共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Robert D. Gibbons 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》1995,2(2):125-145
With increasing concern over chemicals that are potential health hazards at low levels, determination of limits of detection have undergone considerable scrutiny. Most traditional detection limit estimators suffer from extensive statistical and/or conceptual limitations. In this paper, traditional detection limit estimators are described and critically evaluated. Using the terminology of Currie (1968), methods are categorized into decision limits versus detection limits. The methods are further categorized into single concentration design versus calibration design methodologies. While the single concentration design methods are useful for fixing ideas and clarifying definitions, they are shown to be extremely limited in practice since dependence of variability on concentration can neither be estimated or incorporated. Calibration-based detection limit estimators are described, compared and contrasted. Generalizations to non-constant variance, multiple future detection decisions and simultaneous control of Type I and II errors are provided. The various calibration-based methods are illustrated using real data and experimental design issues for detection limit studies discussed. 相似文献
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我国城市垂直绿化现状与垂直绿化新技术 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
虽然我国各城市开展城市垂直绿化推广工作,取得了不少成效,但是依然存在着垂直绿化技术和植物种类单一、效果有待改善等问题。近年来,国内外出现了不少新的垂直绿化技术,若能借鉴、选择性地进行应用,对我国城市垂直绿化工作必定起促进作用。介绍了几种较新的垂直绿化技术,以供参考。 相似文献
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We examine the choice of policy instruments (price, quantity or a mix of the two) when two pollutants are regulated and firms' abatement costs are private information. Whether abatement efforts are complements or substitutes is key determining the choice of policies. When pollutants are complements, a mixed policy instrument with a tax on one pollutant and a quota on another is sometimes preferable even if the pollutants are identical in terms of benefits and costs of abatement. Yet, if they are substitutes, the mixed policy is dominated by taxes or quotas. 相似文献
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Ladybird defence alkaloids: Structural,chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic aspects (Col.: Coccinellidae)
Summary The defensive mechanisms which protect ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) against predators are reviewed. Besides behavioural mechanisms, such as thanatosis and reflex bleeding, chemical defence mechanisms are playing a prevalent role. Indeed, ladybirds are protected not only by their smell, but also by repulsive alkaloids, most of which are considered to be of autogenous origin. In a few cases, dietarily-acquired substances are also involved. Particular emphasis is laid on the repellent alkaloids which are contained in the haemolymph of many species. The structures of 34 nitrogen-containing compounds isolated so far are presented, and their distribution within the family is discussed in the light of the most widely accepted classification of these beetles. To conclude, the mode of release of the alkaloids, their variation through the life cycle and their repellent and toxic properties are discussed, as well as the few biosynthetic data yet available. 相似文献
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南岳珍稀濒危动物的调查研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在南岳野生动物中,珍稀濒危动物共有28种,一级1种,即黄腹角雉TragopanCaboti;二级23种,其中哺乳类5种,鸟类15种,两栖类2种;中国生物多样性保护行动计划优先保护名录二级动物1种;中国优先保护动物中国特有种(A级)4种.本文主要介绍了它们的分类位置、形态特征和在我国的分布,根据南岳现有的资源状况,提出了保护措施与对策. 相似文献
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本文提出利用环境功能指数对城市环境功能区的环境功能进行评估,设计了相应的评估方法,以马鞍山市七个环境功能区为例进行了实例分析,讨论了各功能区的环境功能变化趋势,并提出了相应的对策与建议。 相似文献
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Dina Laditsou 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):329-334
In this paper the environmental problems of the Kavala region are analysed and evaluated. Risks and hazards to people and living stock are identified and main polluting generators are duly recognized. Impacts of pollution on sectorial economic activities is discussed in detail and proposals for facing the oncoming environmental crisis in the region are put forward. 相似文献
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降解四氯乙烯厌氧菌的分离和特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
马光庭 《应用与环境生物学报》1998,4(2):196-199
从降解四氯乙烯沼气污泥富集培养物中分离得到4株厌氧菌,其中2株为弧菌(Vibrio),其细胞弧状,分别端单生,丛生鞭毛;1株是杆菌(Bacillus),其细胞杆状,G-,无鞭毛和芽孢;1株为甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina),其细胞球状,成堆排列.4株菌均可以甲醇为碳源,并具有不同强度降解四氯乙烯的活性. 相似文献
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Environmental Chemistry Letters - Steroids are abundant in living organisms and are responsible for various biological functions. They are good candidates for inclusion complexes formation with... 相似文献
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中国及邻近地区核果茶属植物的初步订正 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
杨世雄 《应用与环境生物学报》1997,3(3):276-288
对中国及邻近地区的42种及2变种核果茶属植物进行了初步的分类学订正,确认为20种、4变种(中国有16种、4变种),其中包括1个新种、8个新组合和2个新记录种。有25个合格发表被作为相应的种或变种的异名而归并. 相似文献
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系统地介绍了西方国家常用的1种评价环境物品(公共物品)的方法——条件价值法。在大量文献和作者已有研究的基础上,解释了环境物品的特征和价值含义,综述了条件价值法的概念、特点和总体框架内容,分析了该方法中出现的偏差类型,总结了该方法在国际国内的已有应用,提出其应用潜力和应用前景 相似文献
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New analytical formulations are presented for calculation of most effective parameters in the Gaussian plume dispersion model; the standard deviations of concentration for horizontal and vertical dispersion in neutral atmosphere conditions. Employing parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a powerful tool, some well-known analytical generations of Pasquill–Gifford–Turner experimental data are modified. To achieve this aim, CFD simulations are carried out for single stack dispersion on flat terrain surface and ground level concentrations are determined in different distances. An inverse procedure in Gaussian plume dispersion model is then applied and standard deviations of horizontal and vertical dispersions are obtained. The values are compared with those of the well-known methods of Doury, Briggs and Hanna in two cases: the experimental data for release of krypton-85 from 100 m high and pollution dispersion from three 28 m high stacks of Besat power plant near Tehran. The comparison indicates that new formulations for plume dispersion are more accurate than other well-known formulations. 相似文献
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Measures of niche overlap are used to assess the similarity or dissimilarity of two populations. Matusita's measure is one of commonly used niche overlap measures. We consider the problem of estimating Matusita's measure when samples are from multivariate normal distributions with unknown mean vectors and covariance matrices. Asymptotic variances and biases of Matusita's measure estimates are derived and bias reduction methods are proposed. Simulation results are shown to illustrate characteristics of the estimates and bias reduction methods. 相似文献
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Some intrinsic properties of differential equation models of ecosystems are formulated. The properties, which are long-termed, are classified into fundamental, stability, and sensitivity substructures. An aspect of the ecological term “resilient” — asymptotic stability uniformly for all small parameter variations — is introduced in a mathematical setting. In the sensitivity substructure, bounded sensitivity and continuity of sensitivity with respect to solutions are recognized as intrinsic properties. Illustrations of these two properties are given. 相似文献
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闽江口湿地的鸟类研究 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:23
1998-2000年对福建省闽江口湿地的鸟类资源进行了调查,共记录鸟类86种,隶属11目23科,其中古北界鸟类59种(68.6%),东洋界鸟类27种(31.4%),区系组成呈现南、北鸟类混杂分布,以古北界鸟类为主的特征,留鸟12种,占鸟类总数13.9%;迁徒鸟74种,占86.1%。该湿地鸟类的多样性表现出明显的季节性,迁徒季节鸟类的各类和数量都最多,繁殖季节则最少,该湿地有国家二级保护鸟类9种,中日修鸟保护协定名录中的鸟类49种,并对鸟类资源的保护和管理提出了建议。 相似文献
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城镇绿地对空气质量的影响--以中山市小榄镇为例 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
对中山市小榄镇公园、街道、居住区等不同地区的空气质量进行了测定.结果表明:公园、苗圃、金菊花园、镇府大院和小榄中学等绿化好、总绿量大的地带,CO2浓度[Ψ(CO2)/10^-6]和含菌量(n/m^-3)明显较低,负离子浓度明显较高;街道、新永路民居、商场、工厂、车站和果菜批发市场等绿化差、总绿量小的地带,Ψ(CO2)/10^-6和含菌量明显偏高,负离子浓度明显偏低.街道上空的Ψ(CO2)与车流量之间有极显著相关关系Ψ(CO2)与人流量之间相关关系不显著. 相似文献