CaCO3类吸收剂净化焚烧烟气中HCl气体的研究

通常烟气中的酸性气体采用Ca(OH)2净化,然而当烟气温度在300 ℃以上时,Ca(OH)2喷入到烟气中将快速生成CaCO3.研究了两种CaCO3的反应特性,比较了200～900 ℃内CaCO3类吸收剂和Ca(OH)2与烟气中HCl气体的反应率,发现在600 ℃左右和800 ℃及以上,CaCO3类吸收剂的反应率与Ca(OH)2相当或更高;CaCO3类吸收剂、特别是改性CaCO3可替代Ca(OH)2作为干式净化HCl气体的吸收剂,合适的反应温度在600 ℃左右.     

O3氧化结合化学吸收同时脱硫脱硝的动力学及热力学研究

构建了O3氧化多种污染物的反应机制,并对O3氧化SOx、NOx过程进行动力学模拟,然后利用热力学原理计算出Ca(OH)2和CaCO3湿法烟气同时脱硫脱硝吸收反应达到平衡时SOx和NOx的分压力.结果表明,Ca(OH)2作吸收剂湿法烟气同时脱硫脱硝比CaCO3作吸收剂效果好,而且两者几乎100％地去除烟气中的SOx和NO...     

钙基脱硫剂高温固硫性能的影响因素试验分析

对含硫量为1．51％的大同煤，在不同的气氛和工况下加入钙基脱硫剂，并辅以添加剂，在800—1200℃的高温下开展了较为系统的试验和分析。与CaCO3和CaO相比，Ca（OH）2具有更好的高温固硫性能；Ca（OH）2、CaCO3和CaO在900℃左右均表现出很好的固硫率；氧化气氛较适用于1000℃以下固硫；高温取Ca／S比为2．0～2．5时较适合；按一定比例添加Fe2O3、SiO2和Al2O3配置的复合脱硫剂脱硫效率更高（试验值66．67％），复合添加剂能提高1000℃以上的固硫率，加宽了最佳固硫温度范围，且能维持比较稳定的高温固硫效果；不同条件下，CaSO4分解特性不同。     

强电离放电模拟烟气脱硫实验

应用强电离放电方法进行烟气脱硫，将烟气中大部分O2、N2和H2O等气体分子电离后加工成OH等活性粒子，在高温、不加吸收剂的条件下，直接将SO2氧化成H2SO4。实验中分别研究了烟气在反应室内的停留时间、烟气中含水量和含氧量等因素对脱硫率的影响。实验结果表明，烟气在反应室内停留时间为0．74s，烟气中含水量和含氧量分别为2．8％和20．8％时，SO2脱除率可达到100％。     

负载V2O5-WO3／TiO2掺炭纤维脱除烟气中Hg^0

通过固定床实验系统研究烟气脱除零价汞的实验，首先研究了滤袋常用的聚苯硫醚（polyphenylene sulfide，PPS）以及活性炭纤维（activated carbon fiber，ACF）在不同温度、不同气体组分下负载V2O5-WO3／TiO2催化剂，对模拟燃煤烟气中零价汞（Hg^0）的脱除效果。然后对比研究了活性炭纤维协同滤袋常用纤维负载催化剂后，对模拟燃煤烟气中Hg^0的脱除性能。结果表明，在汞蒸气人口浓度为50μg／m^3，纯N2气氛下，当温度为25℃时，两者脱除率均能达到99％，当温度为200℃，负载催化剂的活性炭纤维脱除率在30％左右，PPS纤维仅为10％左右。在200℃情况下，模拟烟气的组分为N2＋O2时，2种纤维的Hg^0脱除率提高了10％～20％，当在混合气体中添加0．01％。后，负载催化剂的PPS纤维Hg^0脱除率能达到80％，活性炭纤维Hg^0脱除率能达到98％。当温度为200℃，模拟烟气的组分为N2＋O2＋HCl时，不同性能掺炭纤维负载催化剂后Hg^0脱除率在69％～95％范围之间变化，其中PPS掺炭纤维对Hg^0脱除效率最高达到95％，因此，负载V2O5-WO3／TiO2催化剂的PPS掺炭纤维能在高温烟气中保持较高的Hg^0脱除率。     

燃煤钙基固砷剂的影响因素研究

利用电石渣、CaCO3、CaCO3·Ca(OH)3和Ca(OH)2作为燃煤钙基固砷剂,通过正交试验研究了固砷剂种类、固砷剂用量、燃烧温度及煤粒径对固砷效果的影响.结果表明,燃烧温度是影响燃煤固砷的最显著因素,最佳为1 050℃;钙基固砷剂中CaCO3和电石渣的固砷效果最好,其次是CaCO3·Ca(OH) 2,Ca(OH) 2的固砷效果最差;钙基固砷剂用量按Ca、S摩尔比计量为2.0、煤粒径为160～200目时,钙基固砷剂具有较好的固砷效果,而且具有固砷固硫的双重作用.     

钙基烟气脱硫剂制备的实验研究

采用正交试验,研究了水合制备高效钙基烟气脱硫剂时各制备条件对产物的影响。结果表明,水合时间、水合温度Ca(OH)2/CaSO4的质量比,以及飞灰／（Ca(OH)2 CaSO4）质量比四个条件对脱硫剂比表面积的形成有显著的影响;从而由单因素实验得出一最佳钙基脱硫剂制备条件组合。此外,通过XDR分析,测定了脱硫剂的物相组成,扫描电镜观察显示飞灰和水合吸收剂具有不同的表面形态。     

密相半干法低温同时脱硫脱硝影响因素

针对90~160℃的低温条件下，SO₂对钙基吸收剂吸收NO_x的影响进行了实验研究，分析了烟气温度T、含氧率、含湿量等对SO₂促进钙基吸收剂吸收NO_x的影响。实验结果表明，当烟气中SO₂浓度的升高可促进钙基吸收剂对NO_x的吸收；同时，维持反应系统在9.2%的含湿量；保证烟气温度在结露点以上，使系统在90~100℃的温度区间；控制系统漏风率，防止含氧率的升高；保证前端电除尘效率的同时，将一部分电除尘捕集到的灰尘作为钙基脱硫剂的添加剂，并使之参与脱硫反应器内的钙基吸收剂循环过程中；可较多地脱除烟气中的污染物质。     

钙基半干法燃煤烟气脱硫技术的影响因素

半干法烟气脱硫技术因具有耗水量少、产物易处理等特点而备受关注.基于固定床反应器研究了反应温度、脱硫剂Ca(OH)2颗粒粒径、反应空速及烟气中水蒸气体积分数对Ca(OH)2脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,Ca(OH)2颗粒粒径的减小、反应空速的降低、烟气中水蒸气体积分数的提高及低反应温度等因素,有利于SO2的脱除、Ca(OH)...     

强电离放电模拟烟气脱硫实验

应用强电离放电方法进行烟气脱硫 ,将烟气中大部分O2 、N2 和H2 O等气体分子电离后加工成OH等活性粒子 ,在高温、不加吸收剂的条件下 ,直接将SO2 氧化成H2 SO4。实验中分别研究了烟气在反应室内的停留时间、烟气中含水量和含氧量等因素对脱硫率的影响。实验结果表明 ,烟气在反应室内停留时间为 0 74s ,烟气中含水量和含氧量分别为2 8%和 2 0 8%时 ,SO2 脱除率可达到 10 0 %。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Atmospheric Acidity by means of the Displacement of the Equilibrium of Acid-Base Indicators

A method is described for determining acidity by means of the spectrophotometric determination of the displacement of the equilibrium of açid-base indicators. The method is simple, sensitive and free of known interferences. There is no dependence on costly or sophisticated equipment and the results obtained are reliable and reproducible.     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。