大型水陆两栖飞机AG600着水搜救风险评估

为了对大型水陆两栖飞机AG600在着水搜救过程中的安全风险进行分析，首先总结了会对救援过程产生风险的自然环境因素和人为因素，结合飞机自身指标，建立了水陆两栖飞机AG600着水搜救风险评估体系，在此基础上利用层次分析法计算出了各指标权重；其次，通过指派法构建了各指标隶属函数并确定了模糊综合评价流程；最后，以南海海区某海难事故作为实例背景，对大型水陆两栖飞机AG600参与此次海难事故救援活动的风险性进行了评估。研究表明，评估模型可以量化水陆两栖飞机着水搜救风险，从而为AG600在海上救援体系中的应用提供理论支持。     

江苏省临水区域化工企业事故后果的模糊综合评判

根据江苏省临水区域化工企业的实际情况,采用二级模糊综合评判方法评估其可能发生化工事故的后果严重程度,选取人员伤亡、经济损失和环境影响作为评判指标.运用层次分析法确定各因素的权重集,选定隶属函数后根据该权重集即可运用模糊综合评判方法判定事故后果的严重程度.     

基于AHP-熵权法的石化企业承灾体脆弱性评估

针对石化企业化工事故引发的区域脆弱性研究不足现状,构建脆弱性评估模式。该模式以石化企业承灾体常见事故类型分析为基础构建脆弱性评估指标体系,集成层次分析法和熵权法确定权重并引入多变量Kendall协和系数检验一致性,在此基础上运用模糊综合评价法评估其脆弱性等级。将该模式应用于某石化企业,得到企业内不同区域的脆弱性等级分布。案例应用表明:AHP-熵权法应用于确定指标权重能更好的综合主客观因素的影响,评估结果可指导企业采取事故控制和灾害预防措施,更好的控制区域风险。     

PSO-SVM模型在化工事故风险预测中的应用研究

为了减少化工事故的发生,提高化工生产过程中事故风险预测的准确性,研究了粒子群优化算法与支持向量机(PSO-SVM)模型在事故风险预测中的应用.首先,统计分析近5年化工生产安全事故致因因素,得出化工事故风险因素统计特征,结合层次分析法,建立化工事故风险预测指标体系并确定各指标因素的权重值;然后,基于MATLAB计算生成的...     

钢铁企业动力管道物理爆炸事故风险模糊综合评判

以风险评价理论为基础,根据事故风险率由事故发生可能性和严重性共同确定的原则,应用模糊关系合成原理将影响事故发生可能性和严重性的风险因素进行定量描述,同时应用层次分析法确定各因素权重,建立了钢铁企业动力管道物理爆炸事故风险模糊综合评判模型,最终应用风险矩阵法直观显示出该事故的风险等级。以某钢铁企业为例说明完整的动力管道物理爆炸事故的风险模糊综合评判过程,模型计算结果基本反映该钢铁企业动力管道物理爆炸事故的风险实际水平。     

大型公共场所火灾隐患的定量分析及风险评估

为了更好地控制大型公共场所火灾风险,结合定性和定量分析方法的优势,采用层次分析法-模糊评价法-风险矩阵对火灾风险进行评估。首先根据大型公共场所火灾的事故案例,结合前人的研究,确定了评价火灾风险的一级指标与二级指标,建立了多层次的大型公共场所火灾的评估体系。之后采用层次分析法确定了二级指标的权重因子,采用模糊综合评价法估计事故频率与事故损失的估计值与等级,运用风险矩阵获得大型公共场所火灾风险的水平。将二级指标在频率与损失处的得分相乘再乘以隐患修正系数,得到二级指标的得分,实现对隐患的定量分析。运用上述方法对某一大型公共场所火灾风险进行了分析评估。     

基于状态监测的井喷风险动态安全评价

井喷是钻井作业引发的最严重事故之一.通过分析钻井作业过程各个环节,确定钻井过程的风险因素和指标因素,实时监测钻井作业各参数变化,利用模糊综合层次评价法计算出钻井过程井喷风险概率,实现井喷事故动态风险评价.给出了模糊综合评价法的具体步骤,基于该方法还开发了井喷动态安全评价软件,为钻井过程中钻井液参数和钻井工程参数的优选、调整提供理论依据,同时也为钻井过程的安全生产和管理提供了参考依据.     

大型活动拥挤踩踏事故模糊综合评估方法应用分析

在研讨人群拥挤踩踏事故及其预防控制的基础上,通过采用模糊综合评估方法,客观归类大型活动拥挤踩踏事故影响因素,建立二级模糊综合评估分析模型,并以沈阳世博会开幕式为例进行综合分析,得出安全等级。应用实例表明,模糊综合评估方法评估结果与实际安全状况基本吻合,具有实用性,能够比较客观、真实地反映大型活动的拥挤踩踏事故风险状况,值得在大型活动拥挤踩踏事故评估中推广和使用。     

锂电池航空运输安全风险管理研究

为提高锂电池航空安全运输水平,根据锂电池航空运输的事故资料、运输方式和运输规定的相关要求,识别锂电池在航空运输安全中的风险因素,并结合“人-机-环-管”理论,建立锂电池航空运输安全风险评估指标体系,同时考虑到权重确定中的客观性和差异性等问题,结合部分统计结果并使用权值因子判断法得出了各指标风险性大小,针对主要风险因素提出了具体的改进措施.     

基于改进模糊层次分析法的危废处置中心风险评估

为适应危废产业的迅猛发展,提高危废处置企业安全风险水平,降低危废处置过程中事故风险的发生概率,从物质风险、生产设施风险、工艺技术风险和管理风险4个一级评价指标着手,选取了19项风险因素作为二级评价指标,构建了危废处置中心风险评估体系结构。建立了基于改进的模糊层次分析法和模糊综合评价的风险评估模型,所采用的改进模糊层次分析法优化了确定权重步骤,解决了传统模糊层次分析法评价过程中一致性检验困难的问题,提高了风险评估工作的科学性和简便性,并对辽西地区危废处置中心作出风险评估,结果表明该处置中心风险等级处于较好状态。     

化工园区泄漏事故安全风险评估模式研究

为减少化工事故频发造成严重人员伤亡及财产损失,在分析危化品泄漏事故类型的基础上,从事故发生概率和事故后果两方面提出危化品泄漏事故风险评估模型.以中毒事故为例,对重庆长寿化工园区内某企业一液氨储罐进行风险评估.基于概率模型计算中毒事故概率,结果表明该储罐发生泄漏引起中毒的概率较小;数值模拟结果显示:影响范围随时间的增加而...     

液体推进剂职业中毒风险评价及防护对策研究

本文以某发射场为例,通过主要危险源辨识、作业单元划分、现场调查和监测统计,利用风险指数评估法对液体推进剂职业中毒风险进行量化评价,结果表明:液体推进剂作业存在极度和高度职业中毒风险,发射场液体推进剂作业职业中度风险主要来源于液体推进剂及氮气;液体推进剂设备维修、应急救援及进罐作业存在极度职业中毒风险,转注/加注、取样为高度风险,化验及"三废"处理属于中度风险。根据评价结果并借鉴以往事故经验教训,指出职业中毒伤害与工程控制、个体防护措施和安全意识密切相关,不使用或不能正确使用呼吸防护装备是引发职业中毒的主要原因,并提出针对性的防护措施建议。     

Quantitative risk analysis of urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems

This paper presents a novel quantitative risk analysis process for urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems (GIS). The process incorporates an assessment of failure rates of integrated pipeline networks, a quantitative analysis model of accident consequences, and assessments of individual and societal risks. Firstly, the failure rates of the pipeline network are calculated using empirical formulas influenced by parameters such as external interference, corrosion, construction defects, and ground movements. Secondly, the impacts of accidents due to gas leakage, diffusion, fires, and explosions are analyzed by calculating the area influenced by poisoning, burns, and deaths. Lastly, based on the previous analyses, individual risks and social risks are calculated. The application of GIS technology helps strengthen the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) model and allows construction of a QRA system for urban gas pipeline networks that can aid pipeline management staff in demarcating high risk areas requiring more frequent inspections.     

Quantitative risk assessment model of hazardous chemicals leakage and application

The hazardous chemical accidents remain a matter of major concern. However, there is a dearth of practical measures about the emergency management of hazardous chemicals leakage. Therefore, in order to provide more accurate management plan, quantitative risk assessment has become a critical issue in chemical industry. The main aim of this study is to quantify the risk of hazardous chemicals leakage, and take precautions against the accidents. In this study, a Fire-Explosion-Poisoning Quantitative Probability Model (FEPQPM) has been established. The paper introduced the probability analysis methods to analyze derivative accidents caused by hazardous chemicals leakage, established quantitative risk assessment models, and made acceptable risk level analysis. This model has been applied to quantitatively assess an enterprise’s storage tank at Changshou Chemical Industrial Distripark (CID) in Chongqing, China. Evaluation results are in line with the actual situation of the CID. It is shown that the probability of poisoning is very large, causing more economic loss than the other two types of accidents, and death toll of leakage accident increases over time, resulting in greater economic losses. The risk level of leakage accident involving poisoning is unacceptable.     

Accident modeling of toxic gas-containing flammable gas release and explosion on an offshore platform

Toxic gas-containing flammable gas leak can lead to poisoning accidents as well as explosion accidents once the ignition source appears. Many attempts have been made to evaluate and mitigate the adverse effects of these accidents. All these efforts are instructive and valuable for risk assessment and risk management towards the poisoning effect and explosion effect. However, these analyses assessed the poisoning effect and explosion effect separately, ignoring that these two kinds of hazard effects may happen simultaneously. Accordingly, an integrated methodology is proposed to evaluate the consequences of toxic gas-containing flammable gas leakage and explosion accident, in which a risk-based concept and the grid-based concept are adopted to combine the effects. The approach is applied to a hypothetical accident scenario concerning an H₂S-containing natural gas leakage and explosion accident on an offshore platform. The dispersion behavior and accumulation characteristics of released gas as well as the subsequent vapor cloud explosion (VCE) are modeled by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code Flame Acceleration Simulator (FLACS). This approach is concise and efficient for practical engineering applications. And it helps to develop safety measures and improve the emergency response plan.     

成品油管道地下水环境风险评价研究

应用环境风险评价理论,以石家庄-太原成品油管道为例,通过对工程与环境特性进行分析,识别出其主要的地下水环境风险。根据FEMWATER模型软件,结合当地的水文地质条件,模拟在设定的假想事故状态下,对地下水环境风险进行了评价研究。并提出了有针对性的工程防范措施和监测、管理对策,为工程建设环境风险管理和水资源保护提供了参考依据,也为其他成品油管道的环境风险评价提供了参考。     

Integrating lean principles and fuzzy bow-tie analysis for risk assessment in chemical industry

In this research, a framework combining lean manufacturing principles and fuzzy bow-tie analyses is used to assess process risks in chemical industry. Lean manufacturing tools and techniques are widely used for eliminating wastes in manufacturing environments. The five principles of lean (identify value, map the value stream, create flow, establish pull, and seek perfection) are utilized in the risk assessment process. Lean tools such as Fishbone Diagram, and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) are used for risk analysis and mitigation. Lean principles and tools are combined with bow-tie analysis for effective risk assessment process. The uncertainty inherent with the risks is handled using fuzzy logic principles. A case study from a chemical process industry is provided. Main risks and risk factors are identified and analyzed by the risk management team. Fuzzy estimates are obtained for the risk factors and bow-tie analysis is used to calculate the aggregated risk probability and impact. The risks are prioritized using risk priority matrix and mitigation strategies are selected based on FMEA. Results showed that the proposed framework can effectively improve the risk management process in the chemical industry.     

Research on the prediction model of hazardous chemical road transportation accidents

In recent years, hazardous chemicals road transport accidents have occurred frequently, causing huge casualties and property losses, and accident risk assessment has become the focus of researchers' research. To predict the risk probability value of hazardous chemical road transport accidents, first, we compiled data on road transportation accidents of hazardous chemicals in China in the past five years. And the nine nodes in the Bayesian network (BN) structure were defined in combination with relevant classification standards. The optimal Bayesian network structure for hazardous chemical road transport accidents was determined based on the K2 algorithm and the causalities between the nodes. Second, the node conditional probabilities were derived by parameter learning of the model using Netica, and the validity of the model was verified using the 5-fold cross-validation method. Last, the Bayesian network model of hazardous chemical road transport accidents is used to analyze accident examples, and the accident chain of “rear-end-leakage” is predicted, and the accident is most likely to be disposed of within 3–9 h. The study shows that the derived accident prediction model for hazardous chemical road transportation can reason reasonably about the evolution of accident scenarios and determine the probability values of accident risks under different parameter conditions.     

SPA–fuzzy method based real-time risk assessment for major hazard installations storing flammable gas

For monitoring and control of major hazard installations storing flammable gas, the risk based warning/early-warning is very important. A set-pair analysis (SPA) based fuzzy assessment method (SPA–fuzzy) is proposed for the real-time risk assessment in this paper. Based on principle of SPA and fuzzy logic theory, the likelihood of accident occurrence and the consequence of the accident can be assessed, and the risk value or risk degree can be evaluated. The method takes advantage of the data acquired from the real-time safety monitoring system, so that the varying of the risk can be revealed during an accident developing. The risk assessment simulation of VCE accident caused by gas leaked from LPG tank is performed. It is shown that SPA–fuzzy method has the same risk value as that assessed by normal fuzzy method.