环境医学

菌株的平皿掺人试验,均诱发显示阳性反应;其中对壬基酚、2,6一二甲基苯酚、4一辛基酚等烷基酚类化合物呈强阳性反应,怀疑这12种化合物具有强致突变性,且以碱基移码型突变为主。表1参7X182(X) 103239有机烷酚类化合物致突变性研究/刘征涛(中国环科院)…//环境科学研究/中国环科院一2001,14(3)一1一3环图X一6 采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌致突变试验(Ames予est)菌株TA97,1该98、TAloo、TA102,对环境中潜在内分泌激素干扰污染物甲基苯酚等12种烷酚类有机物的致突变性进行研究。结果表明,除2,4-二氯苯酚外,烷酚类化合物对Ames试验中TA98X182(X) 103…     

太湖中微囊藻毒素的遗传毒性研究

应用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验,对从太湖蓝藻水华中提取的微囊藻毒素进行测试.结果表明,太湖蓝藻水华中提取的微囊藻毒素对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型TA98菌株直接作用呈现致突变性,而经S9代谢活化作用后未呈现致突变性;可明显增强小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核率,并呈现一定的剂量反应关系;但未引起小鼠精子畸变率的改变.      

我国24个典型饮用水源地中14种酚类化合物浓度分布特征

研究了14种酚类化合物在我国五大流域(黄河、海河、辽河、长江、淮河)24个典型饮用水源地水源水中的浓度水平.结果显示:14种酚类化合物在我国饮用水源地中的浓度在nd～213 ng·L-1范围内,浓度均值在2.44～31.2 ng·L-1范围内,浓度中位数在nd～40.0 ng·L-1范围内.14种酚类化合物中,硝基苯酚类化合物浓度最高,浓度中位数为37.9 ng·L-1,浓度平均值为27.4 ng·L-1.其次为苯酚、五氯酚、二氯苯酚(2,4-二氯苯酚和2,6-二氯苯酚)和三氯苯酚(2,4,6-三氯苯酚和2,4,5-三氯苯酚);四氯苯酚(2,3,5,6-四氯苯酚、2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚、2,3,4,5-四氯苯酚)和烷基苯酚(邻甲基苯酚、间甲基苯酚和对甲基苯酚)浓度较低.通过商值法对14种酚类化合物进行生态风险评价后发现,14种酚类化合物的风险商均远小于1,表明其对我国饮用水源地的生态风险较低.对8种已报道健康参考剂量或致癌斜率因子的酚类化合物进行健康风险评价,结果显示,7种酚类化合物的最大非致癌风险在10-6到10-4范围内,2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的致癌风险在10-6量级以下,表明其健康危害较弱.     

钱塘江水系中酚类化合物的浓度水平及污染特征

用SPE法富集、HPLC测定了钱塘江水系中苯酚、3-甲基苯酚、4-硝基苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚和2,4,6-三氯苯酚5种溶解态酚类化合物的浓度.结果表明,5种酚类化合物总浓度为0.54～19.90μg/L,平均浓度为4.05μg/L;苯酚的平均浓度为2.06μg/L,占5种酚类化合物总平均浓度的50.7%;各河段酚类化合物的平均浓度从上游至下游呈下降趋势,支流金华江中5种酚类化合物平均浓度为10.2μg/L,是干流中的近4倍.苯酚可作为钱塘江水系中酚类化合物污染的代表物,苯酚浓度(x)与5种酚总浓度(y)间显著正相关(y=0.980+1.491x),R²为0.88.     

模拟真空辐照环境对Ames和SOS标准菌株的影响

利用空间低能综合辐照实验设备对Ames标准菌株TA97,TA98,TA100,TA102和SOS显色反应标准菌株PQ37进行真空辐照处理,研究航天器内真空辐照环境对微生物的影响.通过鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)和SOS显色法对航天器内的真空辐照环境的致突变作用进行生物学评价.研究结果显示,模拟航天器的真空...     

长江、汉江水源水及其自来水中有机物生物毒性的比较

应用XAD-2大孔树脂对长江、汉江(武汉)水源水及其自来水水样中的有机物进行吸附和富集,经洗脱、浓缩、干燥,提取其非挥发性有机物(NVOCs),通过致突变试验(Ames test)和重组酵母雌激素测评试验(YES)分别检测其致突变性与类雌激素效应.结果显示,2008年平水期,水中NVOCs除了长江出厂水对TA98(＋S9)的致突变性检测结果为阴性外,其他水样均为阳性;丰水期除长江水源水外,其他水样对TA98的致突变性为阳性;枯水期在不加S9的条件下,仅长江出厂水、管网末梢水对TA98的致突变性为阳性,其余水样均为阴性.各水样的NVOCs对TA100(±S9)的结果均为阴性.平水期长江、汉江水源水和枯水期长江水源水中的NVOCs均可检出类雌激素效应,丰水期水源水以及各水文期自来水中的NVOCs未显类雌激素效应.2007～2009年不同水文期长江和汉江自来水中NVOCs的致突变比活性均高于水源水;长江、汉江各水样中具有致突变作用的有机物主要为移码型直接致突变物.长江水源水NVOCs的类雌激素效应高于汉江,经自来水厂处理后的出厂水以及管网末梢水中的NVOCs未检出类雌激素效应.     

环境医学

X18 9603233上海市大气悬浮颗粒物有机提取物的致突变性研究/赵贤四(上海铁道医学院预防医学教研室》二//癌变·畸变·突变/中国环境诱变剂学会(上海)一1993,8(2)一78~85环信R一7 采用Ames试验研究上海市大气悬浮颗粒物的致突变性。结果表明在没有体外活化系统的情况下可引起TA98菌株回复突变数增加,加入活化系统可降低致突变性。冬季样品的致突变性大于夏季样品’。比较不同采样点的致突变性,K、H、E等三个点样品的致突变性最强,当考虑到浓度后,H、E、G三点致突变性最强,K点受浓度影响最大。图L表4参nX18 9603234多环芳烃DNA加合物…     

环境友好型阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸毒理性研究

文章通过小鼠急性毒性试验、微核试验和Ames试验,对聚天冬氨酸(PASP)毒理性进行了研究.试验结果表明,LD50≥5000mg/kg.bw,证明PASP是实际无毒物质;在剂量为5.0g/kg.bw以下时,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核的发生率与阴性对照组相近,说明PASP不是染色体畸变型的致突变物质;对TA97,TA98,TA100和TA102四种菌株,在剂量为0.008～5mg/皿范围内,投加与不加S9时PASP的MR最大值为1.45,最低值为0.67,呈阴性,即PASP不是基因致突变物质.研究结果对PASP阻垢剂的工业应用具有指导意义.     

环境医学

X 18 9801947国产柴油机废气颗粒物的致突变性研究/武丽杰…(哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院)//工业卫生与职业病/鞍钢劳动卫生研究所一1997,23(6)一321~324环信R一19 用Ames和小鼠骨做嗜多染红细胞(PCE)徽核试验对三种类型国产柴油机废气颖粒物进行了致突变性检测。Ames试验结果表明,6120型柴油机废气顺粒物剂量在500拼g/皿以上,加与不加S,条件下TA98和TA100的致突变性均呈阳性侣-195型柴油机废气颗粒物在剂量1000阳/皿,不加59条件下TA98和TAloo呈阳性;而4115型柴油机废气颗粒物未显阳性。小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验呈阴性结果。研…     

聚天冬氨酸的环境影响研究

对聚天冬氨酸(PASP)的环境影响进行了综合研究。好氧生物降解性试验表明,PASP属易生物降解性有机物。种子发芽试验显示,1000mg L以下的PASP对单子叶植物(小麦)和双子叶植物(黄瓜)的发芽率和芽形态无显著影响。小鼠急性毒性试验表明,LD50≥5000mg kg,PASP为实际无毒物质。微核试验中,剂量≤5 0g kg时,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核的发生率与阴性对照相近,PASP不是染色体畸变型致突变物质。Ames试验显示,对TA97,TA98,TA100和TA102菌株,在加与不加S9,剂量为0 008～5mg 皿时,PASP的诱变指数最大值为1 45,诱变指数最小值为0 67,呈阴性,PASP也不是基因突变型致突变物质。综合各试验结果,可以初步认为PASP是环境友好型化合物。      

1-硝基芘和多环芳烃联合致突变性的研究

测定了１－硝基芘（１－ＮＰ）和其它（硝基一）多环芳烃对Ａ试验的６个菌株（ＴＡ９８，ＴＡ１００，ＹＧ１０２１，ＹＧ１０２４，ＹＧ１０２６，ＹＧ１０２９）的单一和联合致突变性，１，６－二硝基芘（１．６ＤＮＰ）、１－硝基芘（１－ＮＰ）和２－硝基坊（２－ＮＦ）所单一致突变性都为ＹＧ１０２４，ＹＧ１０２１，ＴＡ９８，ＹＧ１０２６，ＹＧ１０２９，ＴＡ１００，地２－ＮＦ的敏感性稍有差别，联合致突变性实验结果表明     

柴油机排出颗粒物致突变性研究

采用Ａｍｅｓ试验，检测６种国产和进口牌号柴油机排出颗粒物的诱变性，研究发现，６种柴油机排出颗粒物均呈阳性，其颗粒提取物和诱变性之间，存在剂量一反应关系。Ａｍｅｓ试验结果，主要引起ＴＡ９８－Ｓ９的回变菌落落数加，显示受试物中含有移码型直接致突物，试验还发现，国产和进口柴油机排出颗粒物的致突突变性，在怠速和加速工况下，其诱变活性有一定差异。     

饮用水中致突变有机物的光化学氧化研究

以Ａｍｅｓ试验为指标，对城市自为水中致突变有机物的光分解和光催化氧化自理效果进行了研究对比，实验表明，在相同的光照强度下，固定膜光催化氧化对水中致突变物有良好的去除作用，效果优于直接光分解，在处理时间同为１ｈ的条件下，光催化氧化对ＴＡ９８菌株诱变指数的削减率为４７％，而光分解的削减率仅为３３％，对水样的有总有机炭，色谱图峰数和峰面积，及Ａｍｅｓ试验透变指数等３个指标的测定结果分析表明，Ａｍｅｓ试验     

兰州市大气飘尘中致突变物变化规律的研究

本研究对兰州市不同污染区(石油化工为主、燃煤、商业及农村)在不同季节时的大气飘尘,作了对比采样.飘尘样品用溶剂抽提法提取后,用化学萃取法分离为五个有机物馏分.用毛细色谱-质谱-计算机联用系统进行了定性分析,并用毛细管色谱法进行了部分定量分析.用Ames试验(用TA1537、TA98和TA100三株菌.加与不加S-1)对其致突变活性进行了研究.并对有机致突变物在不同污染区、不同季节的变化规律及其来源进行了初步探讨.     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

The photo-oxidation of automobile emissions: measurements of the transformation products and their mutagenic activity

Dilute mixtures of automobile emissions (comprising 50% exhaust and 50% surrogate evaporative emissions) were irradiated in a 22.7 m³ smog chamber and tested for mutagenic activity by using a variant of the Ames test. The exhaust was taken from a single vehicle, a 1977 Ford Mustang equipped with a catalytic converter. Irradiated and nonirradiated gas-phase emissions were used in exposures of the bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA100 and TA98. A single set of vehicular operating conditions was used to perform multiple exposures. The mutagenic activities of extracts from the particulate phase were also measured with the standard plate incorporation assay. (In most experiments only direct-acting mutagenic compounds were measured.) The gas-phase data for TA100 and TA98 showed increased activity for the irradiated emissions when compared to the nonirradiated mixture, which exhibited negligible activity with respect to the control values. The particulate phase for both the irradiated and nonirradiated mixtures showed negligible activity when results were compared to the control values for both strains. However, the experimental conditions limited the amount of extractable mass which could be collected in the particulate phase. The measured activities from the gas phase and particulate phase were converted to the number of revertants per cubic meter of effluent (i.e. the mutagenic density) to compare the contributions of each of these phases to the total mutagenic activity for each strain. Under the experimental conditions of this study, the mutagenic density of the gas-phase component of the irradiated mixture contributed approximately two orders of magnitude more of the total TA100 activity than did the particulate phase. For TA98 the gas-phase component contributed approximately one order of magnitude more. However, caution must be exercised in extrapolating these results to urban atmospheres heavily impacted by automotive emissions, because the bacterial mutagenicity assay was used as a screening method, and additional assays using mammalian systems have not yet been conducted. In addition, only limited number of conditions were able to be tested. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.     

香港某地饮用水中非挥发性有机物致突变性的研究

应用大孔树脂吸附浓集水中有机物的技术,结合Ames致突变试验,研究了香港某地饮用水中非挥发性有机物（NOcs）的致突变性．结果表明,在加与不加代谢活化系统（±S9）条件下,1～2 L水中的非挥发性有机物即可诱发鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（TA98）的回复突变;此外,活性炭可部分吸附水中具致突变作用的有机物