松香废水处理技术及机理研究

为了解决松香废水对环境的污染问题,采用内电解-生物法-混凝沉淀法处理松香废水。结果表明,在内电解反应时间为10h、生物法停留时间为24h、混凝沉淀法选用混凝剂为聚合硫酸铁、最佳投药量为200mg／L时,出水COD〈70mg／L,达到污水综合排放标准的一级排放标准。废水经过内电解处理后可生化性明显提高,对其机理进行研究发现,除特别难处理的高分子物质外,其他物质均能得到很好的处理。     

混凝法深度处理焦化废水的实验研究

文章以经A2/O生化法处理后的焦化废水为研究对象,采用混凝-Fenton法对其进行深度处理。确定了聚合硫酸铁等铁盐处理焦化废水的最佳投药量和pH值,讨论了影响其混凝效果的主要因素。处理后出水的COD去除率达40%以上。混凝剂处理焦化生化外排水中的难降解有机物,COD去除率只有40%左右,经过Fenton试剂氧化后,去除率可以达到70%左右,外排水能够达到国家排放标准。     

排放环境目标值与点源分析模式

以排放环境目标值（DMEG）为基础。采用美国环保局研究较成熟的点源分析模式（SAM/IA）评价。比较了电镀废水中5项污染物处理前与处理后的效果。从毒理学角度评述了有毒物质对人体。生态环境的危害级数和单位排放率。并排出了有毒物质对人体健康，生态环境危害级数的顺序。     

用BOD-COD相关原理分析排污废水可生化性

工业废水和城市污水的BOD5和CODcr相关关系:CODcr=a bBOD5,　CODcr=CODB CODNBa=CODNB,　b=CODBBOD5　　式中CODNB为不能被生物降解的物质;CODB为能被生物降解的物质。用BOD5COD和CODNBCOD比值评价废水可生化性参考值:BOD5CODcr　≥45%　≥30%　<30%,≥25%　<25%CODNBCODcr≤20%≤50%>50%易生化可生化　较难生化　难生化用上述比值可准确鉴别废水的可生化性,对废水治理具有实际意义。用BOD-COD相关原理分析排污废水可生化性@温俨$太原市环境监测站!山西太原030002@武果香$太原市环境监测站!山西太原030002…     

馏化法处理高浓度难生化有机化工废水的试验研究

对馏化技术处理高浓度有机化工废水的原理与工艺进行了研究，结果表明，馏化技术对废水中CODcr的去除率可达98%以上，同时可回收有用的化工原料．与其他物化方法相比，具有操作工艺简单，处理效率高，是一种适用于高浓度难生化有机化工废水处理的工艺。     

纺织印染废水的处理技术

印染废水的色度大，有机物含量高，可生化性差．针对上述特点，采用了厌氧水解酸化一生物接触氧化、气浮等工艺处理印染废水．结果表明，该工艺对印染废水有很好的处理效果，最终出水基本达到无色，达到纺织染整工业水污染物排放一级标准（GB4287-1992），处理成本较低．     

苏州西站货厂废水处理工艺探讨

针对苏州西站货厂废水原有处理工程未达标排放的原因进行了实验分析和探讨，介绍了工艺改进后，废水达到国家排放标准的情况并列举了存在的问题。     

石油化工废水中有机组分剖析

采用二氯甲烷液—液萃取预处理水样，气相色谱—质谱联用技术分析了炼油厂生化曝气池进、出水，腈纶厂干法纺丝废水及其经ＳＢＲ小试处理的出水中二氯甲烷可萃取的有机组分，并半定量地评估了生化处理对这些有机组分的去除效果。结果表明，炼油厂生化曝气池对酚类及芳烃类化合物的去除效果较好，而长链脂肪烃的去除率相对较低；腈纶干法纺丝工艺废水中可萃取的有机组分主要为Ｎ，Ｎ二甲基甲酰胺，其相对含量大于９５％（ｍ／ｍ），该废水经ＳＢＲ小试处理后，原水中各种可萃取的有机化合物均得到分解，结构发生了变化，但不能全部彻底地转化为ＣＯ２和水。     

油轮压舱废水的特性分析

对油轮压舱废水的可生化性进行了分析研究,既讨论了压舱废水的ＢＯＤ５与ＣＯＤ的相关关系,又分析了ＣＯＤ与ＴＯＣ比值,同时还用色谱－质谱作了压舱废水中有机组分的分析。三方面的结果均表明油轮压舱废水的可生化性较差,压舱废水中有机组分以高分子量的直链烷烃为主。在此基础上,提出了对油轮压舱废水的处理建议。     

焦化废水生化处理过程中溶解性有机物及毒性变化规律

焦化废水中的溶解性有机物(DOM)作为废水污染物和毒性的主要来源受到广泛关注。厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A-A-O)生物法联合混凝沉淀工艺在焦化废水处理中被广泛应用。于2018年4,7和11月分别采集4座焦化废水处理厂废水,采用光谱学分析手段和水生生物急性毒性试验对A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理过程中焦化废水的DOM和毒性变化进行分析。结果表明,焦化废水中含有大量不饱和芳香性物质,其中类色氨酸、络氨酸物质占主导,其次为类溶解性微生物代谢产物、类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸类物质;未经处理的焦化废水对藻类和大型溞的急性毒性等级为中毒至高毒。A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理可去除90%以上的类色氨酸、络氨酸和类富里酸物质,但对类腐殖酸类物质去除率相对较低,仅为约80%,关键去除段为缺氧段和好氧段;该工艺对焦化废水急性毒性削减率为80.51%~94.30%,关键削减段为厌氧段。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,焦化废水溶解性总有机碳(TOC)、类腐殖酸类物质荧光组分C1和类富里酸类物质荧光组分C4与废水急性毒性存在显著正相关关系,可利用其作为水样急性毒性初筛的指示性指标。可为焦化废水生化处理的效能优化和废水毒性控制及安全评估提供科学支撑。     

Nitrous oxide emissions from waste water

The estimation of nitrous oxide emissions is complicated by the high degree of uncertainty on the emission factors involved and by the limited acquaintance with all significant nitrous oxide sources. A potentially important source for which emission data are lacking is the sewage system transporting waste water from human activities. For this study an experimental measurement campaign has been carried out on waste water sampled at different sewage treatment plants. The nitrous oxide developing from the water samples was monitored by means of gas chromatography. The methodological analysis was based on the concentration/time curves obtained. Our results indicate that the formation of nitrous oxide from the waste water matrices results from microbiological denitrification. We deduced tentative emission factors for the waste water types studied.     

Adsorption of Cotton Fabric Dyestuff Waste Water on Nigeria Agricultural Semi-Activated Carbon

The Kaduna river in Nigeria is in such great environmental stress that the self-purifying capacity of the river has been exceeded as a result of industrial discharges. The river water is blue-green and pollution build-up is evident on the river banks. Techniques were designed to rid the river of visible signs of pollution by incorporating the principles of adsorption and incineration.Semi-activated carbon from agricultural wastes were used to treat the waste water. Residual colors, amber, yellow and orange, were obtained and the solute removed ranged from 96-99.8% and the volatile residue removed by carbon treatment ranged from 3-3.8%. Incineration of 1 kg waste water yielded 40 g solid residue.Adsorption of dyestuff present in the waste water was linear and increased with concentrations of waste water per unit mass of guinea corn carbon. Replicate results yielded: y = 2.5 + 0.130x y = 2.306 + 0.017x where x =log10% concentration of dyestuff waste water (independent variable); y = log10 adsorption of dyestuff waste-weight gramme-1 carbon. Unit of weight = milligramme (dependent variable).For maize carbon, adsorption was linear but decreased with increasing concentrations. Replicate results were: y = 1.583 - 0.21x y = 0.52 - 0.32x x and y here are the same as above; with cane sugar carbon, adsorption was independent of concentrations. Student t-test showed no statistical difference between the replicates at the 99.5% level.     

堰槽式明渠废水流量监测数据有效性判别技术研究

针对缺少堰槽明渠废水流量监测数据有效性判别技术的现状,研究了计量检定期间对废水流量计的监督检查技术,设计了现场计量检定项目、流量计运行维护情况、生产工况的变化3个方面检查内容、8项检查指标,并分别提出了检查方法及检查结果的判定与处理,填补了中国废水流量自动数据有效性认定的技术空白,完善了废水流量监测的质控体系。开展的试点工作表明,该文提出废水流量计监督检查技术具有较好的实用性。     

污水库自净与运行情况调查及分析

为了了解独山子石化总厂贮存式氧化塘型污水库使用多年的实际情况,统计,分析了近二年的水质监测数据及水生态情况,结果表明,污水库自净及运行状态良好,近期发生的生态环境被破坏事件主要是由于库区水面降低,底质毒物富集造成,控制生产排污,加强库区运行管理对污水库的水源保护极为重要。     

Geochemical characterisation of pyrite oxidation and environmental problems related to release and transport of metals from a coal washing low-grade waste dump, Shahrood, northeast Iran

Pyrite oxidation and release of the oxidation products from a low-grade coal waste dump to stream, groundwater and soil was investigated by geochemical and hydrogeochemical techniques at Alborz Sharghi coal washing plant, Shahrood, northeast Iran. Hydrogeochemical analysis of water samples indicates that the metal concentrations in the stream waters were low. Moreover, the pH of the water showed no considerable change. The analysis of the stream water samples shows that except the physical changes, pyrite oxidation process within the coal washing waste dump has not affected the quality of the stream water. Water type was determined to be calcium sulphate. The results of the analysis of groundwater samples indicate that the pH varies from 7.41 to 7.51. The concentrations of the toxic metals were low. The concentration of SO4 is slightly above than its standard concentration in potable water. It seems that the groundwater less affected by the coal washing operation in the study area. Geochemical analysis of the sediment samples shows that Fe concentration decreases gradually downstream the waste dump with pH rising. SO(4) decreases rapidly downstream direction. Copper, Zn and Co concentrations decrease with distance from the waste dump due to a dilution effect by the mixing of uncontaminated sediments. These elements, in particular, Zn are considerably elevated in sediment sample collected at the nearest distance to the waste dump. There is no doubt that such investigations can help to develop an appropriate water remediation plan.     

微生物技术处理饮食服务业含油污水的实验研究

通过3次采自乌鲁木齐市鸿春园饭店不同时期排放的污水，经培养筛选出的28株具有较强除油能力的菌种回接污水后，其平均除油率达68%，其优选菌种回接污水24h后的除油率达90%，而同批污水自然存放10d后的除油率仅为29%。采用选培优良菌种集中快速处理，可以显著提高此类污水的处理效率。     

全自动甲基汞分析仪测定水和废水中甲基汞

建立了全自动甲基汞分析仪测定水和废水中甲基汞的方法,对较清洁的地表水和一般废水样品可直接衍生化测定,对基体复杂水样则需蒸馏后再衍生化测定。该法在水样中甲基汞含量为0~1 000 pg范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.999 7,检出限为0.002 ng/L,标准参考物质测定结果均在参考值范围内,相对标准偏差为1.1%,加标回收率为83.2%~96.6%。该法适用于水及废水中甲基汞的检测。     

二氯荧光黄为指示剂的硝酸银滴定法测定废水中氯化物

采用以二氯荧光黄为指示剂的硝酸银滴定法测定废水中氯化物。优化实验条件后,以该法测定质控样,相对误差-1.30%～2.70%,相对标准偏差0.10%～0.14%,加标回收率约为98%。用该法测定废水中氯化物是合理可行的。     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定工业废气和废水中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺

采用HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱、气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器测定工业废气和废水中的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,可能共存的丙酮、乙醇和乙酰丙酮均对测试无干扰.方法在0.939 mg/L～75.1 mg/L范围内线性良好,对工业废水、无组织排放工业废气和有组织排放工业废气中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的检出限分别为0.47 mg/L、0.16 mg/m3和0.31 mg/m3,标准溶液平行测定的RSD为1.9％ ～2.2％,废水样品加标回收率为94％～ 97％.     

化工园区污水特征分析及生物毒性研究

对天津市某化工园区9个主要污染企业及总排放口的废水进行监测分析,测定了12项水质常规指标和8项重金属指标,采用主成分分析法和生物毒性测试对化工区废水的水质进行了综合评价。结果表明,水质指标中大部分常规项目(如COD、氨氮和重金属含量)在多数企业污水中都符合排放标准,总氮、总磷污染较重,其中磷的污染最严重,最高超标23.83倍;影响污水性质的第一主成分为氯化物、电导率、全盐量和Cr,第二主成分为溶解氧、悬浮物、氨氮、总氮、总磷和As;废水具有一定的生物毒性,且不同化工企业之间毒性差异较大。水质化学测定的结果和生物毒性程度有一定相关性,但也存在差异,应该结合两者综合评价水质污染特征。