存在的问题及对策浅析

阐述了环境执法中存在的问题，指出了真正造就一支“来之能战，战之能胜”的高效、廉洁、文明的环境执法队伍，必须加快立法步伐，加大环境法制宣传教育力度，提高环境法制意识，进行行政管理体制创新，改革机构，打破地方政府“供养制”，加强环保执法队伍的建设。     

基层环境应急监测与环境管理的研究

突发事件分为自然灾害类、事故灾害类、公共卫生事件类、社会安全事件类。在突发事件分类中，环境污染突发事件如果破坏性较大，就属于事故灾害类，如果影响较广，引起较大范围的环境质量改变，就属于社会安全事件。针对分类分析了基层环境应急监测与环境管理的相关问题。     

浅议环境预警监测常态化建设

阐述了中国环境预警监测存在的主要问题:监测信息支持系统不够先进、科学;优先监测对象未经优化论证;预警监测能力滞后;应急监测在应急处置工作中处于被动局面。在此基础上,笔者提出了强化环境预警监测应当确立常态化管理意识;开发监测信息支持系统;加强应急监测能力建设;组织各种应急演练等对策建议,对基层环境监管具有借鉴作用。     

环境中氰化物测定方法评述

氰化物在民用工业中用途十分广泛,但它是高毒物质,一旦发生泄漏,就会给人类的生存环境造成严重的后果,因此对环境中的氰化物进行监测具有非常重要的意义。对环境中氰化物测定的容量法、光度法（分光光度法、荧光法和原子吸收光度法）、电化学法（离子选择电极法、极谱法和安培法）、色谱法、放射化学法、流动注射分析法的原理、特点及监测效果作了详细的讨论,希望能够为相关研究者和企业提供有益的参考。     

On the status of environmental education and awareness of undergraduate students at Ankara University, Turkey

The study reported in this paper was undertaken during 2001 and early 2002 to assess the status of environmental education and awareness of undergraduate students at Ankara University, Turkey. The main objectives of the study were to determine the depth of students' knowledge and awareness of environmental issues and problems and their attitude to the environment, and to make recommendations based on the findings. It is generally assumed that in Turkey university students mainly come from a particular socio-economic sector of society. And, therefore, that there is a certain homogeneity of environmental awareness and attitudes among most students at all Turkish universities. To test the veracity or otherwise of this widely held assumption, data on students' socio-economic backgrounds were also analysed. The study comprised face-to-face interviews of a random sample of 651 students in the final year of their educational programmes during which a detailed questionnaire was completed for each. The chi-squared test was used to evaluate collected data. The respondents came from 14 faculties of the university. The study was designed to assess the general characteristics, environmental knowledge, and behavioural pattern of the sample. Results of the study validate the above assumption and reveal, among others, that: a) in general, Ankara University students are reasonably aware of environmental issues and problems; b) majority of those studying environmental subjects are from the social sciences; and c) compared to the rest, students in the health sciences are significantly unaware of issues such as those of sustainable development, organic farming and solid waste pollution.     

论区域环境累积成本的构成与计量模式

从一定区域内环境的累积影响角度出发，尝试性地创建了区域环境累积成本的概念与构成，在此基础上提出了计算区域环境累积成本的两种不同模式——测度环境损失的经济模式与计量实际费用的会计模式，并对其应用作了较详细的阐述。其意义在于，它立足于区域层面揭示了环境成本的构成与计量，为区域环境管理提供了成本效益评价的基本模式。     

建立环境风险防范体系加强对环境风险的管理

阐明了环境风险管理的必要性，提出了环境风险管理的对策和措施。同时，结合当前环境突发事件应急预案编制存在的主要问题，提出了浙江省规范环境突发事件应急预案编制的建议。     

The ecology of COVID-19 and related environmental and sustainability issues

Around the globe, human behavior and ecosystem health have been extensively and sometimes severely affected by the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Most efforts to study these complex and heterogenous effects to date have focused on public health and economics. Some studies have evaluated the pandemic’s influences on the environment, but often on a single aspect such as air or water pollution. The related research opportunities are relatively rare, and the approaches are unique in multiple aspects and mostly retrospective. Here, we focus on the diverse research opportunities in disease ecology and ecosystem sustainability related to the (intermittent) lockdowns that drastically reduced human activities. We discuss several key knowledge gaps and questions to address amid the ongoing pandemic. In principle, the common knowledge accumulated from invasion biology could also be effectively applied to COVID-19, and the findings could offer much-needed information for future pandemic prevention and management.     

一次性环保餐具发展现状和实现大规模生产的措施

阐述了可降解一次性餐具的发展状况和它们对环境保护所起的作用，叙述了秸杆、甘蔗渣和淀粉一次性餐具的生产现状；分析了生产成本和生产效率；指出了这类餐具至今不能大规模生产的主要原因，重点介绍了一种新研制的高效自动化生产设备，使秸杆、甘蔗渣和淀粉餐具的生产成本大幅度降低，生产效率可以提高几十倍。     

矿山环境预警信息系统设计及应用

针对矿山环境监测和预警的需要，采用地理信息系统的理论和方法，设计了满足矿山实际需要的环境预警信息系统，并阐述了该信息系统设计中的关键技术（如系统分析，数据库设计，应用子系统设计、系统功能实现等），还着重探讨了系统应用中的数据模型及方法。     

Challenges of higher education related to e-learning in developing countries during COVID-19 spread: a review of the perspectives of students,instructors, policymakers,and ICT experts

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about many critical issues in all aspects such as economy, environment, health, and lifestyle, but people always try to find some response to crisis in different conditions. E-learning is defined as an elaborate response aiming at continuing education during the COVID-19 pandemic. It seems that developed countries have established and adjusted their technological infrastructures for the transition from a face-to-face education to a digital one. In contrast, developing countries were not completely prepared for this transition. Improper and deficient technological and practical fundamentals have been causing problems for all students, instructors, and other involved individuals. Therefore, we reviewed the challenges that have arisen from e-learning during the COVID-19 outbreak in different parts of tertiary education focusing on underprivileged countries.

     

Cyanides in the environment—analysis—problems and challenges

Cyanide toxicity and their environmental impact are well known. Nevertheless, they are still used in the mining, galvanic and chemical industries. As a result of industrial activities, cyanides are released in various forms to all elements of the environment. In a natural environment, cyanide exists as cyanogenic glycosides in plants seeds. Too much consumption can cause unpleasant side effects. However, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the most common source of cyanide. Live organisms have the ability to convert cyanide into less toxic compounds excreted with physiological fluids. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge on the behaviour of cyanide in the environment and its impact on the health and human life.