悬浮物测定中有关问题

1最小取样量 :以所取水样中悬浮物含量5.0 mg为宜 ,低于此数则称量误差偏大。 2最大取样量 :一般样品水样中悬浮物最佳含量为 1 0～1 50 mg;粘度高、颗粒细的废水 (如造纸、酿造 )应少于 80 mg;对只含无机悬浮物水样取样中悬浮物多些则无妨。 3取样方法 :当分取水样量在50 ml以上时应使用量筒快速分取 ;当悬浮物浓度高分取量在 50 ml以下时 ,最好把移液管尖端小孔放大后分取水样。 4放冷 :以在干燥器中放冷30分钟再称量为宜 ,既达到冷至室温又不致因吸潮而使恒重困难悬浮物测定中有关问题@徐玉宏$阜阳市环境监测站!安徽阜阳236012…     

造纸废水灌溉对湿地土壤中有机质含量的影响

以草浆造纸废水灌溉芦苇湿地为题，通过对污灌后土壤中有机质含量的测定，研究了造纸废水对土壤中有机质的影响，为资源化利用造纸废水提供了理论依据．     

水和废水中挥发性悬浮物的测定

我国对水和废水中挥发性悬浮物的测定方法迄今还没有制订出统一方法,其他测定挥发性悬浮物的方法也不多见。美国《水和废水标准检验法》第15版中的测定方法是通过标准玻璃纤维滤片,将滤片放在滤膜滤器上或者放在     

二噁英类物质CALUX报告基因法在造纸行业的应用探究

选择典型造纸厂,采用化学激活报告基因法(CALUX)测定造纸过程中废水和纸浆中的二噁英类物质,并将部分样品测定结果与高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱(HRGC-HRMS)法测定结果作线性回归,换算系数为0.21,表明CALUX可用于造纸行业废水中二噁英类物质的快速筛查。将CALUX用于测定造纸厂废水中二噁英类物质,结果表明用含元素氯的漂白工艺会产生大量二噁英类物质,其中漂白废水中的目标物毒性当量浓度最高,经处理后可达到国家排放标准;而用无元素氯的漂白工艺,二噁英类物质的产生量会大幅降低。     

高盐量废水悬浮物的分析

测定水样悬浮物 ,根据方法要求 ,在过滤水样后 ,应以蒸馏水连续洗涤 3次 ,再烘干至恒重。这一操作环节不可或缺 ,否则会严重影响分析结果。曾对某颜料公司经中和处理后的废水进行悬浮物分析 (矿化度高达 1 8 2 ｇ/Ｌ) ,发现分别洗涤 1次～4次的 4个样品 ,测得值为 1 0 6ｍｇ/Ｌ、32ｍｇ/Ｌ、1 9ｍｇ/Ｌ和 1 8ｍｇ/Ｌ ,该悬浮物准确值为 1 8ｍｇ/Ｌ。为此 ,在分析含盐量较高的废水时 (如化工废水 ,肠衣废水等 ) ,应特别注意洗涤次数 ,以避免盐份的干扰。高盐量废水悬浮物的分析@王爱华$如皋市环境监测站!江苏如皋226500…     

废水COD分析的取样误差和最小重复测定次数的确定

废水ＣＯＤ分析的取样误差和最小重复测定次数的确定谢美云（福建三明市环境监测站，３６５０００）在日常监测中，发现水中悬浮物对ＣＯＤ值有一定的影响，特别是测定锅炉除尘废水，由于废水中含有大量的未燃烧完的粉煤灰，直接影响着ＯＣＤ值，当粉煤灰含量高时，ＣＯＤ...     

测定地表水中悬浮物的空白校正

进行了测定地表水中悬浮物空白校正与不作空白校正的对比试验 ,得出不作空白校正存在较大误差 ,认为测定地表水中悬浮物时应作空白校正。同时用测定海水中悬浮物的方法作测定地表水中悬浮物的试验 ,试验效果较好 ,符合测定要求。建议可用测定海水中悬浮物的方法来测定地表水中悬浮物     

造纸废水中硫化物的测定

我国造纸行业和一些环保部门,多年来一直采用醋酸锌—过滤—碘量法测定造纸废水中的硫化物。但测定值严重偏高。近年来一些环境监测部门以酸化吹气前处理代替沉淀—过滤前处理大大减小测定误差。但当废水中含有酸性条件下可挥发的还原物质如SO_2、R—SH、R—S—R等仍干扰碘量分析。SO_2浓度高于1毫克/升时将干扰比色分析。     

滤纸法测定悬浮物时应注意的问题

滤纸法测定悬浮物时应注意的问题吴唐松（江苏省灌云县环境监测站２２２２００）《水和废水监测分析方法》（第三版）一书中指出，对采用中速定量滤纸为滤料测定悬浮物时，用前应先用蒸馏水洗滤纸以除去可溶性物质，再烘干到恒重后供用。这一点在实际操作中非常重要，笔者...     

关于水中悬浮物测定的几点建议

《水和废水监测分析方法 (第 3版 )》测定悬浮物有滤膜法、滤纸法和石棉坩埚法。GB 1 1 90 1 - 89水质悬浮物的测定重量法中明确规定 ,测定悬浮物应使用孔径 0 45 μm、直径 60mm微孔滤膜。在实际工作中 ,由于滤纸法成本低 ,设备简单 ,故仍有不少单位使用 ,这不符合ISO 1 70 2 5中的相关规定。为使更多的单位尽快使用规范的方法 ,现将滤膜法与滤纸法作以下比较 :( 1 )滤膜易恒重。由于滤膜吸水性比滤纸差 ,因此在称量的过程中 ,滤膜的质量相对更为稳定 ,易恒重 ,可缩短测定时间 ,提高工作效率。( 2 )滤膜测定误差小。对于干净的空滤膜 2…     

亚铵法制浆造纸厂中段废水处理技术分析研究

通过对采用两级气浮做预处理 ,生物硫化床串联接触氧化做深度处理的治理技术的分析研究 ,结合废水处理工程实例 ,说明了用两级串联气浮 +硫化床 +接触氧化工艺处理造纸中段水技术切实可靠 ,该治理工艺对处理亚铵法麦草制浆造纸中段废水有较强的针对性和可行性。     

Diagenesis of settling seston: identity and transformations of organic phosphorus

Solution (31)phosphorus NMR spectroscopy and sequential fractionation were used to follow diagenetic changes in phosphorus forms during decomposition of settling seston in Lake Nordborg, a shallow eutrophic lake in Denmark. In a decomposition experiment, seston released >60% of their total phosphorus during ~50 days incubation, although seston collected during summer contained more phosphorus and released it over a longer period compared to seston collected during spring. Seston decomposition increased concentrations of potentially bioavailable polyphosphate and phosphodiesters, but also promoted the formation of refractory phosphorus forms that might be buried permanently in the sediment. Combining these results with in situ measurements of phosphorus concentrations in lake water and sediment traps revealed that the release from settling seston plays only a minor role in the accumulation of phosphorus in the hypolimnion of Lake Nordborg.     

新疆番茄酱企业生产废水处理利用方式探析

近年来,新疆番茄酱加工业得到了迅速发展,目前番茄酱的产销量已占全国的90%以上。与此同时，新疆番茄酱生产企业的废水排放量也大幅增加,大量未经处理的废水直接排放,已对当地的水环境构成严重的污染隐患。本文分析了新疆番茄酱企业生产废水的排放特征与目前排放出路的可行性,并结合新疆的自然地理条件及番茄酱企业的分布情况，着重探讨了土地处理这一适合新疆的废水利用方式,以期有利于新疆的环境保护和废水资源的循环利用。     

关于滤纸可溶物对测定悬浮物影响的探讨

针对滤纸可溶物对测定悬浮物结果的影响作了定量和研究。     

Does seston size structure reflect fish-mediated effects on water quality in a degraded semiarid wetland?

This study evaluates whether the size structure of seston (the sum of living and nonliving particles in the water column) reflects the effects of fish on wetland water quality. Using enclosures, we measured water quality and zooplankton community structure in the presence and absence of two fish species with distinct foraging strategies [benthivorous carp (Cyprinus carpio) and planktivorous mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)]. Seston collected from the enclosures was counted and sized automatically with a Coulter counter, and the size structure in the range of 1–60 μm was modelled using the underlying Pareto distribution of particles. Only Cyprinus contributed to a loss of water quality (increased nutrient levels, algal and non-algal turbidity, hypoxia), while both fish species changed zooplankton community composition compared to fishless controls. However, these changes were not reflected in parameters [goodness of fit (r ²) and parameter c (slopes)] of Pareto models. Multivariate statistics suggest that seston size structure responded more to environmental gradients related to water depth but the relationships were also weak. Our overall result contrasts with the regulation of size spectra constructed from living organisms. Although seston integrates many structural and functional features of the water column, the lack of strong relationships between Pareto model parameters and water quality suggests that a size-based approach to characterise seston structure has a limited potential for assessing biota-mediated effects in wetlands in a straightforward manner.     

Assessment of heavy metal pollution of seston from freshwater resources poured into the Northeast Mediterranean region

This study was carried out to determine the accumulation levels of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Cr) in seston to three different freshwater resources poured into the Iskenderun Bay. Seasonal averages of physico-chemical parameters measured at stations, Arsuz Stream, Payas Stream, and Ceyhan River, are classified as Class III—contaminated water according to the temperature parameter in the summer. Payas Stream has been determined to be Class III—polluted water according to pH parameters during the summer season. Ceyhan River was found to be Class III—contaminated water according to the dissolved oxygen parameter in the autumn season. Heavy metal accumulation levels in the seston were determined Fe?>?Cr?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Pb?>?Cd in Arsuz Stream, Fe?>?Zn?>?Pb?>?Cr?>?Cu?>?Cd in Payas Stream, and Fe?>?Zn?>?Cr?>?Cu?>?Pb?>?Cd in Ceyhan River. The results in this study showed that high accumulation levels in seston were determined for Fe while low accumulation levels for Cd.     

A fuzzy multi-stakeholder multi-criteria methodology for water allocation and reuse in metropolitan areas

In this paper, a fuzzy decision making methodology is proposed to find a socially optimal scenario for allocating effluent of wastewater treatment plants and urban and suburban runoffs to agricultural regions and recharging aquifers. The presented methodology named modified fuzzy social choice (MFSC) considers multi-stakeholder multi-criteria problems under uncertainties inherent in a decision making process utilizing a fuzzy ranking method and the fuzzy social choice (FSC) theory. A set of water and wastewater allocation scenarios are proposed for water quantity and quality management of the study area, while six main stakeholders with conflicting utilities and different negotiation powers are involved. The proposed methodology is applied to Tehran metropolitan area, the capital city of Iran with the population of about 8 million people, to examine its applicability and effectiveness. The results shows that using fuzzy multi-stakeholder multi-criteria decision making method considering equal and different negotiation powers can lead to different outcomes. Based on the results, the MFSC method, which considers a number of decision makers having different negotiation powers, degrees of importance of decision making criteria, and some important uncertainties, performs more promising in real water resources management problems.     

工业废水污染源的自动监测

报道了杭州市环境监测部门采用废水自动采样仪和流量计进行工业废水污染源自动连续监测的实践和体会。     

棉浆粕废水中CODCr值与TOC值相关性研究

棉浆粕废水具有排放量大、有机污染物浓度高、色度深等特点,用在线监测仪测定废水中的TOC,同时用重铬酸钾法测定废水中的CODCr,以此寻找出棉浆粕废水中CODCr与TOC之间的相关性.采用在线监测仪快速测定废水中的TOC值,可间接求出CODCr的测定值,能够真实反映棉浆粕废水中CODCr值,从而达到对棉浆粕废水中CODCr含量的有效监控.     

印染废水处理污泥危险废物鉴别过程中有毒污染物的迁移转化及鉴别因子筛选

简述了印染废水处理污泥危险废物鉴别过程中有毒污染物的迁移转化及鉴别因子筛选。以采用活性染料的印染企业为例,从常用的原辅材料、使用的生产工艺、常用的废水处理工艺等几个方面来对印染废水处理污泥危险废物鉴别过程中有毒污染物的迁移及转化进行分析。提出危险废物鉴别工作任重而道远,危险废物鉴别的关键在于日常监管。