花椒提取物对小麦叶锈病的治疗防效

以花椒提取物为供试药剂,以20%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂为标准药剂对照,在室内对盆栽小麦叶锈病进行防效试验研究。结果表明,花椒提取物对小麦叶锈病具有一定的保护防效和治疗防效。不同浓度的花椒提取物具有不同的防效,存在显著差异性。随着花椒提取液浓度的增大,保护防效和治疗防效随之增强。相同浓度的花椒提取液对小麦叶锈病的保护防效和治疗防效也存在差异,保护防效高于同浓度的治疗防效。当提取液的浓度为40mg/mL时,对小麦叶锈病的保护防效和治疗防效分别为72.15%和63.76%。     

超声波辅助提取毛竹叶中叶绿素的研究

在超声波作用下,通过使用不同溶剂,研究了毛竹叶中叶绿素的提取方法,并对其提取液中叶绿素的含量进行了检测。结果表明,以丙酮为提取溶剂,料液比为1∶40,超声波提取30min,是从毛竹叶中提取叶绿素的最佳技术工艺。     

废活性污泥破乳作用研究初探

利用污水处理厂的废弃活性污泥作为破乳剂，对柴油－水乳状液体系进行了破乳实验研究。结果表明，温度高时活性污泥的破乳效果好，水的脱除率可达９０％。在此基础上将活性污泥用溶剂进行抽提，提取液的破乳作用优于活性污泥。该法既能利用废活性污泥，还为替代化学破乳剂提供了可能性。     

饮用水生物稳定性评价指标研究进展

保障管网中生物稳定性是饮用水安全保障的重点,本文概述了饮用水中生物稳定性评价指标的研究进展,对比分析了国内外不同生物稳定性评价指标及其各优缺点,并提出了今后研究的重点和方向。     

电动汽车快速充电负荷模型构建方法

随着电动汽车大规模的发展,给电网带来了不小的冲击和影响,尤其电动汽车快速充电对电网电压稳定性的影响,准确的负荷模型对研究电压稳定性研究尤其重要。本文分析了电动汽车充电对电网电压稳定性影响。基于快速充电配置建立了电动汽车快速充电的静态负荷模型,通过仿真分析了快速充电器中的整流变换器Rs及Rl对电网电压稳定性的影响。仿真也分析了电动汽车快速充电负载模型与常规的P,Z,I负载模型对电网电压稳定性的影响,结果表明本文所建立的电动汽车负载模型比把电动汽车建立为常规的恒功率、恒流和恒阻抗负载模型有更低的负荷裕度,对电压稳定性影响更高。     

醋酸钠和次氯酸钠对高铁酸钾溶液稳定性的影响

基于分光光度法研究了醋酸钠和次氯酸钠对高铁酸钾溶液稳定性的影响。对于1 mmol/L的高铁酸钾溶液，在25℃和pH值12的环境中，醋酸钠能提高其稳定性，当醋酸钠浓度达到10 mmol/L时，高铁酸钾的稳定性最好，静置10h高铁酸钾的留存率约79%;为验证醋酸钠在高铁酸钾分解有机物的反应中是否仍具有稳定高铁酸钾的作用，以降解苯酚为例，当醋酸钠与高铁酸钾摩尔比为5:1时，苯酚的降解率达到最高值88.9%。次氯酸钠对高铁酸钾的稳定性影响实验结果显示，次氯酸钠可以提高高铁酸钾稳定性，次氯酸钠耗尽前，高铁酸钾留存率接近100%。     

甘肃党参中蛋白质的提取分析

实验采用盐溶法提取甘肃党参中蛋白质,用饱和(NH4) 2SO4溶液进行分级盐析、透析、浓缩后用SDS- PAGE分析,测定不同提取液中主要蛋白质的分子量.结果表明,用pH为6.0的PB缓冲液提取并用饱和度在60％以上的(NH4)2SO4溶液盐析时蛋白提取效果最好;经SDS- PAGE电泳后,初步鉴定出所提取党参蛋白质亚基中最大分子量为68885Da,最小分子量为15570Da.     

交联木聚糖酶聚集体的制备及其性质研究

制备了交联木聚糖酶聚集体(CLEAs),并对其酶学性质进行了研究,以提高木聚糖酶的稳定性.通过毛栓菌发酵分离得木聚糖酶,经硫酸铵沉淀后以戊二醛作为交联剂对其进行化学交联,制得CLEAs,并用常规方法测定了各种因素对游离木聚糖酶和CLEAs的影响.在对耐热性、有机相中稳定性和耐酸碱性的研究中,CLEAs均表现比游离酶有较高的稳定性,因此运用CLEA技术可提高木聚糖酶的稳定性,使其广泛应用于饲料等工业生产中.     

超声处理对提取苦杏仁挥发油的研究

研究了超声处理对提取苦杏仁挥发油的影响。结果表明,超声处理有利于提高苦杏仁挥发油的得率,在所选取的范围内随功率和时间的增加而提高;通过正交实验确定影响挥发油得率的因素从大到小依次为超声功率、物料细度、pH和处理时间,确定最优工艺组合是物料细度为80目;在pH值为5的提取液中浸泡后,超声功率为100W处理30min。经分析,超声处理得到挥发油样品的主要成分是苯甲醛。     

产业结构调整对经济增长稳定性影响分析——以云南省为例

结构调整导致的资源在产业间的流动是推动经济增长的重要力量。产业结构调整作为经济增长的重要影响因素,自然会影响经济增长稳定性。通过统计性描述、脉冲响应分析、方差分解贡献分析三种方法,分析了产业结构调整对云南经济增长稳定性影响。分析结果表明,产业结构调整是云南经济增长稳定性逐步提高的重要影响因素。在此基础上,给出了通过产业结构调整提高云南经济增长稳定性的政策建议。     

萃取法处理含油污泥技术研究

采用萃取法处理新疆油田含油污泥,通过萃取剂的筛选,萃取温度、萃取剂与含油污泥质量比等因素对除油率的影响,以及萃取液放置时间对萃取剂回收率的影响等进行了实验,结果表明:自主研发的萃取剂ZZEG具有较好的除油率与回收率;较低温度时,萃取温度对除油率影响较大;除油率随萃取剂与含油污泥质量比的增加而提高;萃取液的放置时间对萃取剂的回收率无明显的影响,萃取剂回收率随分馏温度的提高而增加,分馏温度以200℃较为适宜。     

采掘行业环境影响评价制度存在问题的探讨

环境影响评价是环境管理的重要组成部分,为我国的环境管理决策提供重要依据。但在实际工作中,我国的环境管理工作仍然存在一定的问题。本文结合采掘行业的特点,分别从法律层面、设计层面和环境影响评价层面等三个方向进行分析,结合发现的问题提出建议,力求从不同的角度完善相关制度和技术要求。从而使采掘行业的环境管理能全面涵盖采掘行业开发过程,最大程度地减少采掘行业开发过程中的环境影响,完善采掘行业环境影响评价制度,对我国采掘行业生态环境的改善及环境影响评价法制建设起到一定的借鉴意义。     

综合利用江油电厂粉煤灰的研究(二)——从自粉化料中提取氧化铝

本文利用正交设计研究了浸取剂浓度、浸取温度、浸取时间、料液比对从自粉化料中提取氧化铝的影响;找出了影响提取氧化铝的主要因素;推荐了从自粉化料中提取氧化铝的最佳条件。     

The environmental impact of water markets: an Australian case-study

Water markets are developing as part of a Council of Australian Governments initiative to promote an efficient use of Australia's water resources. The consequences of these policies on river health is yet to be fully understood, but recognised as having significant interrelationships which need to be explored. This paper examines the consequences of introducing trade and allocating water for environmental use in the Border Rivers region of Queensland. The results of this study suggest that: (1) trade in water entitlements is likely to increase the differential between extractive demand and historical flow regimes as extractive water-use concentrates on the most profitable crops, and (2) water markets are likely to limit the effectiveness of water policies aimed at restoring natural flow regimes. As a result, trade-offs between environmental needs and income from extractive use will need to be determined. This work is important and timely in water-policy development demonstrating the linkages and trade-offs between ecological and economic objectives.     

Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from developing countries

This paper introduces a special issue on ‘Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: experiences from developing countries’. Drawing upon case study analysis from Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, the papers in this issue broaden understanding of how multinational mining and oil and gas companies have embraced the CSR challenge and responded to criticisms of their performance in developing countries. This paper provides an introduction to the debate on CSR in the extractive industries in developing countries, reviewing the key issues examined on this subject to date.     

Japan's develop-for-import policy

Much of the world's remaining mineral resources lie within the underdeveloped nations of the Third World. The current crisis of confidence characterized in international investment and trade in extractive resources has become detrimental to both the resource-rich developing countries and the resource-hungry industrialized countries. Japan is one nation that has developed a strategy to foster mutual trust and to restore confidence in the international extractive industries. This paper examines Japan's develop-for-import policy, ‘kaihatsu yunso’, and its design, implementation and effects on securing foreign resources supplies.     

Ecosystem management: A comparison of greater yellowstone and georges bank

Ecosystem management links human activities with the functioning of natural environments over large spatial and temporal scales. Our examination of Greater Yellowstone and Georges Bank shows similarities exist between human uses, administrative characteristics, and some biophysical features. Each region faces growing pressures to replace traditional extractive uses with more sustainable extractive or noncommodity uses coupled with concern about endangered species. Ecosystem management as a set of practical guidelines for making decisions under evolving expectations is far from complete, and it embodies new demands on individuals and institutions. In each system these challenges are considered relative to: the public's symbolic understanding of the management challenge, ecosystem management ambiguities, information availability, information use, administrative setting, and learning capabilities of governance organizations Progress in making ecosystem management operational may occur as refinements in content and approach make it an increasingly attractive option for resource users, the public, and government officials.     

凝结水精处理技术的应用及发展

概述了凝结水精处理技术的国内外发展现状及主要工艺,对国内外主要系统供应商的技术特点进行了分析总结。     

使用OCMA—350非分散红外测油仪测量水或废水中石油类的探讨

本文初步探讨了使用OCMA－350非分散红外法测定水或废水中石油类过程中萃取剂CCl4的预处理与OCMA-350测油仪的使用。     

Natural resources and the tenth five year plan: Hopes and realities

The tenth Soviet five year plan projected increased extraction of mineral resources and improved utilization of those resources. Through 1976 and 1977, actual production closely parallelled planned production in most resources. Even so, 1978 was a critical year for Soviet resources production, and may determine whether the goals of the tenth plan are achieved. Other areas of Soviet resource policy which are discussed include the drive to accelerate Siberian and far eastern development, the effort to improve capital and manpower efficiency, the attempt to improve resource use and reduce non-essential consumption, and the effort to import advanced extractive technology and capital. The article concludes with the observation that with the difficulties facing the Soviet extractive industries, the tenth plan may be the last which projects and strives for a rapid expansion of the Soviet resource base.