Ag/TiO2光电催化降解染料及出水有机质影响机制

本研究以阳极氧化法结合电化学沉积法成功制备的具有高度整齐有序纳米管结构的Ag/TiO₂纳米管阵列（Ag/TNTAs）为阳极,碳/聚四氟乙烯为阴极构建光电催化（PEC）体系.并探究其光电催化降解甲基橙（MO）效能,结果表明,Ag/TNTAs光电催化降解能力（68.2%）远高于光催化（18.9%）、电化学氧化（38.2%）和直接光解;另外在水质净化厂出水有机质（EfOM）参与的光电体系中,当EfOM的初始浓度小于或等于1.0mgC/L时,其对光电催化降解MO起到促进作用,其中当其浓度为0.4mgC/L时促进作用最为明显.而高浓度的EfOM则抑制光电催化活性.此研究表明光电催化体系能高效催化染料降解,且EfOM能在一定阈值范围内促进光电催化降解污染物.     

Fe-PTFE-nano-PbO_2/Ti电极电催化氧化对硝基酚废水研究

研究了模拟废水对硝基酚(p-NP)的电化学降解情况,实验中以Fe-PTFE-nano-PbO2/Ti为阳极,石墨为阴极,讨论了电流密度、p-NP初始浓度、电解质(Na2SO4)浓度、溶液初始pH这些因素对p-NP降解的影响。实验表明,电流密度越大,生成的·OH更多,去除效果越好;p-NP初始浓度越小,电解速度高于扩散速度,反应速率越快,浓度越高,产生的更难降解的与p-NP竞争有机物中间产物越多,反应速率越低;Na2SO4浓度越大,SO42-产生的中间产物因具有氧化作用,在一定浓度范围内促进有机物的降解;溶液pH越小,析氧电位越低,越不容易发生析氧副反应,提高降解效率,有利于有机物降解。实验中电流密度20 mA/cm2,p-NP起始浓度100 mg/L,Na2SO4浓度0.02 mg/L,pH为5.1时条件最优,有机物降解效果较好,120 min时p-NP去除率99.23%,COD去除率77.38%,矿化率较高。     

蒽降解菌烟曲霉A10的分离及降解性能研究

从污染环境中筛选出1株蒽降解菌A10,经鉴定为烟曲霉（Aspergillus fumigatus）,其对蒽的降解率随时间的延长逐渐升高,在12～84 h,蒽降解率增长速率较快;此后降解率的增加趋于平缓,最终（168 h）能够达到83%左右.当无机盐培养液中蒽初始浓度为10 mg/L,A10投菌量为50 g/L（以湿重计）,菌龄为36 h时, 5 d内蒽降解率为79.37%.蒽浓度对菌发挥降解作用有较大影响,浓度为5 mg/L时,降解率最高,达92.17%.培养液初始pH为5.0～7.5时,降解率维持在60%左右;温度为30℃、氧气量为4.30 mg/L时蒽降解效果较好.一定量的营养盐的添加能在一定程度上促进蒽的降解.共代谢底物乳糖的添加,能使蒽的降解率提高37.15%.对蒽降解过程的初步研究表明,菌株A10对蒽的降解是一个胞外吸附/胞内降解的动态变化过程.红外光谱分析显示,在微生物作用下,蒽的结构发生改变,生成了含有1～2个苯环的芳香酸、芳香酮、芳香醛和饱和碳氢化合物等一系列降解产物.     

O3/UV降解含氮杂环化合物喹啉

本研究采用O3/UV工艺降解喹啉溶液,系统地探讨了喹啉初始浓度、反应后置时间、初始p H、HCO-3浓度等因素对降解过程的影响.通过测定降解过程中的中间产物,分析了喹啉的降解机制及途径.结果表明随着喹啉初始浓度增加,反应表观速率常数和去除率都降低;p H(7~9)碱性条件时降解效果最好;HCO-3的存在明显降低了喹啉的去除率,加入100 mg·L-1HCO-3喹啉去除率降低了42.01%;反应后置时间对喹啉的去除率及矿化率基本没有影响.喹啉的降解中间产物主要为8-羟基喹啉、5-羟基喹啉、2(1H)-喹啉酮、2-吡啶甲醛等,喹啉在O3/UV体系中的降解途径主要由羟基自由基(·OH)、O3氧化剂发生的加成反应、取代反应、亲电反应等.     

多环芳烃蒽高效降解菌的筛选及其降解中间产物分析

采用选择性富集培养方法,从海洋沉积物中分离到能以高浓度蒽为唯一碳源且生长良好的优势菌,经形态学观察和生化检验初步鉴定此菌为黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)。根据GC/MS方法测定了蒽的含量,经过5 d的优势菌培养对初始浓度为50 mg/L蒽的降解率可达77.6%。在萘、蒽和菲的混合物浓度分别为15 mg/L的情况下,该菌对菲的降解效率明显低于对蒽的降解效率,表现出对多环芳烃的酶降解具有很强的选择性。经对萃取中间代谢产物的质谱分析表明降解蒽的中间代谢产物主要有phthalic acid diisobutyl ester(邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯),9,10-anthracenedione(9,10-蒽醌)和dibutylphthalate(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯),说明它可能通过邻苯二甲酸途径来降解蒽。     

光电催化氧化体系降解苯胺类污染物的同步耦合反应机制研究

以3,4-二甲基苯胺(3,4-dimethylaniline,3,4-DMA)为苯胺类污染物的代表,通过降解贡献度分析、不同影响因素下动力学公式的建立及中间产物分析来探究其在高盐光电催化氧化体系下的同步耦合反应机制.结果表明,氯类活性物质与羟基自由基对3,4-DMA 10 min降解的贡献率分别为87.55%和7.9%,UV直接氧化、阳极直接氧化、光生空穴直接氧化的作用均可忽略.在不同的初始pH值(A)、初始氯化钠浓度(B)、电流密度(C)、光照强度(D)条件下,光电体系中的光催化与电催化反应均表现出协同效应,且电催化反应占主导.4种影响因素可通过影响氯类活性物质与羟基自由基的产生来对耦合机制产生作用.根据所得动力学公式ln(c_0/c_t)=0.0042A~(-0.2422)B~(0.3378)C~(1.4742)D~(0.2300)t,4种因素对反应体系的作用强弱顺序为:电流密度(C)初始氯化钠浓度(B)初始pH值(A)光照强度(D).基于GC/MS对中间产物的检测结果,提出3,4-DMA的两种可能降解路径:①3,4-DMA依次降解为3,4-二甲基苯酚、邻二甲苯、邻甲基苯甲酸、甲苯、苯甲醛、烷烃类物质、CO_2和H_2O;②3,4-DMA依次降解为含N联苯类物质、脂肪酸类物质、CO_2和H_2O.     

萘普生在氯消毒过程中的去除、转化与风险评价

药用活性化合物（PhACs）在氯消毒过程中生成消毒副产物的问题引起了广泛关注.以典型PhACs物质萘普生（NAP）为研究对象,考察各因素对游离氯与NAP反应的影响,探究NAP氯化机制并进行风险评估.结果表明,NAP氯化反应遵循一级反应动力学,NAP在氯化过程中的降解率和反应速率常数随着NAP初始浓度和氨根离子投加量的增加而降低,随着游离氯初始浓度的增加而增大,酸性条件下更有利于NAP的氯化反应.基于HPLC-MS/MS分析鉴定出5种含氯降解中间产物,并提出氯化NAP反应机制.ESCOAR风险预测和发光菌毒性分析表明氯化NAP过程中生成了毒性更高的中间产物,对饮用水安全可能构成潜在威胁.     

悬浮TiO_2-铂电极体系光电催化降解染料

文章采用悬浮TiO2-铂电极体系,以悬浮TiO2作为光催化剂,在两片铂电极间施加一定的电压,研究了染料Procion Red MX-5B在NaCl和Na2SO4电解质溶液中的光电催化降解。光电催化的效率与NaCl溶液的浓度和外加电压密切相关,在0.3mol/L的NaCl溶液中,外加电压8V的条件下,10min内染料的脱色率达到95%,而同时间内光催化脱色率只能达到35%。当外加电压超过5V时,电降解几乎与光电催化具有相同的染料脱色率,然而电降解并不能使染料降解的中间物矿化。光电催化能够在反应的最初一个小时去除溶液中80%的TOC,相同时间内光催化能够去除50%。光电催化与光催化都不能完全矿化所处理的染料,原因在于溶液中生成了非常稳定的降解产物。在Na2SO4溶液中,外加电压只能轻微的提高染料的脱色率,但却不能促进中间产物的分解。     

氯消毒中有机防晒剂BP9的去除转化与风险评价

对典型有机防晒剂二苯甲酮-9（BP9）在氯消毒过程中的氧化反应进行研究,考察BP9初始浓度、余氯初始浓度、溶液pH值和氨氮浓度对反应的影响,探究BP9氯氧化降解机理,评估其生态风险.结果表明,在BP9初始浓度5mg/L、余氯初始浓度5mg/L的条件下,90s内BP9去除率达到91.3%,符合准一级反应动力学.降解速率常数随着BP9初始浓度及氨氮浓度增加而减小,随余氯初始浓度增大而增大,中性条件下有利于BP9氯氧化反应.基于HPLC-MS/MS和GC-MS解析出7种中间产物,提出可能降解路径.发光细菌毒性分析和ECOSAR预测均表明,BP9氯氧化反应生成了比母物质毒性更高的中间产物,对饮用水水质安全造成潜在风险.     

纳米四氧化三铁对2,4-D的脱氯降解

采用纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)降解水溶液中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D),考察了2,4-D初始浓度、纳米Fe3O4投加量、溶液pH和温度等因素对2,4-D降解率的影响.结果表明,纳米Fe3O4对2,4-D有显著的降解效果,初始浓度为10 mg/L的2,4-D, 48 h内降解率可达48%.纳米Fe3O4对2,4-D的降解是一个还原脱氯过程,反应体系中氯离子浓度随2,4-D浓度降低而升高.LC/MS分析表明,2,4-D降解的主要产物是苯酚,其他中间产物是2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)、4-氯苯酚(4-CP)和2-氯苯酚(2-CP).溶液中2,4-D的降解符合准一级反应动力学,产物4-CP、2,4-DCP和苯酚的反应速率常数K分别为0.0043、0.0026和0.0032 h -1.环境条件对降解效率有显著影响,2,4-D初始浓度在0～10 mg/L、纳米Fe3O4投加量0～300 mg/L的范围内,2,4-D降解率随初始浓度和纳米Fe3O4投加量的增加而增大;pH对2,4-D的脱氯降解有显著影响,在pH为3.0时,纳米Fe3O4对2,4-D的还原脱氯效果最好;温度升高,可以提高脱氯反应速率.     

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal

An innovative photoelectrode, TiO2/T1 mesh electrode, was prepared by galvanostaticanodisation. The morphology and the crystalline texture of the TiO2 film on mesh electrode were examined by scanning electronic microscopy and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The examination results indicated that the structure and properties of the film depended on anodisation rate, and the anatase was the dominant component under the controlled experimental conditions. Degradation of Rose Bengal (RB) in photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) reaction was investigated, the results demonstrated that electric biasing could improve the efficiency of photecatalytic reaction. The measurement results of TOC in photoelectrocatalytic degradation showed that the mineralisation of RB was complete relatively. The comparison between the degradation efficiency of RB in PEC process and that in aqueous TiO2 dispersion was conducted. The results showed that the apparent first-order rate constant of RB degradation in PEC process was larger than that in aqueous dispersion with 0.1%--0.3% TiO2 powder, but was smaller than that in aaueaus disverslon with 1.0% TiO2.     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.     

Kinetics of photoelectrocatalytic degradation of humic acid using B2O3·TiO2/Ti photoelectrode

An innovative photoelectrode, B₂O₃·TiO₂/Ti electrode, was prepared by galvanostaticanodisation. The morphology and crystalline texture of the B₂O₃·TiO₂ film on electrode were examined by acomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction respectively. The examination results indicated that the anatase was the dominant component. The kinetics of photoelectrocatalytic(PEC) degradation of humic acid(HA) was investigated; the results demonstrated that effects from strongness to weakness on the photoelectrocatalytic degraded rate of humic acid: power of UV-lamp, area of TiO₂ film, bias, original concentration of humic acid solution. The optimum conditions were power of UV-lamp 125 W, area of TiO2 film 42.0 cm² , bias 1.4 V, original concentration of humic acid solution 5 mg/L in this PEC reaction system.     

Preparation of TiO2/Ti mesh photoelectrode and properties

An innovative photoelectrode,TiO2/Ti mesh electrode,was prepared by anodisation.In anodisation,0.5 mol/L H2SO4 was used as electrolytic solution,the current had been constantly 1A from the beginning of the oxidation until reaching a designed voltage.Results showed that the photocatalytic activity of electrode was better when the designed voltage was 160 V.The morphology and the crystalline texture of the TiO2 film on mesh electrode were examined by scanning electronic microseopy and Raman spectruscopy respectively.The examination results indicated that the structure and properties of the film depended on anodisation rate,and the anatase was the dominant component under the eontrolled experimental conditions.Degradation of Rhodamine B in photocatalytic (PC)and photoelectrocatalytic(PEC) reaction was investigated.     

Preparation of TiO_2/Ti mesh photoelectrode and properties

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Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of high COD dipterex pesticide by using TiO2/Ni photo electrode

A TiO₂ thin film electrode deposited on porous nickel net (TiO₂/Ni) was prepared by the sol-gel method, and the surface morphology, crystal structure features and the grain size were characterized by Field emission scan electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photoelectrocatalytic system was set up using a UV high-pressure mercury lamp as the light source, TiO₂ coated on foamed nickel as photo anode, Pt sheet as counter electrode and the pesticide dipterex in synthetic wastewater. Various factors that influence the photoelectrocatalytic decomposition of dipterex pesticide have been studied, such as degradation time, the type of electrolyte, current density, original pH value and different degradation methods. The prepared catalysts were employed to photoelectrocatalytically degrade the pesticide dipterex under UV irradiation, comparing the results with photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical oxidation. The results indicated that under the optimal conditions of 0.02 mol/L NaCl as the supporting electrolyte, current density = 2.5 mA/cm², pH 6.0 and dipterex pesticide 40 mg/L, and reaction time 2 hr, dipterex chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate and organophosphorous conversion of up to 82.6% and 83.5% were achieved, respectively. The method of photoelectrocatalytic degradation is more efficient than photocatalysis and electrochemical oxidation. The possible roles of the electrolytes on the reactions and probable mechanisms were also discussed.     

K2S2O8强化g-C3N4薄膜电极光电催化降解Cu(CN)32-并同步回收Cu

采用高温液相生长法制得g-C_3N_4薄膜电极并作为光阳极,以石墨毡作为阴极,建立了光电催化系统.通过对比光电催化体系、K_2S_2O_8体系以及外加K_2S_2O_8到光电催化体系,发现在光电催化系统下外加K_2S_2O_8可以有效地提高光电催化降解Cu(CN)_3~(2-)的效率,并实现了Cu在阴极上的有效回收.探究了K_2S_2O_8投加量对CN-降解率和Cu回收率的影响,发现当K_2S_2O_8浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1),偏压为1.0 V时,CN-的去除率和Cu回收率分别达到86.23%和82.11%.通过SEM、EDS和XPS分析阴阳极表面形貌,发现部分Cu+被氧化以CuO的形式存在于沉淀和阳极表面,大部分铜离子通过电化学还原作用以单质铜的形式沉积于阴极表面,铜离子有效地从体系中去除.电子顺磁共振及淬灭实验分析表明,CN-的氧化去除是硫酸根自由基(SO·-4)氧化和非自由基氧化共同作用.     

水处理光电催化反应器内部结构优化布设机理探讨

光电催化(PEC)反应器内部结构的优化布设对水中污染物的降解效率至关重要.本文采用氧化还原法制备了一种蓝色TiO_2纳米管阵列电极板,探究了PEC反应器内各布设因素对亚甲基蓝(MB)降解效果的影响.结果表明,阳极板与光源中心距离的减小、阳极板旋转角度的减小及阳极板数量的增加均会导致MB降解速率的加快.进一步分析表明,各布设因素对MB的降解影响均可归因为紫外(UV)辐照强度.MB的PEC降解速率与阳极板表面UV辐照强度呈线性正相关,其线性拟合公式的斜率(0.00219)和截距(0.0049)分别反映了UV光子应用于阳极催化氧化和直接光降解MB的相对效果,揭示了各反应对MB降解速率的贡献.此外,不同内径(64、72和80 mm)的PEC反应器对比结果表明,反应器内径越小,MB降解速率越快,但内径为80 mm的反应器降解MB的单位电能消耗(E_(EO))最低(17.24 kWh·m~(-3)·order~(-1)).最后,量化分析了不同内径反应器中阳极催化氧化和直接光降解对MB降解速率的贡献,为PEC反应器的优化设计提供了重要参考.     

感应电芬顿降解二甲基砷的效果与机理研究

二甲基砷作为甲基砷的主要种类之一,主要由含砷废水的排放和农药滥用进入环境水体,进而严重威胁着人类的健康.通过改进电芬顿反应中Fe~(2+)的投加方式,构建了以铁棒为感应阳极、RuO_2/Ti网为阳极、2个活性炭纤维为双阴极的感应电芬顿体系.为探究感应电芬顿体系对二甲基砷的降解效果与机理,考察了反应过程中初始pH、电流密度、反应物初始浓度等因素对二甲基砷去除效果的影响.结果表明,在初始pH值为3,电流密度为2 m A·cm~(-2),二甲基砷初始浓度为5 mg·L~(-1)的最佳条件下,经感应电芬顿反应240 min后,二甲基砷去除率高达94.4%.在此体系中,感应铁电极不断释放的Fe~(2+)与阴极产生的H_2O_2发生电芬顿反应产生羟基自由基将二甲基砷降解为一甲基砷、As(Ⅲ)和As(V),同时,铁离子水解生成的铁的羟基络合物将二甲基砷、一甲基砷、As(III)和As(V)吸附在其表面,从而达到二甲基砷的高效去除.