Experimental research of dyeing and printing wastewater treatment by flocculation-MBR combined technology

采用絮凝—膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺进行印染废水处理的试验研究.结果表明,调节pH至8.5、搅拌时间为30min时,COD和色度去除效果最佳；而单纯絮凝工艺对印染废水处理效果不理想,最佳运行条件为64 mg/L NaOH+75 mg/L饱和石灰水+0.2 mg/L聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)+3 mg/L硅酸钠+8 mg/L聚合氯化铝(PAC),COD和NH3-N平均去除率分别达到23.91％、31.17％.在上述最佳运行条件下,采用絮凝—MBR组合工艺处理印染废水,效果较显著；出水COD均值可达42.2mg/L,其平均去除率为91.62％;出水NH3-N均值可达6.26 mg/L,其平均去除率为92.43％,出水水质可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准.     

活性污泥数学模型中溶解性惰性COD的测定

溶解性惰性COD(S1)是决定污水处理厂出水COD能否达标的关键指标.针对溶解性微生物产物对S1测定的影响,对S1的测定方法进行了修正.实际生活污水的测定试验表明,该方法具有很好的重现性和准确性.在长距离输送的合流制污水的实测过程中发现:晴天条件下,瞬时样的S1/COD和Si/SCOD(溶解性COD)变动较大,在24 h混合样中St/COD和S1/SCOD较为稳定,分别为(9.2±0.3)%和(27.3士2.1)%;暴雨天气下,S1/COD和S1/SCOD会明显增加.     

混凝-生物接触氧化-臭氧氧化工艺对印染废水处理特性评价

评价了大塘污水处理厂混凝-生物接触氧化-臭氧氧化工艺对印染废水的处理特性,分析处理过程中COD、色度的去除规律。结果表明:混凝-生物接触氧化-臭氧氧化工艺出水COD浓度最优水平值(TPSs-3.84%)为18.7 mg/L,中间水平浓度(TPSs-50%)为45 mg/L,COD浓度保证值(TPSs-95%)为62.7 mg/L,优于排放标准;工艺出水色度最优水平值(TPSs-3.84%)为10倍,中间水平浓度(TPSs-50%)为40倍,出水保证值(TPSs-95%)为45倍。其中,臭氧氧化在印染废水出水COD和色度的深度处理中发挥重要作用,将出水COD达标保障率由原来的91%提高到100%、出水色度的达标保障率由0%提高到90%。     

发酵类抗生素废水处理工艺及运行效果

介绍了内蒙古某抗生素废水处理厂的处理工艺流程、处理单元类型及其详细设计参数,通过对该污水处理厂半年内运行效果的调研,分析评价该污水处理系统的处理效果及出水指标;该水厂工艺流程对COD、TOC、氨氮、总氮、总磷、BOD和急性毒性的平均去除率分别为96.52%、95.83%、50.24%、55.20%、62.05%、98.52%和99.14%,COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷出水水质分别为477、438、556.7和7.69 mg/L,达到排放到城区下水道要求,园区内所有废水汇集到园区污水处理厂进行集中深度处理达标后排放水体。通过对该水厂工艺的介绍和水质分析,为我国抗生素生产企业面临的废水处理工艺类型选择及工程改造升级提供一定参考。     

石化综合污水处理厂出水溶解性微生物产物的特性

溶解性微生物产物(soluble microbial products,SMP)是生化系统出水残留COD的主要组成部分,通过采用分子量截留超滤分离、有机物树脂分离等方法对某石化综合污水处理厂出水SMP的分子量分布、亲水特性进行了分析研究.结果表明,水样中的SMP占出水残留COD的85%左右。SMP中主要成分是蛋白质,出水中小于1 kDa的有机物是SMP中的主要物质。树脂分离实验表明,亲水性有机物和疏水酸性有机物分别约占出水SMP的50%和20%,是需要进一步处理削减的主要物质类别。     

交替缺氧/好氧CAST工艺污染物去除特性

以模拟城市污水为处理对象,采用循环式活性污泥法(CAST)反应器,对交替缺氧/好氧模式下系统去除污染物的性能进行了研究。结果表明,运行期间系统内有机物的去除率稳定,出水COD小于40 mg/L,COD平均去除率为91.7%;NH4+-N、TN的平均去除率分别为83.9%、72.4%,出水TN以NO3--N为主;系统的除磷性能良好,磷酸盐的平均去除率为90.6%。此外,出水COD、TN和TP均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB-18918-2002)的一级A要求。     

MBBR-SA工艺处理模拟大豆深加工废水厌氧出水及污泥减量化

针对大豆深加工高浓度有机废水厌氧出水的特点,采用移动床生物膜反应器-沉淀池-厌氧池(MBBR-SA)工艺进行处理,重点考察了其COD去除、脱氮以及污泥减量化的性能。处理前厌氧出水水质参数为COD 1 350～1 851 mg/L、TN 45～73 mg/L和TP 35～55 mg/L。结果表明,经过70 d的运行,在最佳水力停留时间(HRT)1.68 d与最佳回流比0.75条件下,出水平均COD、TN和NH4+-N浓度分别为91.5、12.4和11.4 mg/L,分别达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》二级标准、二级标准和一级B标准,其平均去除率分别为96.0%、87.4%和88.3%;该工艺未排放剩余污泥,其表观污泥产率为0.13,比MBBR降低了43.5%,具有明显的污泥减量化特性。     

城市污水厂水质相关性及分布状态的研究和应用

采用统计学及质量控制的一些基本理论及方法对污水处理厂的运行数据进行分析,得出城市污水处理厂BOD5、COD、SS、TN、TP等主要出水指标呈正态分布的规律;城市污水BOD5、COD、TN、TP等指标间存在显著线性相关性的结论.研究结论可用于污水处理厂制定经济合理的出水监测方案以及对污水处理厂运行可靠性等进行评估.     

好氧颗粒污泥法处理石化废水

实验以吉林石化污水处理厂初沉池出水为原水在SBR中培养好氧颗粒污泥。实验初期,依次以比例为40%、60%的含石化废水的培养液进行培养,于第15天SBR中出现颗粒污泥,此后直接采用石化废水培养,同时逐步缩短沉降时间,第27天起反应器出水稳定,COD去除率达到89%,TN、NH3-N和TP去除率分别达到56%、86%和90%。采用此方法培养的颗粒污泥平均粒径约为1.3 mm,外表棕黄色,颗粒表面粗糙,在扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下观察到好氧颗粒污泥主要由杆状菌和丝状菌组成,颗粒内部存在若干孔隙。研究结果表明,在SBR中通过逐步增加石化废水进水比例,缩短沉降时间可以快速培养出好氧颗粒污泥,好氧颗粒污泥处理石化废水效果良好。     

城市污水厂水质相关性及分布状态的研究和应用

采用统计学及质量控制的一些基本理论及方法对污水处理厂的运行数据进行分析,得出城市污水处理厂BOD5、COD、SS、TN、TP等主要出水指标呈正态分布的规律;城市污水BOD5、COD、TN、TP等指标间存在显著线性相关性的结论.研究结论可用于污水处理厂制定经济合理的出水监测方案以及对污水处理厂运行可靠性等进行评估.     

Comparison of polyurethane foam and biodegradable polymer as carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for treating wastewater with a low C/N ratio

This paper presents a comparison between two different materials used as carriers: inert polyurethane (PU) foam and biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) particles for the removal of organics and nitrogen from wastewater with a low C/N ratio using moving bed biofilm reactors. The results, during a monitoring period of four months, showed that TOC and ammonium removal efficiency was higher in reactor 2 filled with PU carriers than in reactor 1 filled with PCL carriers (90% and 65% in the former, compared with 72% and 56% in the latter at an hydraulic retention time of 14 h). Reactor 1 showed good behavior in terms of total nitrogen removal as the biodegradable polymer was an effective substrate providing reducing power for denitrification. From three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix analysis, it was shown that the effluent from reactor 1 contained mainly protein-like and soluble microbial product-like substances.     

废水COD 4种物化表征方法的比较与评估

为了确定废水COD组分表征的物化分析方法,对0.1μm滤膜过滤、0.45μm滤膜过滤、絮凝和絮凝+0.45μm滤膜过滤4种方法进行了实验比较和评估。结果表明:某些材料的滤膜会因"COD溶出"而影响表征结果;4种方法分离废水的重现性都很好,相互没有明显区别;物化分离对废水快速可生物降解COD(SS)没有影响,但4种方法得到的处理液中可生物降解COD仍含降解速率明显不同的组分,其中SS仅占35%～45%。因此,物化方法不能合理表征SS;絮凝+0.45μm滤膜过滤速度快、干扰少、分离机理与活性污泥系统类似,更适用于废水溶解性惰性COD组分(SI)表征。     

Characterization and modeling of nutrient-deficient tomato-processing wastewater treatment using an anaerobic/aerobic system

Tomato-processing wastewaters are typical of slowly biodegradable high strength wastewaters generated from the food canning industry. Three different samples of influent and three samples of anaerobic effluents corresponding to the three influents collected from an on-site pilot-scale anaerobic/aerobic system were characterized using respirometric methods. Respirometric studies demonstrated that the pretreatment in the anaerobic reactor of the pilot-scale system increased the readily biodegradable fraction from an average of 40% of the SCOD in the influent to 50% of the SCOD in the anaerobic effluent, improved kinetics from an average micro(max) of 1.5d(-1) in the influent to 3.5d(-1) in the anaerobic effluent, and eliminated nutrient deficiency. Furthermore, the system was calibrated and simulated by application of wastewater characterization and biokinetic data derived form respirometric tests of influent and anaerobic effluent in Activated Sludge Model no.1 (ASM1).     

膜-生物反应器中溶解性微生物产物的研究进展

本文就膜 -生物反应器中溶解性微生物产物的生成特性及其影响的研究进展进行了总结。在膜 -生物反应器中 ,膜的高效固液分离作用在提高系统容积负荷和出水水质的同时 ,也使生物反应器成为一个相对封闭的系统。以腐殖质、多糖、蛋白质等物质为主要成分的溶解性微生物产物是生物处理出水中溶解性TOC或COD的主要组成部分 ,主要产生于微生物的基质分解过程和内源呼吸过程 ,其高分子物质的含量较多且可生物降解性较差 ,因此 ,在膜 -生物反应器中会出现积累。溶解性微生物产物的过高积累不仅有可能降低膜过滤出水的水质稳定性 ,而且有可能影响污泥活性 ,并引起膜污染。进水浓度和污泥浓度是影响溶解性微生物产物产生量的重要因素。目前有关膜 -生物反应器中溶解性微生物产物的研究还很不完善 ,有很多问题需进一步研究     

Potential of ultrafiltration for organic matter removal in the polymer industry effluent based on particle size distribution analysis

The purpose of the study was the experimental evaluation of ultrafiltration as a potential innovative technology for the removal of organic matter of around 15,000 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD) per liter in the polymer industry wastewater. Particle size distribution (PSD) analysis served as the major experimental instrument along with conventional chemical settling. Biodegradation characteristics of the remaining COD after ultrafiltration were determined by model interpretation of the corresponding oxygen uptake rate (OUR) profile. The study first involved a detailed characterization of the polymer wastewater including PSD analysis of the COD content. Chemical treatability was investigated using lime alone and with ferric chloride as coagulants followed with a PSD assessment of the chemically settled effluent. Modeling of the OUR profile generated by the ultrafiltration effluent defined related biodegradation kinetics and provided information on the overall COD removal potential. PSD analysis indicated that more than 70 % of the total COD accumulated in the 220- to 450-nm size range. It indicated that ultrafiltration was potentially capable of removing more than 90 % of the COD with an effluent lower than 1,500 mg COD/L. Chemical settling with 750 mg/L of FeCl₃ dosing at a pH of 7.0 provided a similar performance. The ultrafiltration effluent included mainly hydrolysable COD and proved to be biodegradable, with the process kinetics compatible with domestic sewage. PSD evaluation proved to be a valuable scientific instrument for underlining the merit of ultrafiltration as the appropriate innovative technology for polymer wastewater, removing the major portion of the COD in a way that is suitable for recovery and reuse and producing a totally biodegradable effluent.     

Multicomponent activated sludge model for reactors in series with recycling

Multicomponent models containing both substrate and biomass have an advantage over conventional models in seeking better understanding of activated sludge systems. Such models are also useful in the characterisation of wastewater. Studies in recent years have shown that most of the soluble organic matter in the effluent of treatment systems consists of soluble microbial products that arise during biological treatment. In order to support experimental studies, mathematical models have also been developed to explain microbial product formation. In connection with the approaches in the literature, a mathematical model for estimating chemical oxygen demand in effluent in dispersed media has been developed in this study. The death–regeneration approach – an approach of multicomponent activated sludge models containing the formation of soluble inert organic matter with together carbon oxidation – was used. Because the differential equations developed for dispersed media have no analytical solutions, the system was represented with the in-series reactor approach, with the death–regeneration and hydrolysis concepts advised in the IAWPRC Task Group Model.     

Integrated catalytic wet air oxidation and aerobic biological treatment in a municipal WWTP of a high-strength o-cresol wastewater

This study examines the feasibility of coupling a Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO), with activated carbon (AC) as catalyst, and an aerobic biological treatment to treat a high-strength o-cresol wastewater. Two goals are pursued: (a) To determine the effect of the main AC/CWAO intermediates on the activated sludge of a municipal WasteWater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and (b) To demonstrate the feasibility of coupling the AC/CWAO effluent as a part of the influent of a municipal WWTP. In a previous study, a high-strength o-cresol wastewater was treated by AC/CWAO aiming to establish the distribution of intermediates and the biodegradability enhancement. In this work, the biodegradability, toxicity and inhibition of the most relevant intermediates detected in the AC/CWAO effluent were determined by respirometry. Also, the results of a pilot scale municipal WWTP study for an integrated AC/CWAO-aerobic biological treatment of this effluent are presented. The biodegradation parameters (i.e. maximum oxygen uptake rate and oxygen consumption) of main AC/CWAO intermediates allowed the classification of the intermediates into readily biodegradable, inert or toxic/inhibitory compounds. This detailed study, allowed to understand the biodegradability enhancement exhibited by an AC/CWAO effluent and to achieve a successful strategy for coupling the AC/CWAO step with an aerobic biological treatment for a high-strength o-cresol wastewater. Using 30%, as COD, of AC/CWAO effluent in the inlet to the pilot scale WWTP, the integrated AC/CWAO-biological treatment achieved a 98% of total COD removal and, particularly, a 91% of AC/CWAO effluent COD removal without any undesirable effect on the biomass.     

Biodegradability oriented treatability studies on high strength segregated wastewater of a woolen textile dyeing plant

Textile dyeing and finishing industry involves considerable amount of water usage as well as polluted and highly colored wastewater discharges. Biological treatability by means of mineralization, nitrification and denitrification of high strength woolen textile dye bathes, first- and second-rinses is presented. COD fractionation study was carried out and kinetic parameters were determined. Biodegradability of organic compounds in highly loaded composite wastewater after segregation and the effluent of applied biological treatment of high strength composite wastewater were measured by determining oxygen consumption rates. The results were used in terms of assessing an alternative method for inert COD fractionation. The study implied that about 80% soluble COD, 50% color and 75% toxicity reduction were possible by single sludge biological processes. Sixteen per cent of total COD was found to be initially inert. Inert fraction was increased to 22% by production of soluble and particulate microbial products through biological treatment.     

利用数学模拟方法分析硝化MBR系统中SMP转换过程

为深入了解膜生物反应器(MBR)中微生物代谢产物(SMP)的生成降解以及利用情况,研究了以NH4Cl为惟一能源物质的硝化MBR反应器中SMP浓度以及分子量(MW)变化情况,并运用活性污泥模型3(ASM3)准确地计算出微生物利用底物相关的溶解性产物(UAP)和微生物死亡相关的溶解性产物(BAP)的量分别是多少,最终证明硝化系统中产生的SMP可作为能源物质被异养菌进一步利用,而且相较于BAP而言UAP更易于被生物降解,得出结论 BAP是SMP中的主要污染成分。     

Factors diminishing the effectiveness of phosphorus loading from municipal effluent: critical information for TMDL analyses

Factors that diminish the effectiveness of phosphorus inputs from a municipal wastewater treatment facility (Metro) in contributing to phosphorus levels and its availability to support algae growth in a culturally eutrophic urban lake (Onondaga Lake, NY) were characterized and quantified. These factors included the bioavailability and settling characteristics of particulate phosphorus from this effluent, the dominant form (70%) of phosphorus in this input, and the plunging of the discharge to stratified layers in the lake. Supporting studies included: (1) chemical and morphometric characterization of the phosphorus-enriched particles of this effluent, compared to particle populations of the tributaries and lake, with an individual particle analysis technique; (2) conduct of algal bioavailability assays of the particulate phosphorus of the effluent; (3) conduct of multiple size class settling velocity measurements on effluent particles; and (4) determinations of the propensity of the discharge to plunge, and documentation of plunging through three-dimensional monitoring of a tracer adjoining the outfall. All of these diminishing effects were found to be operative for the Metro effluent in Onondaga Lake and will be integrated into a forthcoming phosphorus "total maximum daily load" analysis for the lake, through appropriate representation in a supporting mechanistic water quality model. The particulate phosphorus in the effluent was associated entirely with Fe-rich particles formed in the phosphorus treatment process. These particles did not contribute to concentrations in pelagic portions of the lake, due to local deposition associated with their large size. Moreover, this particulate phosphorus was found to be nearly entirely unavailable to support algae growth. While substantial differences are to be expected for various inputs, the effective loading concept and the approaches adopted here to assess the diminishing factors are broadly applicable.