低浓度Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)催化氧化脱除烟气中SO2的研究

生物法烟气脱硫是一种新的脱硫工艺,不仅可以较好地解决SO2废气对环境的污染问题,而且将烟气脱硫与单质硫的生产联系在一起,能带来一定的经济效益。将生物法烟气脱硫过程分成两个阶段：SO2的吸收过程和含硫吸收液的生物脱硫过程。本文重点研究了第一阶段的SO2吸收过程。考察了温度、pH值对SO2的吸收的影响,水溶液中低浓度的Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)对SO2的催化氧化,以及低浓度的Fe(Ⅱ）和Mn(Ⅱ)协同催化氧化SO2,并初探了引入甲醇和亚纳米SiO2颗粒作为添加剂对脱硫的影响及其机理。     

氮气搅拌下高硫铝土矿电解脱硫研究

采用氮气搅拌的方法,强化高硫铝土矿电解脱硫过程,考察了电解液配比、电流密度、气流速度等因素对脱硫率的影响。研究表明：脱硫率随电解液中NaCl含量增加而增加;电解脱硫率随着NaOH浓度和电流密度先升高后下降;增加气体流速能够显著提高电解脱硫率。基于电解脱硫特点,提出了铝土矿电解脱硫工艺与现有氧化铝生产的衔接方式。     

低温捕集/热解吸气相色谱法分析废气中挥发性硫化物

采用低温捕集/热解吸/火焰光度检测填充柱气相色谱法可分析废气中挥发性硫化物。标准气浓度为2.80g/L～38.10g/L时,硫化氢、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、甲硫醚和二甲二硫的平均回收率及相对标准偏差分别为92.1%～106.8%及0.5%～6.0%,采样体积为1.0L时,上述挥发性硫化物的最低检出浓度为0.08ng/L～0.65ng/L。该分析测定了炼油厂某些污染源和催化燃烧脱硫中试装置废气中挥发性硫化物组成,验证了方法的适用性。     

硫化物和硫化合物及其环境意义

含硫物质或含硫化合物,在自然和生态循环中十分重要而独特,对于环境保护和生产安全都有重大意义,文章试图简明扼要的厘清硫化物和硫化合物、二硫化物和连硫化物等生物化学实质,明确指出为了避免歧义,不可乱用这些词汇,含硫物质或含硫化合物包含硫化物和硫化合物,硫化合物可以涵盖硫化物、二硫化物(联硫化物)和连硫化物,并指出其一般的环境意义。     

氧化镁脱硫回收副产品提浓试验研究

本文通过一系列的工业试验对氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫技术中的硫酸镁回收试验进行了研究，结果表明：在烟气氧含量约为14％和吸收液以明流排入塔外吸收液池再循环的情况下，自然氧化和简易强制氧化均能将MgSO4浓度提升至循环温度下的饱和或准饱和浓度；吸收液循环氧化提浓未对脱硫产生负面影响，且脱硫率相对初期有明显提高。     

湖泊沉积物中硫的地球化学循环机制研究

湖泊沉积物中的硫是控制氧化还原体系的重要元素之一。湖泊硫酸盐还原作用主要发生在沉积物表层几厘米范围内,界面硫酸盐还原具有双重环境效应。硫酸盐还原主要形成黄铁矿和有机硫,黄铁矿的生成要受到沉积物中硫酸盐、有机质以及铁氧化物活性的控制。单硫化物不稳定,并且会影响沉积物中重金属的迁移。     

生化法烟气脱硫技术综述

简述了SO2的来源及危害，综述了近年来烟气生化法脱硫的主要技术：烟道气脱硫的直接生物方法、间接生化方法、两步微生物脱硫法及生物化学法脱硫工艺，并介绍了其原理及应用现状，指出了主要优势技术各自存在的问题。对我国烟气生物脱硫技术的未来发展提出了建议。     

微生物烟气脱硫技术研究进展

通过对微生物烟气脱硫方法的介绍，综述了微生物烟气脱硫原理、工艺和技术。叙述了烟气吸收和吸收尾液的处理工艺所利用的脱硫微生物种类，并阐述了氧化亚轶硫杆菌、硫酸盐还原茵、丝状硫细菌、光合硫细菌、无色硫细菌和脱氮硫杆菌的代谢途径、作用效果和关键影响因素，并且指出其优缺点。文章总结了国内外在微生物烟气脱硫工艺的研究进展，并对我国今后微生物烟气脱硫技术发展趋势进行了简要分析。     

高硫煤中有机硫赋存状态与微生物脱硫机理

根据中国工业面临的煤炭脱硫形势，阐述现有煤炭脱硫方法与效果、高硫煤中有机硫赋存状态与微生物脱硫原理，并指出煤炭脱硫技术存在的问题及开发研究方向。     

“J-TECH氨法脱硫及电除雾技术”通过技术评议

正中国环境保护产业协会于2014年1月9日在北京组织召开了广东佳德环保科技有限公司的"J-TECH氨法脱硫及电除雾技术"专家评议会。经专家委员会质询和讨论,该技术最终通过评议。"J-TECH氨法脱硫及电除雾技术"是国家"863"计划课题研究成果的实际应用和创新改进,将改进的氨法脱硫技术与电除雾技术结合使用,脱硫过程中通过加速亚硫酸盐氧化速率提高了氨法脱硫效率,烟气脱硫后又经电除雾器除雾,高效去除了烟气中气溶胶、控制了氨逃逸,副产硫     

GIS与大气污染扩散模型的整合研究

大气扩散模型与GIS整合是当前的重要发展趋势。文章分析了该技术存在的主要问题和可行的解决路线,并指出了其主要发展方向。主张采用GIS二次开发工具和大气污染模型进行整合。详细介绍了开发“硫化氢应急专家系统”的工作中,解决二者整合所取得的研究进展和成果。将GIS、大气模型与应急救援工作三者有机的整合,实现了GIS数据和应急数据的紧密结合及对硫化氢扩散的预测。     

Characteristics of coal mine ventilation air flows

Coal mine methane (CMM) is not only a greenhouse gas but also a wasted energy resource if not utilised. Underground coal mining is by far the most important source of fugitive methane emissions, and approximately 70% of all coal mining related methane is emitted to the atmosphere through mine ventilation air. Therefore, research and development on mine methane mitigation and utilisation now focuses on methane emitted from underground coal mines, in particular ventilation air methane (VAM) capture and utilisation. To date, most work has focused on the oxidation of very low concentration methane. These processes may be classified based on their combustion kinetic mechanisms into thermal oxidation and catalytic oxidation. VAM mitigation/utilisation technologies are generally divided into two basic categories: ancillary uses and principal uses. However, it is possible that the characteristics of ventilation air flows, for example the variations in methane concentration and the presence of certain compounds, which have not been reported so far, could make some potential VAM mitigation and utilisation technologies unfeasible if they cannot cope with the characteristics of mine site ventilation air flows. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows. Moreover, dust, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, and other possible compounds emitted through mine ventilation air into the atmosphere are also pollutants. Therefore, this paper presents mine-site experimental results on the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows, including methane concentration and its variations, dust loadings, particle size, mineral matter of the dust, and other compounds in the ventilation air flows. The paper also discusses possible correlations between ventilation air characteristics and underground mining activities.     

金刚石合成棒含镍酸洗废水的处理

本文研究了“金刚石合成棒含镍酸洗废水的处理”，采用硫化沉淀法，因金属硫化物的溶度积小于金属氢氧化物的溶度积，使镍沉淀完全彻底，不可能出现返溶现象，水质达到国家排放标准。并讨论了含镍废水处理的ＰＨ值、硫化钠浓度、搅拌时间、沉降速度与镍沉淀率的关系和影响。得出了处理金刚石合成棒含镍酸洗废水的基本原理，获得了最佳的工艺技术条件，为工业化处理含镍废水提供了重要的依据。     

普光高含硫气田水中H2S去除技术研究

文章探讨了通常用于水中H2S去除的方法,对比方法的优缺点,提出以NaClO为主要脱硫剂的处理方法。通过对采出水的脱硫氧化剂优选试验、NaClO连续脱硫试验,并将试验研究结果应用于普光高含硫气田水脱硫处理。试验证明:采用NaClO可以安全、高效地去除采出水中的H2S,处理后的气田水中硫化物的含量小于1mg/L。     

高含硫气田试气作业二氧化硫监测方法探讨

针对高含硫气田试气作业排放二氧化硫的问题,利用电化学传感器建立试气监测方法。介绍了方法的原理、监测要求、设计了比对实验,结果表明:复合式气体检测仪方法监测结果能够反映试气二氧化硫扩散特征,该方法与常规人工采样监测方法监测结果的均值和标准差基本符合;两种方法监测结果的线性相关系数为0.993,使用该方法监测试气作业时大气中二氧化硫浓度能满足监测工作要求。     

The shadow price of substitutable sulfur in the US electric power plant: a distance function approach

Given restrictions on sulfur dioxide emissions, a feasible long-run response could involve either an investment in improving boiler fuel-efficiency or a shift to a production process that is effective in removing sulfur dioxide. To allow for the possibility of substitution between sulfur and productive capital, we measure the shadow price of sulfur dioxide as the opportunity cost of lowering sulfur emissions in terms of forgone capital. The input distance function is estimated with data from 51 coal-fired US power units operating between 1977 and 1986. The indirect Morishima elasticities of substitution indicate that the substitutability of capital for sulfur is relatively high. The overall weighted average estimate of the shadow price of sulfur is -0.076 dollars per pound in constant 1976 dollars.     

温江县土壤中的硫

通过对温江县１２年水稻土种含硫量的测定表明，除两个土种外，１０个土种有效硫含量较低。对小麦、小稻和油菜茎杆及籽粒Ｎ／Ｓ测定，小麦、水稻缺硫。合理施用硫肥，增加土壤中的硫素营养，是当前农业环境中要注意的问题。     

Estimating the benefits of pollution reduction on agricultural yields: Taiwan's air pollution emission fees program

Taiwan's implementation of the 1997 Air Pollution Emissions Fees Program will conceivably lead to long-term reductions in pollution emissions. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the benefits to Taiwan from the expected reduction in crop losses as a direct result of such a decrease in air pollution. We employ a demand-supply framework for rice production to estimate the change in social welfare resulting from changes in the concentration of certain pollutants in the atmosphere. Our empirical results show that, in the year 1997, social welfare increments resulting from the decline in sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere ranged between US dollars 946200 and US dollars 2435800. Meanwhile, during the same period, the increase in social welfare due to the decline in the ozone concentration in the atmosphere ranged between US dollars 838100 and US dollars 1927000. The average benefit from the reduction in both sulfur dioxide and ozone concentrations is calculated to be between US dollars 2.67 and US dollars 6.86 per acre (for sulfur dioxide), and from US dollars 2.36 to US dollars 5.43 per acre (for ozone).     

改性活性炭脱除硫化氢工艺参数研究

针对改性活性炭脱除硫化氢过程,研究了空速、温度、原料气浓度、颗粒分布孔径4个主要工艺参数对脱硫效率的影响。结果表明:空速在1 500～4 200h-1时穿透硫容随着空速的降低而增加,当空速继续降低为1 200h-1时穿透硫容基本不变;当0～40℃时,随着温度的升高,穿透时间增加,脱硫效率提高,当温度超过40℃时,随着温度继续升高脱硫效率降低;相同空速下原料气硫化氢浓度变化只改变穿透时间;改性活性炭脱硫剂发挥脱硫作用的微孔结构范围是1～5nm。     

Ultra-deep Desulfurization of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels: Chemistry and Process

Abstract

Recently, ultra-deep desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels is becoming very important worldwide not only because of the heightened interest for cleaner air and thus increasingly stringent environmental regulations for fuel sulfur content, but also because of the great need for making ultra-low-sulfur fuels used in hydrocarbon fuel process for fuel cell applications. This article is a selective review on chemistry and process concerning the ultra-deep desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. The principles and problems for the existing hydrodesulfurization processes and the challenges, concepts, advantages, and disadvantages of various new approaches are discussed, including (1) sulfur compounds in liquid hydrocarbon fuels; (2) Reactivity and mechanistic aspect of various sulfur compounds; (3) Challenges in ultra-deep desulfurization processes; (4) Approaches to ultra-deep desulfurization process.