鲜水河断裂带炉霍7.9级地震地质灾害研究

鲜水河断裂带是中国西南地区一条现今活动强烈的大型左旋走滑断裂带,局部具挤压性质,具有规模大、活动性强、地震频度高、强度大且往复迁移等特点。鲜水河断裂带发生的地震,诱发了大量的地质灾害,尤其是1973年炉霍7.9级地震。在基于前人资料之上,结合现场调查,对炉霍7.9级地震诱发滑坡的类型、规模、分布规律、运动特征,地震滑坡与地层岩性、地形坡度的敏感性以及滑坡机理进行了分析研究,并与2008年汶川地震滑坡进行了对比分析,为今后该地区地震滑坡灾害的防治减灾提供必要的的借鉴和依据。     

则木河断裂变形产物中微观粘滑与蠕滑标志的鉴别

在则木河断裂带宏观研究的基础上,结合岩石破裂实验成果,对包括1850年大震变形带在内的断裂产物进行定向原态采集、固结、制片和镜下系统观测,从复杂纷呈的变形遗迹中鉴别出微观粘滑与蠕滑标志。最后就有关问题进行了简要讨论.     

茅东断裂带断层产物与断裂滑动方式

笔者对茅东断裂带构造岩和断层泥进行了显微构造、力学实验研究和差热分析.由显微变形、构造岩类型及方解石脉穿插、位移等微观现象显示茅东断裂带具有多期的挤压剪切运动方式,其中"切砾"现象、石英塑性变形等反映茅东断裂具有快速粘滑兼有旋转的滑动方式,它与溧阳地震的成因机制是统一的.     

鲜水河地震带炉霍段泥石流特征初步研究

鲜水河地震带是我国8大地震带之一,其附近区域地质灾害活动强烈。鲜水河地震带炉霍段是泥石流多发段,该地带的泥石流发育特征与活动断裂分布、地形地貌和水文气象因子密切相关。结合GIS技术,分别从地质构造、地理位势、地层岩性、水文气象和人类活动5个方面揭示了该区域泥石流的成因和分布特征。调查结果表明,研究区的泥石流发育具有明显的区域性和季节性,其发育程度与距离鲜水河断裂带的远近密切相关。     

基于GPS的川青地块周边活断层上大震序列分析

选择川青地块及周边3条主要活动断层——鲜水河断裂带、龙门山断裂带和东昆仑断裂带为研究对象,以构造应力场资料及GPS监测数据作为地表约束参考,结合地质资料及历史地震资料,基于与状态相关的摩擦本构关系,模拟了研究区域内最近的4次强震——昆仑山口地震、汶川地震、玉树地震及芦山地震发生前后断层——地块体系的力学和运动状态。结果表明,应力、应变、位移状态与地震发生存在一定的联系,初步推断研究区域内未来可能发生强震的地段为鲜水河断裂带的甘孜——道孚段、龙门山断裂带的西南段和东北段。     

渤海及其邻区地震活动特征和构造涵义

本文利用新编 M_3>4(3/4)级历史地震目录及1970年以来 M_L>4.0级地震目录,对渤海及其邻区地震活动特征进行了分析。结果表明,地震图象及地震活动性参数的空间等值线显示该区地震主要受北西向天津—蓬莱断裂带和北北东向郯庐断裂带及其分支断裂的控制,而北西带的活动性更强烈;1970年以来4级以上地震在空间上沿活动构造带定向迁移与丛集,而以活动构造为基础划定的统计单元内4级以上地震随时间呈线性、指数或幂函数增长三种类型;海城和唐山大震发生于4级以上地震局部集中且呈指数增长过程中。结合地质构造及岩石破裂实验,讨论了上述地震现象的构造物理涵义及地震预报意义。     

茅东断裂带中强地震的平均重复间隔研究

本文根据茅东断裂带地质调查、考古、地壳形变、历史地震和现今地震等资料,采用地质方法和Brune方法,分别计算第四纪以来各时段茅东断裂带年平均滑动速率.并据此选用Wallace.R.E和莫尔纳Molnar.P方法进行平均重复间隔计算,结果表明:中强地震重复间隔数十至百余年,原地重复率达89%.在今后一段时间该断裂带仍有中强地震发生的可能性.     

液化流滑变形模型及初步实验

简要分析了地震液化流滑的灾害问题,初步研究了液化不同阶段引起流滑的机制,建立了流滑变形模型,进行了三轴实验和振动台系列实验研究,着重研究了引起液化流滑的微观机制,以及如何通过孔压变化来判定和识别流滑事件.研究发现,影响液化流滑的因素主要有土壤的种类、颗粒级配和土壤赋存条件、均匀程度以及边界条件等,研究结果有助于进一步加深对液化大变形的认识.     

两次南黄海地震前常熟地震台的地倾斜异常

本文利用常熟地震台的地倾斜连续四年的观测资料,经分析发现:在两次南黄海地震前(1984年5月21日Ms=6.2级地震和1987年2月17日 Ms=5.1级地震)存在着明显的中、短期趋势性异常和短临突变性异常.最后讨论了地倾斜异常特征与地震之关系.     

鲜水河流域地质灾害时空分布规律及孕灾环境研究

鲜水河是青藏高原隆起过程中沿鲜水断裂带形成的年轻河流,流域内新构造运动活跃、气候变化异常,是我国地质灾害高易发区,共发育各类地质灾害627处,具有显著的"线—带—片"空间特点;季节性、周期性等时间特点。基于1973年炉霍7.9级地震以来的调查资料,结合近5年来对流域内各县进行的1:5万地质灾害详查工作,对孕灾环境条件进行深入研究,得出的主要认识有:(1)地形地貌是地质灾害孕育的物理条件。高程控制人类居住与活动范围,控制气候、植被等垂直分带。斜坡坡度、坡型、坡体与岩体结构、沟谷微地貌控制不同类型、规模、稳定性或易发性的地质灾害。(2)地层岩性是地质灾害孕育的物质基础。不同的地层岩性、土石组成、内部结构、分布、物理力学特性,控制不同类型地质灾害。(3)地质构造、地震、活动断裂是地质灾害孕育的内动力条件。褶皱控制地形地貌,地质构造结构面控制岩土体变形破坏的空间位置和边界,地质构造控制山体斜坡地下水分布和运动规律,活动断层控制岩土体持续变形破坏时间。(4)降雨是地质灾害孕育的外动力诱发条件。降雨增加斜坡体自重、浸润斜坡的软弱结构面、降低斜坡稳定性,为泥石流形成提供水动力作用,是泥石流流体的重要组成。     

The source parameters, surface deformation and tectonic setting of three recent earthquakes: thessalonki (Greece), tabas-e-golshan (iran) and carlisle (u.k.)

Abstract- Three earthquakes have been studied. These are the Thessaloniki earthquake of 20th June 1978 (Ms = 6.4, Normal faulting), the Tabase-Golshan earthquake of 16th September 1978 (Ms = 7.7 Thrust faulting) and the Carlisle earth-quake of 26th December 1979 (Mb = 5.0, Thrust faulting). The techniques employed to determine source parameters included field studies of SUP face deformation, fault breaks, locations of locally recorded aftershocks and teleseismic studies including joint hypocentral location, first motion methods and waveform modelling. It is clear that these techniques applied together provide more information than the same methods used separately. The moment of the Thessaloniki earthquake determined teleseismically (Force moment 5.2 times 10(25) dyne cm. Geometric moment 1.72 times 10(8) m(3) ) is an order of magnitude greater than that determined using field data (surface ruptures and aftershock depths) (Force moment 4.5 times 10(24) dyne cm. Geometric moment 0.16 times 10(8) m(3) ). It is concluded that for this earthquake the surface rupture only partly reflects the processes on the main rupture plane. This view i s supported by a distribution of aftershocks and damage which extends well outside the region of ground rupture. However, the surface breaks consistently have the same slip vector direction as the fault plane solutions suggesting that they are in this respect related to to the main faulting and are not superficial slumping. Both field studies and waveform studies suggest a low stress drop which may explain the relatively little damage and loss of life as a result of the Thessaloniki earthquake. In contrast, the teleseismic moment of the Tabas-e-Golshan earthquake (Force moment 4.4 times 10(26) dyne cm. Geometric moment 1.5 times 10(9) m(3) ) is similar t o that determined from field studies (Force moment 10.2 times 10(26) dyne cm. Geometric moment 3.4 times 10(9) m(3) ) and the damage and after-shock distributions clearly relate to the surface faulting. It h a s also been observed that high aftershock activity appears beneath gaps in the surface rupture system. The Carlisle earthquake (Force moment 9 times 10(23) dyne cm. Geometric moment 3 times 10(6) m(3) ) produced no surface ruptures. However, dislocation model-ling suggests that surface deformation will be visible on a first order levelling line which passes very close t o the epicentre. A well controlled fault plane solution, the first in the British Isles, derived from an aftershock study shows north-south compression. All three studied earthquakes occurred along major faults which had been reactivated in geological times. The fault on which the Tabas-e-Golshan earthquake occurred could have been identified a s active from evidence of Quaternary motion and previous smaller earthquakes. However, there were no perceptible events in the 12 months preceeding the catastrophic earthquake. In both Thessaloniki and Carlisle, significant foreshocks did occur within 6 months prior to the main shock*     

菏泽5．9级地震的发震构造及其前兆构造活动

在分析了地震地质、物探、卫片等新的资料的基础上，认为在菏泽地震区地下隐伏着一条北东向深大断裂带。地震区内的解元集—小留集断裂与北面向的成武—定陶断裂构成共轭破裂导致菏泽５．９级地震发生，北东向断裂是其主要的发震构造。由菏泽５．９级地震前沿发震断层的ＭＬ≥３．０级地震震中迁移、震源深度的变化及跨断层形变测量资料表明，发震断层在区域构造应力场的作用下逐步克服障碍，使断层贯通，与此同时在发震构造断层面上，断层上盘向上逆冲，使应力最后集中在两条断层的交汇部位致５．９级地震发生。     

陕西泾阳4.8级地震前后重力变化与断裂活动

本文对泾阳Ms4．8级地震前后陕西关中地区流动重力观测资料和有关断裂垂直形变资料进行了分析研究。结果表明：①波速比高值区很可能存在地下深部地幔物质的入侵，由此引发地震和重力场的显著下降；②用震源机制解和GPS所作的运动矢量图可以较好地解释泾阳地震前后重力场时空演化特征及有关断裂活动——其变化是北西向剪切应力带作用的结果．     

汶川8级大震震害特征和发震断裂运动方式探讨

2008年5月12日四川汶川8级大地震发生后,笔者随同江苏省地震救援队即赴重灾区北川县城实施救援。在救援期间所获取的现场资料基础上,对该次大震的震害特征和发震断裂运动方式进行了探讨。汶川8级特大地震的极震区地震烈度高达11度;10~11度重灾区主体沿龙门山活动断裂带呈北东方向展布。龙门山断裂带为汶川特大地震的发震断裂,其运动方式为逆冲兼右旋水平错动。由于所处的特殊地震地质环境,地震地质灾害非常严重,致使此次地震的震害更具毁灭性的特征。     

Public participation in NGO-oriented communities for disaster prevention and mitigation (N-CDPM) in the Longmen Shan fault area during the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquake periods

ABSTRACT

The Longmen Shan fault area in southwest China is one of the world’s most active earthquake zones. The epicenters of the two most recent earthquakes, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (8.0?Ms) and the 2013 Lushan earthquake (7.0?Ms), both of which caused serious losses, were only 85?km apart. Community-based disaster risk reduction is the foundation of the disaster management system pyramid and is critical to the success of ‘sustainable hazard mitigation’. Based on multiple collaborative stakeholder perspectives, this paper examines public participation in an NGO-oriented Community for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (N-CDPM) in the period between the two earthquakes as a multi-stage problem; N-CDPM establishment, normal operations, disaster testing, and continuous improvement. Multi-stage field research was conducted in the affected areas in the Longmen Shan fault area to examine the collaboration in each stage, after which the differences were compared across the four stages based on eight key indices; scales, core stakeholders, core network stability, mean number of lines, mean collaborative level, governments, and individual and public organization participation. The government participation, individual participation, and public organization participation are then discussed. This paper provides a novel research approach to CDPM in multiple earthquake regions and gives rich insights into the collaboration between the government and the public for N-CDPM.     

青藏铁路未来地震灾害问题讨论

从青藏高原地震带、活动构造、活动断裂人手，讨论了该区大地震活动规律，指出东昆仑山断裂带东-西大滩段可能是未来发生大地震的最危险地段；提出了应对地震灾害的措施和建议。     

镇海—温州断裂分段性及新生代构造应力场研究

镇海—温州断裂带的新构造活动具分段性,即可分为明显活动的北段,具一定活动的中段及不活动的南段.新生代构造应力场至少可分为两期:第Ⅰ期时代为老第三纪,主压应力方向为NW-SE;第Ⅱ期时代为第三纪及第四纪,主压应力方向为NEE-SWW,现代应力场仍受此控制.新构造活动的分段性可与各分段构造应力场期次的恢复结果相对应.     

用地球化学方法对郯庐断裂带江苏段隐伏断裂的测量研究

郯庐断裂带在江苏境内,大部分为松散层所覆盖。作者采用氡气、α径迹、汞、~(210)钋等四种方法对其进行测量,以确定其位置及产状,其结果与钻孔资料、人工地震和精密磁测成果一致。通过综合分析,认为郯庐带江苏段是一条活动性断裂,但断层气测量结果表明,其新活动水平不高。     

郯庐断裂带江苏及邻区第四纪活动特征

本文根据郯庐断裂带江苏及邻区第四纪断裂分布、活动性质、活动方式、活动期及活动强度在各段发展的差异,将研究区内划分为三段:安丘—郯城、宿迁—泗洪、庐江—广济段。第四纪晚期以来断裂活动由北往南逐渐减弱,北段活动由西向东迁移,南段由东向西迁移,这些特征对潜在震源区的圈定具有重要意义。