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环境是一个“灰色系统”,可以将灰色聚类分析应用到大气环境评价中。灰色聚类可按6个步骤进行:①给出聚类白化值;②确定灰类的白化函数;③求标定聚类权;④求聚类系数;⑤构造聚类行向量;⑥聚类。将灰色聚类分析方法应用于某油田8个主要矿区的SO2、TSP和NOx污染物,得出它们的大气环境质量的相应等级。 相似文献
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灰色综合评判法与大气环境质量评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
依据灰色理论中白化函数的构造原则和聚类原理,提出了灰色综合评判法,并以大气环境质量评价为例作了说明。该法以等斜率方式构造白化函数,拓展了白化函数中污染物浓度的取值范围,有较高的信息利用率。评价结果能同时给出各评价对象所属的污染级别和各评价对象之间环境质量的优劣,具有较强的实用性。 相似文献
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灰色聚类法在水环境质量评价中的应用 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
用灰色聚类法对乐山市境内的岷江、大渡河、体泉河的水环境质量进行评价,并与水质距离评价法、综合污染指数法进行比较。结果表明,灰色聚类法也是一种对水环境质量评价的实用方法。 相似文献
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文章运用灰色聚类法对锦州市小凌河的水质进行综合评价。结果表明,小凌河各断存在有不同程度的污染。结论符合实际情况,说明灰色聚类法具有一定的合理性和可靠性。为水质综合评价提供了一种新的方法。 相似文献
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应用灰色聚类法对乌市大气质量进行了全面评价,指出乌市大气质量属三级(污染级)。大气污染是人为和地理环境等造成的。 相似文献
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构建合理的绿色产业评价指标体系是绿色产业评价的关键.根据绿色产业的内涵,依据信息重复指标的剔除标准和加权灰色关联度最大的指标筛选标准,利用R聚类—灰色关联度分析相结合的方法定量筛选指标,构建绿色产业评价指标体系.主要创新与特色,一是通过离差平方和法对评价指标分准则层聚类,保证筛选后不同指标反应的信息不重复;二是通过灰色关联分析求解R聚类同类指标中各指标的加权灰色关联度,遴选关联度最大的一个指标,保证遴选出的指标对绿色产业评价影响最大;三是通过R聚类—灰色关联分析相结合的方法定量筛选指标,构建22个指标涉及绿色生产、绿色消费、绿色环境三个准则层的绿色产业评价指标体系. 相似文献
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应用灰色理论,以2002,2003,2004,2005,2006连续五年为时间序列点,取大气降水pH值为参考因素,取大气中SO2、NOx、TSP、降尘的浓度为比较因素进行关联分析。灰关联度矩阵表明:邹平县大气降水酸度的最大影响因素是SO2,其次降尘的影响也不容忽视。 相似文献
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首先探讨了常规气象资料计算大气边界层厚度的方法,然后利用全国125个无线电探空站的观测资料,计算了我国早晨与傍晚时的大气边界层厚度h,并分析了h的地区分布与季节变化特征。结果表明,华南地区边界层厚度年平均值最大(h>500m);陕甘宁地区最小(h=318m);多数地区的h值在冬季最小而夏季或春季最大。 相似文献
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以湖南省长株潭地区24个环境空气质量监测国控点数据为基础,对2013年6月~8月持续高温干旱天气条件下,长株潭地区城市PM2.5浓度的日、月变化规律,以及点位差异性分布等进行分析。结果表明,进入夏季持续高温干旱天气后,PM2.5质量浓度较冬季显著下降。受人为活动影响,位于商业区的监测站点的PM2.5较其他站点高;不同城市PM2.5的日变化规律基本一致,呈双峰型;夏季PM2.5上午出现最高值的时间比冬季提前1 h左右,商业区站点的PM2.5最高值出现的时间较其他类型站点早1~2 h。非工作日PM2.5的峰值出现在夜间和凌晨,而工作日则出现在上午9~11点。 相似文献
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济南市环境空气中PM_(2.5)的碳组成与特征分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对济南市环境空气中PM2.5中碳组分污染特征的研究结果表明,济南市环境空气细颗粒物中碳主要以有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的形式存在,二者浓度以冬季最高,且变化趋势相同;OC占总碳比例较高;冬季二次有机气溶胶(SOC)浓度最高,与污染源排放及气象条件有关。 相似文献
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为探讨大气降尘中多环芳烃的污染水平和来源的解析,于2008年冬、春、夏、秋四个季节采集了北京昌平地区大气降尘样品,采用超声抽提方法,使用GC/MS测定了样品中PAHs的含量。结果表明,冬、春、夏、秋四个季节样品中多环芳烃总量分别为18.6μg/g、17.3μg/g、15.1μg/g和11.0μg/g,单体化合物均值分别为1.04μg/g、0.96μg/g、0.84μg/g和0.61μg/g。与其他城市监测结果比较可知:昌平地区大气降尘中PAHs含量相对较低。使用多种方法对降尘中的PAHs来源进行解析,结果表明:化石燃料燃烧在不同季节中的贡献相对稳定,燃煤在冬季为多环芳烃主要来源之一,在其他季节贡献相对较低。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTEnergy optimization is performed on hybrid solar-geothermal power plant working according to Organic Rankine Cycle and installed in southern Tunisia. The performances of four different configurations of the power plant are studied. Mass and energy balances are established for the different compounds. The effects of the main operating parameters such as the geothermal water temperature, ambient temperature and direct normal irradiation on the power plant performances are analyzed. A code is established using Engineering Equation Solver software (EES) to perform the required calculations. Obtained results show that the hybrid solar-geothermal power plant with a heat recovery system is the most suitable configuration design giving a better overall energy efficiency of 15.77 and13.11% and a maximum net power of 1089 and 1882 kW in winter and summer, respectively. However, in the summer season, using a heat recovery system can valuable only when the water temperature is higher than 66°C. For air-cooled condenser, the suitable condensing pressure is 1 bar in winter and 1.9 bars in summer. 相似文献
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Methane oxidation in two Swedish landfill covers measured with carbon-13 to carbon-12 isotope ratios
The release of methane (CH4) from landfills to the atmosphere and the oxidation of CH4 in the cover soils were quantified with static chambers and a 13C-isotope technique on two landfills in Sweden. One of the landfills had been closed and covered 17 years before this investigation while the other was recently covered. On both landfills, the tops of the landfills were compared with the sloping parts in the summer and winter. Emitted CH4, captured in chambers, was significantly enriched in 13C during summer compared with winter (P < 0.0001), and was enriched relative to anaerobic-zone methane. The difference between emitted and anaerobic zone delta 13C-CH4 was used to estimate soil methane oxidation. In summer, these differences ranged from 9 to 26@1000, and CH4 oxidation was estimated to be between 41 and 50% of the produced CH4 in the new landfill, and between 60 and 94% in the old landfill. In winter, when soil temperature was below 0 degree C, no difference in delta 13C was observed between emitted and anaerobic-zone CH4, suggesting that there was no soil oxidation. The temperature effect shown in this experiment suggests that there may be both seasonal and latitudinal differences in the importance of landfill CH4 oxidation. Finally the isotopic fractionation factor (alpha) varied from 1.023 to 1.038 and was temperature dependent, increasing at colder temperatures. Methanotrophic bacteria appeared to have high growth efficiencies and the majority of the methane consumed in incubations did not result in immediate CO2 production. 相似文献