PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰预处理油墨废水的研究

本文介绍聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）改性粉煤灰的制备,并用制备的改性粉煤灰处理实际油墨废水。研究改性粉煤灰的投加量、反应时间、废水pH值、水温对废水有机物CODG和色度去除率的影响。研究表明在最佳的试验条件下．油墨废水的脱色率高达94％,CODCr去除率也达到了74％。     

PAFS-PDM混凝剂处理油田钻井废水实验

文章以硫酸铝、硫酸铁与聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)为原料,制备PAFS-PDM复合混凝剂并表征其结构形态,同时考察了pH值、混凝剂投加量对油田钻井废水中COD的去除率以及溶液中Zeta电位的影响,为复合混凝剂的开发及使用提供一定的参考。研究结果表明:当PAFS-PDM复合混凝剂的投加量为8 000 mg/L、pH值为5时对塔里木油田钻井废水中COD的去除率达93.05%,此时溶液中Zeta电位较低。XRD衍射及SEM表征结果显示,制备的PAFS-PDM复合混凝剂中存在铝铁—羟基聚合物,微观形态下复合混凝剂将聚合形成的扇形片状结构再相互连接成发散立体结构,从而增大了比表面积,提高了混凝剂的吸附架桥能力,结合Zeta电位分析得出PAFS-PDM复合混凝剂为阳离子型混凝剂,而且具有较强的电中和能力。     

粉煤灰处理印染废水的现状及分析

本文综述了粉煤友在印染废水中的应用。粉煤灰作为吸附剂可直接处理印染废水,处理效率较低,改性后粉煤灰可提高吸附性;利用粉煤灰的混凝作用对COD的去除率一般为50％-60％,色度去除率为80％左右;当粉煤灰与铁屑产生电化学作用时,用于印染废水预处理是行之有效的;作为印染废水助凝助沉剂,结合其他工艺,可使印染废水中COD和色度去除率分别达到90％和95％以上,并列举了粉煤灰处理印染废水成功的实例。但仍应加强理论研究,解决工程与设备问题是今后的工作方向。     

中试试验对比PAC和PAFC处理低温饮用水的混凝性能

低温降低了混凝剂的混凝性能，为保持传统混凝沉淀工艺中低温条件下饮用水的出水水质，需要优选混凝性能更好的混凝剂。本试验选用了小试试验中性能更优的无机高分子复合混凝剂PAFC（聚合氯化铝铁）与无机高分子混凝剂PAC（聚合氯化铝）进行中试对比试验。试验结果表明铁铝复合混凝剂PAFC在低温条件下的混凝性能要优于铝盐PAC。使用PAFC时混凝澄清池的出水浊度能保持在3NTU以内，在0．55～2．87NTU之间变化。而使用PAC的出水浊度在1．44～3．87NTU之间。比较其他出水指标如色度、氨氮、pH、电导率、铁和CODM。后发现，当PAFC比PAC平均节省药剂12．3％时，PAFC的处理效果仍旧比PAC好。     

一种高效复合絮凝剂对多种废水的处理效果

用聚合氯化铝（PAC）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）复配成复合絮凝剂（PAC＋PAM）应用于污染河水、生活污水、工业废水和餐饮废水等6种废水的处理，结果表明。PAC、PAM、PAC＋PAM对污染河水的CODc。SS、浊度有显著降低作用，PAC＋PAM的净水效果明显优于PAC和PAM；PAC＋PAM对6种废水中COD的去除率为81．5％～90．4％，平均84．6％。对SS的去除率为81．9％～96．5％，平均88．9％，对浊度的去除率为91．3％-98．0％，平均95．1％；处理后悬浮物基本被絮凝沉降，水体变得较清澈透明，异味或臭味消除。说明本PAC＋PAM复合絮凝剂对各种废水均有良好的净水效果，具有重要的应用价值。     

光催化还原法处理含cr（Ⅵ）废水的研究

采用自制TiO2作为光催化剂,利用光催化-混凝联合处理含Cr（Ⅵ）废水,研究了废水的pH值、催化剂用量、反应时间、有机物和混凝剂种类对含Cr（Ⅵ）废水中Cr（Ⅵ）去除率的影响。结果表明,在添加EDTA,pH值为1,紫外灯120min左右,二氧化钛加入量为0．4g,采用FeCl3和PAM作为混凝剂时,Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效率最好。     

含油浮渣的资源化综合利用研究初探

针对铝盐系无机混凝剂（如硫酸铝、聚合铝）用于含油废水脱油净化处理而产生的含油浮渣，提出了一种使含油浮渣资源化综合利用的无机酸直接酸化处理的工艺方法。本处理工艺的特点在于：①可以充分回收原油；②循环使用铝盐混凝剂；③免除对含油浮渣饼的焚烧处理过程。铝盐混凝剂经５次循环使用，仍保持很好的除油效果。     

PAC和PAM复合絮凝剂在洗涤剂废水处理中的应用研究

絮凝性能的实验研究表明,PAC和PAM复合絮凝剂是处理洗涤剂废水的理想絮凝剂,采用该复合絮凝剂处理洗涤剂废水时的最佳操作条件如下：PAC用量为1．5g／L,PAM用量为10mg／L,pH值约为7．0,絮凝搅拌速度60r／min,絮凝搅拌时间30min,沉淀池沉淀时间为30min。该实验结果在中试规模的应用中得到了较好地验证,中试试验研究表明采用PAC和PAM复合絮凝剂处理洗涤剂废水,CODCr和LAS(直链烷基苯璜酸钠)去除率分别可达85％和72％以上,有效地解决了LAS难以生物降解等问题。     

SBR法处理炼油废水的研究

研究了SBR（程序间歇式活性污泥）法处理炼油废水的最佳工艺条件和除氮效果，以及投菌SBR法处理炼油废水中污染物的效果。确定了SBR法处理炼油废水最佳反应温度为25℃－40℃，pH值为6.0-8.5，反应时间为8－12h，活性污泥浓度为2000－4000mg/L。当反应期内好氧曝气和缺氧搅拌交替进行3－4次，脱氧率可以达到90％以上。将实验室筛选得到的除油菌投加于BR复合生物反应器中处理炼油厂隔油池出水，废水中各种污染物的去除率分别为：COD93．5％，石油类98．6％，总氮89．8％。     

精制棉蒸煮清洗废水处理工程实践

精制棉蒸煮清洗废水（黑液）色度高,成分复杂,属于难处理高浓度有机废水。采用“物化-生化”工艺对其进行处理,BOD、COD、色度、SS去除率分别为95．42％、96．58％、98．25％、70．00％,工程运行稳定,处理费用约为1．93元/m^3。     

微电解技术处理钻井污水的试验研究

采用铁屑/活性炭微电解法,对化学混凝处理后的钻井污水进行试验研究,得出最佳工艺条件:起始pH为1.0、铁/炭质量比为10、反应时间3h,宜选择活性炭、铸铁作为微电解法的材料。多因素正交试验表明:对CODCr去除能力的影响顺序为:起始pH>液固比>铁/炭质量比,对两种有代表性的活性炭分别确定了最佳工艺条件。在四川普光气田普光A-2井现场试验表明,化学混凝——铁屑/活性炭微电解处理钻井污水,能够达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)一级标准要求。     

我国南方某城市垃圾焚烧飞灰特性及固化/稳定化处置实验

我国南方某城市主要采用焚烧法处理生活垃圾,已建7个焚烧厂日产生飞灰量为101.62 t/d。文章分析了各个垃圾焚烧厂飞灰的化学组成和重金属浸出毒性,其主要成分为CaO、SiO2、MgO、Al2O3、Fe2O3、Na2O、SO3和Cl,所有焚烧飞灰都有至少一种重金属浸出浓度超标,属于危险废物。在飞灰处置出路亟待解决的背景下,实验探讨了飞灰稳定化工艺,结果表明10%的水泥添加量可以使飞灰中超标重金属(Cd、Pb和Zn)的浸出浓度满足危险废物鉴别浓度限值和安全填埋场入场浓度限值。同时,通过人体健康风险评价分析了飞灰豁免管理的可行性,并对近期和远期该城市焚烧厂飞灰的处理处置及管理提出建议。     

改性粉煤灰处理制革废水试验研究

本试验利用硫酸溶液对粉煤灰进行踟陛，研究了改性粉煤灰对制革废水的处理效果及其影响因素。试验结果表明，经酸处理后的改性粉煤灰对制革废水具有较好的处理效果。     

Photocatalytic degradation of organic wastes by electrochemically assisted TiO2 photocatalytic system

Photocatalytic degradation of organic wastes with nanosized titanium dioxide particles has been studied for a long time in order to offer an appropriate method for wastewater treatment, but its practical application is greatly limited by the slow process. In this work, an electrochemically assisted TiO2 photocatalytic system was set-up by combining a TiO2 photocatalytic cell with a three-electrode potentiostatic unit. The composite system revealed high photocatalytic activity towards organic wastes mineralization. After continuous treatment for 0.5 h, the maximum absorption of rhodamine 6G (R-6G) was reduced by more than 90%; chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) of textile dye wastewater (TDW) were decreased by 93.9 and 88.7%, respectively. The biodegradability of TDW was also improved because the COD/BOD5 ratio decreased from 2.1 to 1.2. All these results indicated that the composite system could be used for effective organic wastes mineralization or as a feasible detoxification and color removal pretreatment stage for biological post treatment.     

有机颜料废水的混凝预处理研究

利用絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)和混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)对有机颜料废水进行混凝处理,考察了单独使用CPAM、PAC及两者联合使用的处理效果,探讨了初始pH值、混凝剂投加量对处理效果的影响.结果表明,CPAM与PAC复配处理该废水时效果较好,水样pH值为7.0;CPAM与PAC的投药量分别为10mg/L和150mg/L时,浊度去除率可达97.56％.     

絮凝—电气浮法处理屠宰废水的研究

本文叙述了采用聚硫酸铁絮凝预处理和电气浮法处理屠宰废水的研究。探讨了絮凝剂加入量,PH值,搅拌时间,搅拌强度;沉降时间对絮凝效果的影响;探讨了气浮电压,气浮时间,电流密度,絮凝剂加入量对电气浮效果的影响;试验结果表明,COD去除率可达90%以上。经本法处理后之屠宰废水达到了四川省污染物排放标准中一类水域甲级的水平。     

Assessment of electrocoagulation for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater

Batch electrocoagulation experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal of sulfate and COD from petroleum refinery wastewater using three types of electrodes: aluminum, stainless steel, and iron. The effects of current density, electrode arrangement, electrolysis time, initial pH, and temperature were investigated for two wastewater samples with different concentrations of COD and sulfate. The experimental results indicated that the utilization of aluminum, as anode and cathode, was by far the most efficient arrangement in the reduction of both the contaminants. The treatment process was found to be largely affected by the current density and the initial composition of the wastewater. Although electrocoagulation was found to be most effective at 25°C and a pH of 8, the influence of these two parameters on the removal rate was not significant. The results demonstrated the technical feasibility of electrocoagulation as a possible and reliable technique for the pretreatment of heavily contaminated petroleum refinery wastewater.     

Response surface optimization of acid red 119 dye from simulated wastewater using Al based waterworks sludge and polyaluminium chloride as coagulant

In this research, the performance of Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and Polyaluminium Chloride sludge (PACS) as coagulants for acid red 119 (AR119) dye removal from aqueous solutions were compared. The sample of PACS was collected from "Baba Sheikh Ali" water treatment plant (Isfahan, Iran) where PAC is used as a coagulant in the coagulation/flocculation process. A response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the simple and combined effects of the operating variables including initial pH, coagulant dosage and initial dye concentration and to optimize the operating conditions of the treatment process. Results reveal that the optimal conditions for dye removal were initial pH 3.42, coagulant dosage of 4.55 g dried PACS/L and initial dye concentration of 140 mg/L for PACS, while the optimal initial pH, coagulant dosage and initial dye concentration for PAC were 3.8, 57 mg/L and 140 mg/L, respectively. Under these optimal values of process parameters, the dye removal efficiency of 94.1% and 95.25% was observed for PACS and PAC, respectively. Although lower amount of PAC in comparison with PACS was needed for specific dye removal, the reuse of PACS as a low-cost material can offer some advantages such as high efficiency for AR119 dye removal and economic savings on overall water and wastewater treatment plant operation costs.