山东省水环境自动监测监控系统数据的应用设计和使用方法

山东省水环境自动监测监控子系统的主要功能是将全省水质自动站数据利用计算机网络、数据仓库等技术导入到环境监测数据仓库中，实现全省水环境自动监测的统一监控和监测信息的自动管理和发布。本文简单介绍了系统担制中心端监测数据统计应用部分的功能设计和实现方法。     

流域非点源水污染排放清单估算系统构建

基于流域水质改善与水环境管理需求,结合目前流域非点源水污染排放存在的问题,本研究采用SOA-B/S架构,运用MVC6和GIS与环境模型集成关键技术,构建流域非点源水污染排放清单估算系统,并系统梳理了地形数据、污染源环境统计数据、气象数据等基础信息,采用基于输出系数法的非点源水污染负荷估算模型,实现了对全年及年内各分水期非点源水污染排放清单的处理分析和估算。系统通过数据库、GIS平台、模型集成和业务系统建设,实现了对不同时间和空间尺度下不同地区的非点源水污染负荷估算,推进了流域非点源污染排放的信息化、科学化及可视化管理,为决策者制定流域水环境管理措施和方案提供了有力的技术支持。     

西班牙河湖水环境保护与治理

在了解西班牙水概况基础上,通过整理西班牙地图册河湖水库信息和相关文献河湖水库资料,统计分析西班牙大型水库和湖泊数量及分布特征,河湖水库水环境、水资源及污染治理情况,梳理其地表水环境监测及评价状况,总结了西班牙水环境保护治理与管理方面的有益经验。其中水环境水资源统一由一个部门集中管理以及发挥用水户灌溉协会参与管理的积极作用,对我国水环境管理与保护具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于MAPXTREME的WEBGIS开发浅析--以山东省辖淮河流域水环境WEB管理系统开发为例

区域水环境信息是空间的重要组成部分,通过将地理信息系统与Internet相结合,以山东省辖淮河流域水环境WEB管理系统的开发过程为例,对当前主流的WEBGIS实现技术及常用开发方法作了较为系统的论述.     

水环境管理国际经验之比鉴

水环境管理是环境保护工作的重要内容,水环境是社会关注的重要问题之一。水环境质量直接关系到生态健康、可持续发展及人们生活水平和质量。水环境管理的核心是"管理",其精髓是"活",其目标是"可持续发展"。本文从水环境管理国际经验出发,收集、总结了一些发达国家水环境管理经验,初步分析了我国水环境管理现状和存在的问题,提出了水环境管理的新模式:科学规划—精细化管理—活水理念—可持续发展,以引起思考与探讨。     

流域水资源与水环境综合管理发展现状及存在问题

流域的水资源与水环境管理是我国环境管理的难题之一。本文系统的总结和阐述了国内外的流域水管理的发展现状以及成功经验，并对我国流域管理中存在的问题进行了分析。同时，阐明了我国必须借鉴国外流域水管理的经验，从国情实际出发，探索有中国特色的流域水资源与水环境综合管理模式，走自己的流域水管理道路，才能从实践中取得成功。     

志愿者参与监督黑臭水体的治理——记绿色潇湘河流守望者行动网络

城市黑臭水体问题不仅损害城市人居环境,是当前老百姓反映最强烈的城市水环境问题之一,也是国家《水污染防治行动计划》的重点内容。自2016年3月住建部、环保部联合发布的“城市水环境公众参与平台”上线以来,绿色潇湘对该平台的参与形式和内容进行了了解,积极发动全省河流守望者及各地志愿者网络成员参与其中,对该项政策从公众参与与知情权的层面形成了较好的补充效果,同时也积累了一些民间监督黑臭水体经验和建议,协调了黑臭水体治理各个职能部门的互相沟通和信息公开,用事实和行动证明,公众参与城市水环境的必要性和迫切性。     

计算机图形技术在环境监测中的应用

讨论了计算机图形技术在环境监测实验室分析、监测数据趋势分析和环境数据统计等方面的应用,结合Internet技术的发展,对环境信息发布和地理信息系统(GIS)的结合应用进行了讨论,提出了Internet下环境信息应用的新思路:建立数据审核系统、数据查询分析系统、用户管理管理系统、地图出版系统,以提高环境监测分析应用水平.     

青海省环境信息中心

青海省环境信息中心成立于1994年,现为社会公益性事业单位。主要职责：组织和指导本省的环境信息网络系统建设;负责收集、存贮、加工、传输和发布共享本省的环境信息,向环保部和省环保厅报送规范化的环境信息;为各级环境管理、决裁部门提供环境信息化技术支持和服务;     

国际资讯

正实时森林监测系统发布世界资源研究所、谷歌等超过40家合作机构近日在华盛顿联合发布Global Forest Watch(GFW,即保护全球森林的全新动态平台),主要实现在线对森林动态进行监测和预警。GFW首次综合使用卫星技术、开放数据和众包模式,保证提供即时可靠的森林信息。GFW帮助世界各地的人们更好地管理森林资源,可以提供分辨率高达30米的全球林木覆盖面积变化信息。     

GIS在水污染控制中的研究与探讨

地理信息系统(GIS)是专门用于地理空间信息处理和管理的计算机技术系统，造成城市水污染的污染源及其相关数据均具有空间分布特性，这决定了GIS可在该领域发挥重要作用。GIS能支持与水环境有关的地理空间数据的获取、管理、分析、模拟和显示，以解决复杂的水环境综合治理问题和水污染控制问题；同时，建立完善的空间数据库和属性数据库，为环境保护部门和科研部门提供研究与决策支持。本文就GIS在水污染控制这一领域的应用做一定探讨。     

A Water Allocation Decision‐Support Model and Tool for Predictions in Ungauged Basins in Northeast British Columbia,Canada

Pressures on water resources due to changing climate, increasing demands, and enhanced recognition of environmental flow needs result in the need for hydrology information to support informed water allocation decisions. However, the absence of hydrometric measurements and limited access to hydrology information in many areas impairs water allocation decision‐making. This paper describes a water balance‐based modeling approach and an innovative web‐based decision‐support hydrology tool developed to address this need. Using high‐resolution climate, vegetation, and watershed data, a simple gridded water balance model, adjusted to account for locational variability, was developed and calibrated against gauged watersheds, to model mean annual runoff. Mean monthly runoff was modeled empirically, using multivariate regression. The modeled annual runoff results are within 20% of the observed mean annual discharge for 78% of the calibration watersheds, with a mean absolute error of 16%. Modeled monthly runoff corresponds well to observed monthly runoff, with a median Nash–Sutcliffe statistic of 0.92 and a median Spearman rank correlation statistic of 0.98. Monthly and annual flow estimates produced from the model are incorporated into a map‐ and watershed‐based decision‐support system referred to as the Northeast Water Tool, to provide critical information to decision makers and others on natural water supply, existing allocations, and the needs of the environment.     

NEW APPROACHES TO COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING IN CANADA1

ABSTRACT. In 1970, the Canadian Federal Government passed the Canada Water Act which provides for a co-operative federal-provincial approach to water resource management. The purpose of this paper is to outline our definition of comprehensive planning and the approach being taken under the new legislation. Two basic premises underly the definition. They are that resource management consists of an array of problems and that the prime function of planning is to provide information for decision making. The definition of comprehensive planning is embodied in a general statement and a set of principles. The principles define the approach that should be taken to provide adequate information for decision making in today's complex environment. A brief resume of the jurisdictions for water management in Canada leads to a discussion of a joint federal-provincial comprehensive study of the Qu'Appelle River Basin in Southern Saskatchewan. The basin and the study are described briefly. This is followed by an outline of the economic and social considerations which are being incorporated into the comprehensive planning study for the basin.     

Geographic information systems: a tool for strategic ground water quality management

Geographically‐related information is needed for several elements of an integrated ground water quality management programme, including ground water monitoring planning, prioritization of pollution sources, usage of permits and inspections for source control, and planning and completion of remedial actions. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) can be used to support these elements along with delineating wellhead protection areas (WHPAs), prioritizing existing contaminant sources and evaluating proposed changes in land usage in such areas. Eight case studies of the use of GISs in wellhead protection programmes are summarized, including examples from Rhode Island, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Kansas, Massachusetts and Texas. Six additional examples are mentioned relative to the use of GISs for evaluating ground water pollution potential, facilitating data analysis for environmental restoration of a large area with numerous waste sites, evaluating trends in ground water nitrate contamination, establishing a national database for ground water vulnerability to agricultural chemicals, simulating water table altitudes from stream and drainage basin locations, and selecting radioactive waste dump sites. The applicability of GISs and their associated advantages in wellhead protection and other ground water management studies are demonstrated via the case studies. The GIS technology provides a unique opportunity for analysing and visualizing spatial data. Contaminant and source prioritization within WHPAs is needed for both extant conditions and in the evaluation of proposed land use changes. The coupling of a GIS with contaminant/source prioritization would provide a strategic tool which could be used to plan targeted ground water monitoring programmes, to identify appropriate management or mitigation measures, minimize introduction of contaminants from existing sources into the subsurface environment, and to evaluate the potential of proposed land use activities for causing ground water contamination. GISs can be useful in providing current information for policy makers, planners and managers engaged in ground water quality decision making.     

WATER QUALITY MONITORING: WHERE'S THE BEEF?1

ABSTRACT: Water quality monitoring, as a function of society's efforts to manage the environment, is the contact mechanism that management and the public has with the actual water quality in the environment. Water quality monitoring has been studied extensively for many years to ensure that it produces information about water quality conditions. Current efforts to reduce government spending will have negative impacts on those government functions deemed to be non-responsive to the needs of the public. How well does water quality monitoring inform taxpayers about the status and trends in water quality conditions in the United States? This paper reviews a number of past efforts to “improve” water quality monitoring, discusses barriers to such improvement, and suggests ways that monitoring can be made more accountable for the information it should be producing for public understanding of water quality conditions. In particular, the need for standardization in data analysis and reporting of information to the public, is highlighted.     

计算机企业环境管理信息系统研究

本文介绍了计算机辅助企业环境管理信息系统软件的设计思路、设计方法、技术特点及应用情况,该软件将企业环境管理事后的、末端的资料变为生产全过程控制的信息,实现了企业污染预报和企业环境的动态管理。有效地预防污染事故的发生,使企业环境管理迈上科学化、规范化、标准化的新台阶。     

四川省河流生态环境需水量统计分析评估

本文介绍了标准流量法计算河流生态环境需水量的状况，针对四川省情况结合四川省水文资料，用当前广泛应用的各种标准流量法，对四川省河流生态环境需水量进行统计计算分析。其成果可以为有关部门和设计研究人员提供背景资料或决策依据。     

Willing and able: explaining individuals' engagement in environmental policy making

Research on attitudes toward environmental policy making has often overlooked the important role that risks play in forming individual attitudes towards the environment. Similarly, this research often assumes that the factors that affect attitudes are similar across different environmental domains. The purpose of this research is to examine how the factors that affect an individual's willingness to get involved in environmental policy making differ on two environmental issues – nuclear power and drinking water. The study utilises multivariate statistical techniques to explore the relationship that uncertainty, risk, and trust play in an individual's willingness to take action in environmental policy making. The data consist of responses to a national random telephone survey of 403 adults in the United States. The individuals surveyed are more likely to take action on the less avoidable potential threat of nuclear power than they are on drinking water. The respondents believe that the potential harm from nuclear power is greater than that from drinking water. The individuals most likely to take action are those who indicate that they are interested in environmental issues.