二丁与连翘药渣联合堆肥腐熟度评价

为了对不同比例的二丁与连翘药渣堆肥腐熟度进行评价,采用条垛式好氧堆肥方式,将二丁和连翘两种药渣按照5种不同的比例进行堆肥处理,通过分析堆肥过程中温度、pH、C/N和发芽指数等指标的变化规律,对堆肥腐熟度进行评价。结果表明:在试验处理条件下及堆肥周期内,单一药渣堆肥的两组处理未能完全腐熟,混合药渣堆肥的3组处理均已达到完全腐熟的标准,说明两种药渣混合后进行堆肥,可以有效促进堆肥的顺利进行,且二丁与连翘比例为2∶1(质量比)时发酵效果最好。3组混合药渣的发酵产物可以作为有机肥或土壤改良剂施用,也可以与化肥配合,制备成有机/无机配方肥。     

二丁与连翘药渣联合堆肥腐熟度评价

为了对不同比例的二丁与连翘药渣堆肥腐熟度进行评价,采用条垛式好氧堆肥方式,将二丁和连翘两种药渣按照5种不同的比例进行堆肥处理,通过分析堆肥过程中温度、pH、C/N和发芽指数等指标的变化规律,对堆肥腐熟度进行评价。结果表明:在试验处理条件下及堆肥周期内,单一药渣堆肥的两组处理未能完全腐熟,混合药渣堆肥的3组处理均已达到完全腐熟的标准,说明两种药渣混合后进行堆肥,可以有效促进堆肥的顺利进行,且二丁与连翘比例为2∶1(质量比)时发酵效果最好。3组混合药渣的发酵产物可以作为有机肥或土壤改良剂施用,也可以与化肥配合,制备成有机/无机配方肥。     

固体废弃物的堆肥化处理技术

固体废弃物已成为限制城市发展的重要环境问题.堆肥化处理是固体废弃物资源化利用的一种方式,已逐渐被国内外所重视.本文综述了现有的三种堆肥化系统:条垛式系统、通气静态垛式系统和发酵仓式系统,介绍了三种系统的优缺点.     

辅料及翻抛工艺对干旱地区污泥堆肥C、N动态变化的影响

针对我国西北干旱地区污泥堆肥过程中存在养分损失较大和腐熟度差的问题。采用正交实验的方法开展大型条垛堆肥,研究辅料参数及翻抛工艺对堆肥过程中C和N养分动态变化的影响,并利用Topsis分析筛选最优处理,达到当地污泥堆肥过程中减少养分损失和提高腐熟度的目的。结果表明,当玉米秸秆配比为15%时,全氮损失量最小,为3.67%。硝态氮的质量分数在堆肥阶段呈持续上升的趋势,铵态氮的质量分数在堆肥过程中先增加后减小,在堆肥结束时,堆体硝态氮和铵态氮的质量分数均随着秸秆配比的增加而减小,质量分数分别为0.99 g·kg^-1和0.78 g·kg^-1。堆体有机质的质量分数随着秸秆配比增加而增加,15%秸秆的有机质的质量分数比10%和5%秸秆的分别增加了10.08%和6.61%;堆肥过程中堆体C/N比整体呈现W型变化趋势,结束时堆体C/N比随秸秆配比增加而减小。种子发芽指数(GI)随着秸秆配比增大而增加,当玉米秸秆配比为15%时,种子发芽指数均超过100%。Topsis分析表明,最优条垛式堆肥处理为T7 (15%秸秆配比+5 cm秸秆粒径+常规翻抛),是一种适合西...     

固体废弃物的推马化处理技术

固体废弃物已成为限制城市发展的重要环境问题。堆肥化处理是固体废弃物资源化利用的一种方式,已逐渐被国内外所重视。本文综述了现有的三种堆肥化系统,条式系统、通气静态垛式系统和发酵仓式系统,介绍了三种系统的优缺点。     

序批式好氧发酵一体化反应器的研制与验证

好氧堆肥是农村有机废弃物资源化利用、减少农村面源污染的有效途径之一,为解决农村固废堆肥设备短缺的问题,设计了一种序批式好氧发酵一体化反应器,并开展了反应器堆肥验证实验。设备主要包括5个发酵单元、除臭系统、密闭箱体和自动控制系统,发酵仓采用"U"型结构,有效容积100 L,可提供最大25 L·min~(-1)空气量,曝气精度0.1 L·min~(-1),翻抛轴转速7.2 r·min~(-1),采用离子除臭装置在密闭箱体内完成除臭过程。自控系统可实现5组发酵装置的自动控制和数据管理,通过不同含水率的物料进行好氧堆肥实验,进行物理、化学指标的综合评价,结果表明,该反应器一体化程度高,堆肥效果符合有机肥无害化标准,可实现序批式堆肥。该设备解决了传统堆肥连续性差、自动化程度低的问题,可为农业废弃物资源化利用提供技术支撑。     

好氧堆肥滚筒结构及通风管排布设计

针对现有好氧堆肥技术的不足,设计1台兼具强制通风静态垛与卧式旋转仓二者优势的好氧堆肥用滚筒反应器。运用Fluent软件对大部分发酵时间处于静态的滚筒反应器进行通风效果数值模拟与分析,对比通风管不同排布方式的堆体中小流速区域面积,确定了滚筒底部2根通风管的合理排布方式。     

生活垃圾仓式静态好氧发酵供风系统工艺设计

生活垃圾堆肥厂的核心——发酵系统对堆肥产品的质量和成本起着决定性的作用,所以其设计显得至关重要。结合多年的科研及工程实践经验,就垃圾仓式静态好氧发酵供风系统工艺设计中供风形式、方式选择,风量、风压计算以及供风控制形式选择等几个关键部分做了详细介绍。     

添加过磷酸钙和糠醛渣对好氧堆肥过程中氨气排放和氮素转化的影响

针对好氧堆肥过程中产生的二次污染问题,以牛粪和小麦秸秆为原料,探究了添加过磷酸钙(SP)和糠醛渣(FR)对户外条垛式好氧堆肥过程中氨气排放和氮素转化的影响.结果表明,添加过磷酸钙降低了堆体的pH,减少了19.65％的氨气排放量,但是其N2O排放量增加了20.8％;添加糠醛渣后堆肥的高温期延长了7 d,增加了69.59％的氨气排放量,但是其N2O排放量减少了68.79％.添加过磷酸钙后,NH4+-N增加了40％～80％,这可能是在升温期和高温期该处理的N2O排放高于对照的主要原因;酸解总氮降低了2.21％～13.71％,这说明添加过磷酸钙促进了有机态氮向无机氮的转化.添加糠醛渣降低了NH4+-N质量分数,增加了总氮的质量分数.添加过磷酸钙通过降低pH减少NH3排放;添加糠醛渣有利于提高总氮质量分数和减少N2o的排放.本研究结果可为好氧堆肥中氨气和氧化亚氮的减排提供参考.     

新型堆肥装置设计及其应用研究

根据城市生活垃圾的特点和性质,利用物料平衡和热力学原理进行好氧堆肥实验装置的设计,并对堆肥发酵仓容积的确定和配套辅助设备进行了研究,得出当堆肥装置直径小于225m时,需采取保温措施。通过强制通风静态仓式堆肥小试实验进行的城市生活垃圾堆肥结果表明,通过30℃及以上的水浴加热,可实现固体废物的堆肥化。     

Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by composting in biopiles

Composting of contaminated soil in biopiles is an ex situ technology, where organic matter such as bark chips are added to contaminated soil as a bulking agent. Composting of lubricating oil-contaminated soil was performed in field scale ( [Formula: see text] m(3)) using bark chips as the bulking agent, and two commercially available mixed microbial inocula as well as the effect of the level of added nutrients (N,P,K) were tested. Composting of diesel oil-contaminated soil was also performed at one level of nutrient addition and with no inoculum. The mineral oil degradation rate was most rapid during the first months, and it followed a typical first order degradation curve. During 5 months, composting of the mineral oil decreased in all piles with lubrication oil from approximately 2400 to 700 mg (kg dry w)(-1), which was about 70% of the mineral oil content. Correspondingly, the mineral oil content in the pile with diesel oil-contaminated soil decreased with 71% from 700 to 200 mg (kg dry w)(-1). In this type of treatment with addition of a large amount of organic matter, the general microbial activity as measured by soil respiration was enhanced and no particular effect of added inocula was observed.     

Production of plant growth–promoting bacteria inoculants from composting leachate to develop durable agricultural ecosystems

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Composting process of residual organic material generates considerable amounts of liquid leachate which contains high organic load. This waste stream...     

Incorporation of solar-heated aeration and greenhouse in grass composting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Composting is an environment-friendly method for recycling organic waste, and incorporation of heat and aeration can enhance favorable conditions for...     

Effects of multi-phase inoculation on the fungal community related with the improvement of medicinal herbal residues composting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Composting has become the most important way to recycle medicinal herbal residues (MHRs). The traditional composting method, adding a microbial agent...     

Low accessibility and chemical activity of PAHs restrict bioremediation and risk of exposure in a manufactured gas plant soil

Composting of manufactured gas plant soil by a commercial enterprise had removed most of its polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but concentrations remained above regulatory threshold levels. Several amendments and treatments were first tested to restart the PAH degradation, albeit with little success. The working hypothesis was then that PAHs were “stuck” due to strong sorption to black carbon. Accessibility was measured with cyclodextrin extractions and on average only 4% of the PAHs were accessible. Chemical activity of the PAHs was measured by equilibrium sampling, which confirmed a low exposure level. These results are consistent with strong sorption to black carbon (BC), which constituted 59% of the total organic carbon. Composting failed to remove the PAHs, but it succeeded to minimize PAH accessibility and chemical activity. This adds to accumulating evidence that current regulatory thresholds based on bulk concentrations are questionable and alternative approaches probing actual risk should be considered.     

堆肥技术处理有机污染土壤的研究进展

堆肥化处理是一种新型、高效的生物修复技术 ,本文综述了国内外应用堆肥技术处理有机污染土壤的研究进展 ,总结了对有机污染土壤进行堆肥处理的主要影响因素。本文还指出了堆肥技术目前存在的问题 ,并对其发展前景进行了展望     

Impact of composting strategies on the treatment of soils contaminated with organic pollutants

Chemical pollution of the environment has become a major source of concern. Studies on degradation of organic compounds have shown that some microorganisms are extremely versatile at catabolizing recalcitrant molecules. By harnessing this catabolic potential, it is possible to bioremediate some chemically contaminated environmental systems. Composting matrices and composts are rich sources of xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms including bacteria, actinomycetes and lignolytic fungi, which can degrade pollutants to innocuous compounds such as carbon dioxide and water. These microorganisms can also biotransform pollutants into less toxic substances and/or lock up pollutants within the organic matrix, thereby reducing pollutant bioavailability. The success or failure of a composting/compost remediation strategy depends however on a number of factors, the most important of which are pollutant bioavailability and biodegradability. This review discusses the interactions of pollutants with soils; look critically at the clean up of soils contaminated with a variety of pollutants using various composting strategies and assess the feasibility of using composting technologies to bioremediate contaminated soil.     

Fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during composting of lagooning sewage sludge

The fate of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), targeted by the USEPA agency, has been investigated during composting of lagooning sludge. Composting shows efficient decrease of the content and the bioavailability of each PAH. Biodegradation and sorption are suggested as the main mechanisms contributing to this decrease. During the stabilization phase of composting, extensive microbial degradation of PAHs, mainly those with a low number of aromatic rings, was achieved following development of intense thermophilic communities. However, partial sorption of PAH to non-accessible sites temporarily limits the mobility mainly of PAHs with a high number of aromatic rings plus acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, and allows them to escape microbial attack. During the maturation phase, the development of a mesophilic population could play an important role in the degradation of the remaining PAH. During this phase of composting, PAH sequestration and binding of their oxidative metabolites within new-formed humic substances might also explain PAH decrease at the end of composting. The tendency of change of content or bioavailability of various PAH compounds during composting is found to be strongly related to the number of their aromatic rings, their molecular weight and structure.     

Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated soil through composting with fresh organic wastes

Introduction  

Composting may enhance bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils by providing organic substrates that stimulate the growth of potential microbial degraders. However, the influence of added organic matter (OM) together with the microbial activities on the dissipation of PAHs has not yet been fully assessed.     

堆肥中纤维素和木质素的生物降解研究现状

堆肥是垃圾处理的主要方法之一 ,厨房垃圾、园林垃圾、农村秸秆和日常生活中的废弃纤维产品均可作为堆肥原料 ,这些原料中含有一定量的纤维素和木质素 ,而纤维素和木质素在堆肥过程中较难生物降解。因此 ,国内外学者致力于研究能加速纤维素和木质素降解的高效微生物。研究发现 ,对纤维素和木质素有降解能力的微生物主要是高温放线菌和高温真菌 ,其中有独特降解机制的白腐菌在木质素降解中起着重要作用